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非謂語動詞定義非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞),即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以承擔句子的任何成分。在句子中充當除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞(theNon-FiniteVerbs)。非謂語動詞也是動詞的一種,他們有著動詞的其他特點,可以充當主語、賓語、狀語等。非謂語動詞與謂語動詞是相對的概念。形式功能動詞不定式不定式的全稱是“動詞不定式”,是一種非限定動詞,由不定式符號to+動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式具有動詞的特征,同時也有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。動詞不定式是一種非限定性動詞,由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成,但它還是屬于動詞,所以它本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語,還可用在復合結(jié)構(gòu)中,而且有完成式、進行式、完成進行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。否定式:not+(to)do以do為例,動詞不定式的構(gòu)成如下:(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后.例如:I'mnicetomeetyou.很高興見到你。Heseemstoknowalot.他看起來懂得很多。Weplantopayavisit.我們計劃花錢去參觀。Hewantstobeanartist.他想成為一個藝術(shù)家。Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.病人要求馬上手術(shù)。Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.老師要求完成工作。(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生,例如:Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.男孩假裝工作得很努力。Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.看起來他正在他的房間里面讀書。(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:Iregrettedhavingtoldalie.我后悔我說謊了。Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.我偶然看過這部電影。Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.他很高興能遇上他的朋友。不定式的句法功能:(1)作主語:Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項工作是很難的。Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.灰心意味著失敗。動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項工作是很難的。Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.灰心意味著失敗。常用句式有:1、It+be+名詞+todo。2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo。3、It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todo。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚或批評的形容詞,不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。(2)作表語:Herjobistocleanthehall.她的工作是打掃大廳。Heappearstohavecaughtacold.他似乎感冒了。(3)作賓語:常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如:MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的情況是很重要的。動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如:Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.我只能留在這里,別無選擇。HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.他上周日除了修他的自行車什么也沒干。動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如:HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.他給了我們一些學英語的建議。(4)作賓語補足語:在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.他有很多工作要做,所以沒去電影院。有些動詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態(tài)時,不定式要加to,如:Isawhimcrosstheroad.我看見他橫過公路。Hewasseentocrosstheroad.他被我看見橫過公路。(5)作定語:動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:①動賓關(guān)系:Ihaveameetingtoattend.我有一個會議要出席。注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.他找到了一個居住的好房子。Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.這個孩子無憂無慮。Whatdidyouopenitwith?你用什么打開它?如果不定式修飾time,place,way,可以省略介詞:Hehasnoplacetolive.他無處安身。Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.這是解決這個問題的最好辦法。如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:Haveyougotanythingtosend?你要送什么東西嗎?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?你有什么東西需要送嗎?②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.我們制定了一個完成工作的計劃。③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:Heisthefirsttogethere.他第一個來到這兒。(6)作狀語:①表目的:Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.他夜以繼日地工作來賺錢。Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.她賣掉了自己的頭發(fā)來買那條表鏈。注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:wrong:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.為了省錢,他使出了渾身解數(shù)。wrong:TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.為了學好英語,他需要一本詞典。②表結(jié)果(往往是與預期愿望相反的結(jié)果意料之外):常放在neveronly后Hearrivedlateonlytofindthetrainhadgone.他來晚了,只見火車已經(jīng)走了。Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語:①作時間狀語:(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工廠工作時,他是一名先進工人。②作原因狀語:BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團員,他經(jīng)常幫助他人。③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗。④作條件狀語:(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩,你就會浪費寶貴的時間。⑤作結(jié)果狀語:Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。⑥作目的狀語:Hewentswimmingtheotherday.幾天前他去游泳了。⑦作讓步狀語:Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。⑧與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格:Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.我等汽車時,一只鳥落到我頭上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習。