高三英語三輪復(fù)習(xí)沖刺押題外刊閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

高考英語三輪復(fù)習(xí)·沖刺押題外刊閱讀理解訓(xùn)練67——改編自O(shè)pportunityisnotcreatedequalinSiliconValleyforAfricanAmericans,Hispanics【文章】RecentdatareleasedbymajorcompaniesinSiliconValleyconfirmwhatmanyhavesuspected:thetechindustryisnotofferingequalopportunitiestominoritiesandwomen.BlacksandHispanicsareseverelyunderrepresented,andwomenarealsounderrepresentedatalllevelsofthetechindustry,includinglargecorporations,startups,andventurecapitalfirms.Theindustrythatpridesitselfonbeingameritocracyis,inreality,morelikea"mirrortocracy,"accordingtoMitchKapor,co-chairoftheKaporCenterforSocialImpact.ThismeansthatmostcompaniesstillhirepeoplewholooklikethemselveswhichcouldundermineSiliconValley'scompetitivenessinattractingthebestpeopleandideastocreatethenextFacebookorGoogle.Theexclusionofminoritiesandwomenfromthetechindustrycouldincreasetheunemploymentrateforthesegroups,whichisalreadythreetimesthenationalaverage.Withcomputersciencejobsbeingthefastest-growingandamongthehighestpaying,thisissueisparticularlyconcerning.Despitethis,justonein14technicalemployeesinSiliconValleyisblackorHispanic.AccordingtoLauraWeidmanPowers,co-founderofCode2040,networksdrivehiringinSiliconValleyandreferralsarekey.Becauseofthisnetwork-basedapproach,whiteandAsianmenaremorelikelytogethiredandpromotedorfundedthanothergroups.ThislackofdiversityhasmadeitchallengingforAfricanAmericansandHispanicstobreakintotheindustry.Evenwhentheydosecurejobsorstarttheirownventures,theyoftenfaceadditionalobstacles.SiliconValleymustaddressitsdiversityproblemifithopestocontinueleadingthetechindustry.Todoso,theindustryneedstofocusonconsciouslymakingeffortstoovercomeunconsciousbiasinrecruitmentandpromotionpractices.Itcanalsoexpandaccesstocomputerscienceeducationtotraditionallyunderservedcommunities.Diversifyingthetechindustrywillbroadenperspectivesandfosterinnovation,ultimatelyleadingtosignificantreturnsforbusinessesandthewidereconomy.【重點(diǎn)詞匯&詞組】1.minorities(n.)少數(shù)民族2.women(n.)女性3.techindustry(n.)科技產(chǎn)業(yè)4.underrepresented(adj.)代表不足的5.corporations(n.)公司6.startups(n.)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)7.venturecapital(n.)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資8.meritocracy(n.)精英統(tǒng)治9.competitiveness(n.)競爭力10.exclusion(n.)排斥11.unemploymentrate(n.)失業(yè)率12.computerscience(n.)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)13.technicalemployees(n.)技術(shù)員工14.referrals(n.)推薦15.diversity(n.)多樣性16.consciousefforts(n.)有意識(shí)的努力17.unconsciousbias(n.)無意識(shí)偏見18.recruitment(n.)招聘19.promotionpractices(n.)晉升做法20.expandaccess(v.)擴(kuò)大接觸21.underservedcommunities(n.)被較少服務(wù)的社區(qū)22.diversifying(v.)多樣化23.perspectives(n.)觀點(diǎn)24.fosterinnovation(v.)促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新25.significantreturns(n.)顯著回報(bào)26.SiliconValley(n.)硅谷27.co-chair(n.)共同主席28.minoritygroups(n.)少數(shù)群體29.severely(adv.)嚴(yán)重地30.competitiveness(n.)競爭力31.mirrortocracy(n.)鏡像政治32.undermine(v.)損害33.attracting(v.)吸引34.exclusion(n.)排斥35.unemployment(n.)失業(yè)36.fastest-growing(adj.)增長最快的37.paying(adj.)有報(bào)酬的38.key(adj.)關(guān)鍵的39.network-based(adj.)基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的40.promoted(v.)宣傳41.additionalobstacles(n.)額外障礙42.consciously(adv.)有意識(shí)地43.expansion(n.)擴(kuò)張44.access(n.)接觸45.innovation(n.)創(chuàng)新46.widereconomy(n.)更廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)47.address(v.)解決48.unconscious(adj.)無意識(shí)的49.bias(n.)偏見50.recruitmentpractices(n.)招聘做法【閱讀理解習(xí)題】1.Accordingtotherecentdata,whichofthefollowinggroupsisseverelyunderrepresentedinthetechindustry?A)WhitesandAsians.B)BlacksandHispanics.C)Women.D)Men.Answer:B解析：文章提到黑人和拉丁裔在科技行業(yè)中嚴(yán)重缺乏代表，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.WhichtermisusedtodescribethehiringprocessinSiliconValley?A)Networking.B)Meritocracy.C)Mirrortocracy.D)Inclusivity.Answer:A解析：文章提到網(wǎng)絡(luò)推薦是硅谷招聘的關(guān)鍵，也說明了這種方法的重要性。