2019譯林版高中英語必修二Unit4 Exploring literature 知識清單（教師版）

。。。閱讀單詞認讀earnestadj.非常認真的；誠實的，真誠的shelln.貝殼；殼turkeyn.火雞；火雞肉chaptern.章節(jié)；篇章autobiographyn.自傳strainn.用勁，使力；壓力，拉力；重負weavevi.&vt.(weaved，weaved)迂回行進，穿行；(wove，woven)編mushyadj.糊狀的，軟而稠的biographyn.傳記，傳記作品重點單詞識記butterflyn.蝴蝶literaturen.文學(xué)，文學(xué)作品sensitiveadj.感覺敏銳的；體貼的；敏感的；靈敏的souln.靈魂；心性，內(nèi)心capableadj.有能力，有才能；能力強的awakenvt.&vi.喚起，被喚起；(使)醒來launchvt.使(船)下水；開始從事，發(fā)動n.上市；發(fā)射，發(fā)起containvt.包含，含有，容納elementn.要素，基本部分universaladj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的featuren.特色，特征vt.以……為特色，是……的特征authorn.作者，作家thereforeadv.因此，所以issuen.重要議題，爭論的問題；問題，擔(dān)憂；(報刊)一期vt.宣布，公布noveln.(長篇)小說upperadj.上部的；上面的gapn.差距；間隙contextn.(事情發(fā)生的)背景，環(huán)境，來龍去脈；上下文，語境specificadj.特定的；明確的，具體的topicn.話題；題目；標題sectionn.部分，部門；部件，散件meanadj.吝嗇的，小氣的；不善良的，刻薄的stagen.舞臺；階段；步驟vt.上演，舉辦destroyvt.摧毀，毀滅，破壞defeatvt.擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝n.失敗，戰(zhàn)敗；擊敗straightenvt.挺直；(使)變直，變正alongsideadv.在……旁邊；與……一起nobleadj.貴族的，高貴的；崇高的；宏偉的flashn.閃光；閃現(xiàn)vt.&vi.(使)閃光；(使)閃現(xiàn)核心詞匯拓展devotevt.致力于；獻身→devotedadj.忠實的，忠誠的；摯愛的→devotionn.奉獻；摯愛；忠誠appealvi.有吸引力；申訴；呼吁n.吸引力；申訴；呼吁，懇求→appealingadj.有吸引力的；懇求的determinevt.確定；支配；決心vi.決心→determinedadj.堅定的；下定決心的→determinationn.決心；決定significantadj.有重要意義的；顯著的→significancen.意義；重要性→significantlyadv.顯著的；意味深長地descriptionn.描述，形容，說明→describevt.描寫；形容；描繪reflectvt.&vi.反映，顯示；映出(影像)；反射(聲、光、熱等)；沉思→reflectionn.反映；思考；(聲、光、熱等的)反射；映像permanencen.永久，持久性→permanentadj.永久的summaryn.總結(jié)，概括，概要→summarisev.總結(jié)，概括；概述particularadj.特別的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularlyadv.特別，尤其collectionn.(同類)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collectvt.收集transportvt.運輸，運送n.交通運輸系統(tǒng)；交通車輛；運輸→transportationn.運輸；交通工具，運輸工具generosityn.慷慨，大方，寬宏大量→generousadj.慷慨的；大方的poetryn.詩集，詩歌→poetn.詩人→poemn.詩；韻文extremelyadv.極其，非常，極端→extremeadj.極其的；極端的n.極端；極限attemptvt.&n.努力，嘗試，試圖→attemptedadj.未遂的，企圖的accomplishvt.完成→accomplishmentn.成就；成績；完成→accomplishedadj.技藝高超的，熟練的confusedadj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混亂的→confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的→confusevt.使困惑/迷惑不解→confusionn.困惑；混淆核心短語速記devoteoneselfto致力，專心，獻身instore(forsb.)即將發(fā)生(在某人身上)，等待著(某人)insummary總的來說drawon憑借，利用oughtto應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)inparticular尤其，特別clearup(頭腦)清醒；使整潔，清理beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事appealto對……有吸引力；向……呼吁becapableof有能力；能夠liein在于pullon拉動holdon堅持；抓住takeon呈現(xiàn)；表現(xiàn)begoodat擅長，精通attempttodosth.嘗試做某事considerationn.考慮；體諒consultvt.咨詢；請教；商量contradictvt.反駁；相矛盾contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對立的contraryadj.相反的conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；因循守舊的controversialadj.有爭議的；引起爭議的conversationn.談話；交談convincevt.說服；使確信convincingadj.令人信服的Achildandamanwerewalkingonthebeachwhenthechildfoundashellandheldittohisear.(bedoing...when...正在做……這時……)一個孩子和一名男子正在海灘上散步，這時孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚貝殼，把它放到了耳邊。Whatamazedthechildwasnotanewworld,buttheunnoticedmusicoftheold.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句)讓孩子為之驚奇的其實不是一個新世界，而是舊世界那被人忽視的樂音。Behindeverybookisaman，behindthemanistherace，andbehindtheracearethenaturalandsocialenvironments.(全部倒裝)每本書背后都有一個人，此人身后是一個族群，這個族群背后是自然和社會環(huán)境。Inaword,wehavenowreachedapointwherewewishtoenjoyandunderstandliterature.(where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾一個表示抽象地點的名詞)總之，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了想要欣賞和理解文學(xué)的階段。NeverhaveIseenagreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother.(否定詞位于句首的部分倒裝)我從來沒有見過比你更龐大、更美麗、更冷靜或更高貴的東西，兄弟。Thefishrightedhimselfandswamoffagainslowlywiththegreattailweavingintheair.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))魚正正身子，又慢慢地游開，大尾巴在海面上繞來繞去。請先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。