有時也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點著燈睡著了。⑨作獨立成分:udgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.從外表看,他一定是個演員。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般說來,女孩子更細心。過去分詞過去分詞只有一種形式:規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求,要一一記住。1.過去分詞作定語:OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Thoseselectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.當選為委員的人將出席這次會。注意當過去分詞是單詞時,一般用于名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。2.過去分詞作表語:Thewindowisbroken.窗戶破了。Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意:be+過去分詞,如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu),如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)別:Thewindowisbroken.(系表)Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.(被動)有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的,不表示被動,只表示完成。如:boiledwater(開水)fallenleaves(落葉)newlyarrivedgoods(新到的貨)therisensun(升起的太陽)thechangedworld(變了的世界)這類過去分詞有:gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。3.過去分詞作賓語補足語:Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語:Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。4.過去分詞作狀語:Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到鄰居們的表揚,他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時間)Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.如果給予更多的時間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.雖然被告之有危險,他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。(表示讓步)Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進山洞。不定式1.“to”是不定式符號還是介詞,下列短語中的to都是介詞。agreeto,objectto,closeto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto2.帶to還是不帶toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.(但是:Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.)3.動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for作為標記的。但是有時用of.區(qū)別:當使用for時,句中形容詞修飾的是不定式;而用of時,句中形容詞修飾邏輯主語。It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.(necessary修飾tostudyhard,表示學習努力是有必要的)It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.(foolish修飾邏輯主語him)與of連用的形容詞有:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,…與for連用的通常是一些表示可能性、難易程度、必要性等含義的形容詞:possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary,…4.后接不定式作賓語的動詞有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.需要賓語補足語的動詞不能用動詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語,而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而說Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.5.不定式作賓語補足語時省略to的情況:若不定式前的謂語動詞是使役動詞make,let,have(表示“讓、使”)、感官動詞see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel時,不定式符號to可以省略。這些動詞亦可總結(jié)為口訣:“三使五看兩聽一感覺”。例如:Let's(to)go!走吧!Hesawthethief(to)stealalady’scellphone.注:改為被動句時要把to還原,例如:Thethiefwasseentostealalady’scellphone.6.不定式的省略。下列短語中,如果意義明確,常常省略到to。wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto7.不定式作定語,應注意兩種關(guān)系:1)動賓關(guān)系:Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).2)主謂關(guān)系:Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(邏輯主語是I)-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(邏輯主語不是I)8.不定式作狀語,可以有以下幾種意義:1)原因Heisluckytogethereontime.這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有:happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)結(jié)果Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.9.不定式作補足語Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.能跟不帶to的不定式作補足語的動詞有:see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice注:當這些詞為被動式時,不定式要帶to,如:Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.與謂語動詞的關(guān)系相同點(1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如:Theybuiltagarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.(2)都可以被狀語修飾:Thesuitfitshimverywell.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.(3)都有主動與被動,“體”式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。例如:Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.(謂語動詞被動語態(tài))Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.(動名詞的被動式)Wehavewrittenthecomposition.(謂語動詞的完成時)Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)(4)都可以有邏輯主語Theystartedtheworkatonce.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語)Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語)WeareLeaguemembers.(謂語動詞的主語)WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.(現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語)(5)否定式一般用not,并且放在非謂語動詞之前不同點(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。(4)謂語動詞在句中作謂語,受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制;非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語,它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。(5)英語中不能單獨做句子的謂語。非謂語動詞高考題精選1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.(MET88)A.grow