3.Whatcouldbetheconsequenceofexclusionfromthetechindustryforminoritiesandwomen?A)Anincreaseincomputersciencejobs.B)Highersalariesforminoritygroups.C)Adecreaseinunemploymentrates.D)Higherunemploymentratesforthesegroups.Answer:D解析：文章提到少數(shù)族裔和女性在科技行業(yè)中處于劣勢(shì)地位，未來失業(yè)率可能會(huì)上升，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。4.Accordingtothearticle,whyisdiversityimportantforthetechindustry?A)Itwillmaketheindustrymorecompetitive.B)ItwilllowertheunemploymentrateforwhitesandAsians.C)Itwillcreatehigher-payingjobs.D)Itwilldecreasetheneedforreferralsinhiringpractices.Answer:A解析：文章提到科技行業(yè)的多樣化能夠增加吸引最優(yōu)秀人才和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)子的競爭力，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.WhatdoesMitchKaporsuggestistheproblemwiththetechindustry'shiringpractices?A)Itreliestooheavilyonreferrals.B)Itdoesnotfocusenoughondiversity.C)Ithirespeoplewholooklikethemselves.D)Itdoesnotofferequalopportunitiestominoritiesandwomen.Answer:C解析：MitchKapor認(rèn)為科技行業(yè)的招聘更像是“鏡中主義”，即大多數(shù)公司仍然雇傭長得和他們自己相似的人，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。6.WhatdoesLauraWeidmanPowersidentifyasthekeyfactorinSiliconValley'shiringprocess?A)Unconsciousbias.B)Referrals.C)Diversity.D)Meritocracy.Answer:B解析：文章中提到網(wǎng)絡(luò)推薦是硅谷招聘關(guān)鍵的方法，這也是LauraWeidmanPowers所發(fā)現(xiàn)的。7.Whatsuggestionismadeforaddressingthediversityprobleminthetechindustry?A)Consciouslymakingeffortstoovercomeunconsciousbias.B)Focusingonlyonpromotingminorityemployees.C)Endingallreferral-basedhiringpractices.D)Onlyexpandingaccesstocomputerscienceeducationforunderservedcommunities.Answer:A解析：文章提到硅谷需要專注于有意識(shí)地努力克服招聘和晉升過程中的無意識(shí)偏見，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。8.Whatdoesthearticlesuggestwillhappenifthetechindustrydiversifies?A)Itwillincreaseunemploymentrates.B)Itwilldecreasebusinessprofits.C)Itwillfosterinnovation.D)ItwillleadtolowersalariesforwhiteandAsianmen.Answer:C解析：文章提到多樣化會(huì)增加創(chuàng)新，最終會(huì)給企業(yè)和整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來顯著的回報(bào)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意?！救闹鹁鋵?duì)照翻譯】硅谷各大公司最近發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)了許多人的懷疑:科技行業(yè)沒有為少數(shù)族裔和女性提供平等的機(jī)會(huì)。RecentdatareleasedbymajorcompaniesinSiliconValleyconfirmwhatmanyhavesuspected:thetechindustryisnotofferingequalopportunitiestominoritiesandwomen.在科技行業(yè)的各個(gè)層面，包括大公司、初創(chuàng)公司和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司，黑人和西班牙裔員工的人數(shù)嚴(yán)重不足，女性員工的人數(shù)也不足。BlacksandHispanicsareseverelyunderrepresented,andwomenarealsounderrepresentedatalllevelsofthetechindustry,includinglargecorporations,startups,andventurecapitalfirms.卡普爾社會(huì)影響中心(KaporCenterforSocialImpact)聯(lián)合主席米奇?卡普爾(MitchKapor)表示，這個(gè)以精英統(tǒng)治為榮的行業(yè)，實(shí)際上更像是一種“鏡像統(tǒng)治”。Theindustrythatpridesitselfonbeingameritocracyis,inreality,morelikea"mirrortocracy,"accordingtoMitchKapor,co-chairoftheKaporCenterforSocialImpact.這意味著大多數(shù)公司仍然雇傭與自己相似的人，這可能會(huì)削弱硅谷在吸引最優(yōu)秀的人才和創(chuàng)意以創(chuàng)建下一個(gè)Facebook或谷歌方面的競爭力。ThismeansthatmostcompaniesstillhirepeoplewholooklikethemselveswhichcouldundermineSiliconValley'scompetitivenessinattractingthebestpeopleandideastocreatethenextFacebookorGoogle.將少數(shù)族裔和女性排除在科技行業(yè)之外，可能會(huì)增加這些群體的失業(yè)率，目前的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)是全國平均水平的三倍。Theexclusionofminoritiesandwomenfromthetechindustrycouldincreasetheunemploymentrateforthesegroups,whichisalreadythreetimesthenationalaverage.由于計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)工作是增長最快、收入最高的工作之一，這個(gè)問題尤其令人擔(dān)憂。Withcomputersciencejobsbeingthefastest-growingandamongthehighestpaying,thisissueisparticularlyconcerning.盡管如此，在硅谷，只有1/14的技術(shù)員工是黑人或西班牙裔。Despitethis,justonein14technicalemployeesinSiliconValleyisblackorHispanic.Code2040聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人勞拉?魏德曼?鮑爾斯(LauraWeidmanPowers)表示，關(guān)系網(wǎng)推動(dòng)著硅谷的招聘，而推薦是關(guān)鍵。AccordingtoLauraWeidmanPowers,co-founderofCode2040,networksdrivehiringinSiliconValleyandreferralsarekey.由于這種以網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)的方法，白人和亞裔男性比其他群體更有可能得到雇傭、晉升或資助。Becauseofthisnetwork-basedapproach,whiteandAsianmenaremorelikelytogethiredandpromotedorfundedthanothergroups.這種多樣性的缺乏使得非裔美國人和西班牙裔美國人很難進(jìn)入這個(gè)行業(yè)。Thi