B.grew

C.wasgrowing

D.togrow2.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortableto____.(MET88)A.sit

B.siton

C.besat

D.besaton3.Shedidn'tremember____himbefore.(MET88)A.havingmetB.havemet

C.tomeetD.tohavingmet4.Mother____usstorieswhenwewereyoung.(MET88)A.wasusedtotell

B.isusedtotellingC.usedtotell

D.usedtotelling5.Goon____theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.(MET89)A.todo

B.doing

C.with

D.tobedoing6.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

—Oh,excellent.It'sworth____asecondtime.(MET89)A.toread

B.toberead

C.reading

D.beingread7.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree?(MET89)A.lay

B.lain

C.laying

D.lying8.Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.(MET89)A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed9.---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I'dliketohavethispackage,madam.(MET89)A.beweighedB.tobeweighed

C.toweigh

D.weighed10.Shepretended____mewhenIpassedby.(MET98)A.nottosee

B.notseeing

C.tonotsee

D.havingnotseen11.____moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.(MET90)A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven12.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invited

B.toinvite

C.beinginvited

D.hadbeeninvited13.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident____losehisjob.(MET90)A.sonotasto

B.soasnottoC.soastonot

D.notsoasto14.Shesearchedthetopofthehillandstopped____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.(MET90)A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torest

D.rest15.LastsummerItookacourseon_______.

(MET90)A.howtomakedress

B.howdressbemadeC.howtobemadedress

D.howdresstobemade16.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,____alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)A.toprepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.waspreparing17.She’supstairs____letters.(NMET91)A.writes

B.iswriting

C.write

D.writing18.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself____.(NMET91)A.hear

B.tohear

C.heating

D.heard19.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.(MET91)A.beingtied

B.havingtied

C.tobetied

D.tied20.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarket,____somebananasandvisitedhiscousin.

(MET91)A.bought

B.buying

C.tobuy

D.buy

21.Janewasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.(MET91)A.towash

B.washing

C.wash

D.tobewashing22.Mr.Smithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.

(MET91)A.nevertodrive

B.toneverdrive

C.neverdriving

D.neverdrive23.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,I____forgot.

(MET91)A.turningitoff

B.turnitoff

C.toturnitoff

D.havingturneditoff24.IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET91)A.sail

B.tosail

C.sailing

D.tohavesailed25.---Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?

(MET92)

---Which____doyourself?A.doyourrather

B.wouldyourather

C.willyourather

D.shouldyourather26.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET92)A.Notreceiving

B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived

D.Havingnotreceived27.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught____andletheroff.(NMET92)A.tohavestolen

B.tobestealing

C.tosteal

D.stealing28.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking29.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot____byboatforachange?(MET92)A.totrygoing

B.tryingtogo

C.totryandgo

D.trygoing30.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.(MET92)A.youtocall

B.youcall

C.yourcalling

D.you’recalling31.____isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(NMET92)A.Thewalk

B.Walking

C.Towalk

D.Walk32."Can'tyouread?"Marysaid____tothenotice.(MET93)A.a(chǎn)ngrilypointing

B.a(chǎn)ndpointangrilyC.a(chǎn)ngrilypointed

D.a(chǎn)ndangrilypointing33.Thecomputercenter,____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.

(MET93)A.open

B.opening

C.havingopened

D.opened34.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET93)A.toinvent

B.inventing

C.tohaveinvented

D.havinginvented35.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?

(MET93)A.totake

B.take

C.taking

D.tobetaking36.____downtheradio--thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.(MET93)A.Turning

B.Toturn

C.Turned

D.Turn37.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.(NMET94)A.havingadded

B.toadd

C.a(chǎn)dding

D.a(chǎn)dded38.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET94)A.havingwritten

B.tobewritten

C.beingwritten

D.written39.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.(NMET94)A.a(chǎn)rriving

B.toarrive

C.havingarrived

D.a(chǎn)ndarrived40.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET94)A.playing

B.tobeplaying

C.play

D.toplay41.Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET94)A.ride;rideB.riding;ride

C.ride;toride

D.toride;riding42.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That'sallright.(NMET94)A.lettingyounotknow

B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot

D.lettingnotyouknow43.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.(NMET95)A.learn

B.tolearn

C.learned

D.learning44.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.(NMET95)A.havingmet

B.meeting

C.tomeet

D.tohavemet45.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET95)A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.tohavedone

D.havingdone46.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.notto

B.nottodo

C.notdoit

D.donotto47.____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(NMET96)A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.Tolose48.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.(NMET96)A.toeatnot

B.eatingnot

C.nottoeat

D.noteating49.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(NMET97)A.togo

B.tohavegone

C.going

D.havinggone50.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.(NMET97)A.firstplaying

B.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayed

D.tobefirstplaying51.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)A.making

B.makes

C.made

D.tomake52.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_______itmoredifficult.(NMET99)A.notmakeB.nottomake

C.notmakingD.donotmake53.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor---"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater."

(NMET99)A.read

B.reads

C.toread

D.reading54.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expected

B.toexpect

C.tobeexpecting

D.expects55.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.

(NMET2000)A.carryout

B.carryingout

C.carriedout

D.tocarryout56.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001春招)A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingslept57.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand____them.(2001春招)A.correct

B.correcting

C.corrects

D.tocorrect58.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.(NMET2001)A.separated

Bspared

C.lost

D.missed59.____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(NMET2001)A.Havingsuffered

B.SufferingC.Tosuffer

D.Suffered60.Pricesofdailygoods_______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(2002春招)A.a(chǎn)rebought

B.bought

C.beenbought

D.buying

高三英語總復習語法專項練習非謂語動詞高考題選參考答案1.Asee是感官動詞,后接不帶to的動詞不定式做賓語補足語,表示從小看到長大成人的全過程。2.Bsit與chair有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。sit是不及物動詞,故需要介詞on,且tositon只能用主動表被動。"Itis+adj+todo"為固定句式,用主動表被動。3.A從原題中的before這一信息詞可暗示考生remember后接havingdone/doing/tohavedone等表示"記得做過了"。4.C從原題中whenwewereyoung這一信息句可判斷,應用usedto/would表示過去常常。A項:"被使用去做…"。B項:"現(xiàn)在習慣于做…"。D項是語法錯誤。5.A從原題中afteryouhavefinishedthisone和theotherexercise這一信息句可知,A項表示繼續(xù)做與原來不同的事。B、C項是表示繼續(xù)做與原來相同的事。D項不符合語法。6.Cbe(well)worthdoing是慣用法,其中doing是主動形式表示被動意思。7.Dlying是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,相當于whoislying這樣的定語從句。lie是不及物動詞"躺"的意思。8.Bnoise與follow之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞following作后置定語,相當于一個定語從句whichfollowedthesuddenburstoflight.9.D原題中的have只能理解成使役動詞,故havesth.done是找人干某事。如果把have理解成"有"的意思,答語應改為Ihaveapackagetobeweighed.10.Apretend后只接不定式作賓語,且not應放在不定式to之前。11.Agive與主句中的主語thetree之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,且從主句看,考生應知,這是一個表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句。故該句相當于Ifthetreehadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.12.A原題werefromSouthAfrica可知,theparty已開完。故用過去分詞作后置定語,表示被動和完成。13.Bsoasto相當于inorderto,它的否定式應放在不定式to之前。[注意]soasto不用于句首。14.Cstoptodosth.=stopanddosth.是停下來所做的事而去做另一件事。stopdoing是停止做某事。15.A疑問詞how加不定式,可作介詞的賓語。16.B用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。A項是不定式,可做目的狀語,但目的狀語前不用逗號。C、D屬語法錯誤。17.D可參看16題。18.Dmakeoneselfdone是慣用法。在本題的意思是:"使自己的聲音被別人聽到"。19.D在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,hands與tie之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系,故排除B項。tied不僅表示被動,還表示完成動作,故排除A、C項。20.A從原題中的最后一個動作andvisited可知,這是三個一連串的動作作謂語。

21.Amakesb.do這一句型變成被動語態(tài)時為:bemadetodosth.22.Awarnsb.not(never)todosth.是慣用法。23.Cforgettodosth.是"是忘記去做某事",forget與remember的用法一樣??蓞⒖?題。24.Cimagine后接動名詞作賓語。Peter是sailing的邏輯主語,也可寫成Peter's,它們合起來稱為動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。25.Bwouldratherdosth.是慣用

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