collection,generosity,reflect,appeal,devoteTherearemanyrespectablepeoplearoundus.Theymaybeourteachers,parentsoroneofourelders.Asforme,myuncleMarinesisthepersonIrespectmost.Now,Igiveyouabriefintroductionabouthim.Marinesisanoblemanbelongingtotheupperclass.He1.devoteshimselftoliteratureandhasmadesignificantachievements.Hehasalarge2.collectionofbooks,containingsomefamousclassicnovelswhichhavebeendonatedtothelocallibraries.Sopeopleinourtownrespecthimforhis3.generosity.Besides,hehasasensitivesoulandoftenshowssympathyfortheold.Irememberheoncetoldmethatnooneknowswhatlifehasinstoreforthem.Healso4.appealstosomeauthorstodonatesomeoftheirbookstothelibraries.Becauseofhiskindnessandgenerosity,somesuggestthatabiographyshouldbewrittenforhim.It5.reflectstheirearnestrespectformyuncle.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯devotevt.獻身；致力于；專心致志于(devotedadj.摯愛的；忠實的，忠誠的devotionn.奉獻；摯愛；忠誠)devote...to(doing)把……用在/獻給(做)某事上devoteoneselfto獻身；致力；專心bedevotedto(doing)sth.獻身于(做)某事；專心于(做)某事Wehavelearnedagreatdealfromherdevotion(devote)toliteratureandherattemptstohelpothers.Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)Devotedtocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)如果我被選中，我將努力成為一名合格的志愿者。希望您能考慮我的申請。(2019·全國Ⅰ，書面表達)IfIamchosen,Iwilldevotemyselftobeingaqualifiedvolunteer.Idohopethatyoucantakemyapplicationintoconsideration.appealvi.有感染力；有吸引力；呼吁；懇求；申訴n.呼吁；懇求；吸引力；申訴(appealingadj.有吸引力的；吸引人的；懇求的)appealtosb.forsth./todosth.為……向某人呼吁或請求/呼吁某人做某事makeanappealtosb.forsth./todosth.向某人呼吁……/懇求某人做某事AmongthecollectionsaresomedelicateChinesevases,whichappealtovisitorsfromallovertheworld.It’ssaidthattheartcollectionshownontheexhibitionwasappealing(appeal).我寫信呼吁大家積極參加建設(shè)美麗校園。(應(yīng)用文寫作之倡議書)Iamwritingtoappeal/makeanappealtoeveryonetotakeanactivepartinbuildingabeautifulcampus.determinevt.確定；支配；決心vi.決心(determinedadj.堅決的，下定決心的，意志堅定的determinationn.堅定；決心)determinetodosth.決心做某事(表動作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.決定(做)某事bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事(表狀態(tài))Thedetermined(determine)lookonhisfaceshowedthathehadenoughconfidenceinhimself.Ihavedeterminedongoing(go)tothecountrysideaftergraduation.Withstrongdetermination(determine)，oneisabletoovercomewhateverhardshipsanddangershemayencounter.聽到父母為如何支付下個月的家庭開支而爭吵，我決定把這110美元貢獻給家人。(2021·6月浙江，讀后續(xù)寫)Hearingmyparentsquarrelingabouthowtocovernextmonth’sfamilyexpenses,I(was)determinedtocontributethe110dollarstomyfamily.significantadj.有重要意義的，顯著的(significancen.意義，重要性significantlyadv.有重大意義地；顯著地；意味深長地)be＋of＋significance＝besignificantMostsignificantly(significant),I’dappreciateitifIcouldlearnsomebasiccomposingknowledgethroughyourlecture.Yourhelpwasverysignificanttome;withoutit,Iwouldn’thavebeensuccessful.→Yourhelpwasofgreatsignificancetome;withoutit,Iwouldn’thavebeensuccessful.用法點撥：常用于“be＋of＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有use,importance,help,benefit,value等，此結(jié)構(gòu)常等于“be＋該名詞的形容詞形式”。常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語有g(shù)reat,little,some,any,no,not,much等。reflectvt.&vi.反映，顯示；映出(影像)；反射(聲、光、熱等)；沉思(reflectionn.反射；反映；映像；思考)reflect...in...在……中映出……的影像bereflectedin倒映在；反映在reflecton/uponsth.反省/認真思考某事on/uponreflection再三考慮Itseemsbeautifulthatthetallbuildingsarereflected(reflect)inthelakearoundwhichtherearemanytrees.Insummary,yourperformanceasastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingon/uponhowyoulearn.我無意中聽到父母為家庭開支而爭吵，再三思考之后，我拿出錢給了我爸爸。(2021·6月浙江，讀后續(xù)寫)Ioverheardmyparentsquarrelingaboutfamilyexpenses,andon/uponreflection,Itookoutthemoneyandpresentedittomydad.containvt.包含，含有；容納；控制；抑制(containern.容器；集裝箱；貨柜)containoneself控制自己；自制contain側(cè)重于所含有的數(shù)量或成分；include側(cè)重于范圍，是整體和部分的關(guān)系。常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldhardlycontainhimself(he)jumpingupanddown.(讀后續(xù)寫之高興動作描寫)Theboxcontainsanumberofletters,includingthosefromheradmirersandherhusband’slettersincludedaswell.(contain/include)他無法控制自己的憤怒，轉(zhuǎn)過身來怒吼道：“到底是誰干的？”(讀后續(xù)寫之憤怒心理描寫)Unabletocontainhisanger,heturnedaroundandroaredangrily,“Whoonearthdidit?”particularadj.特別的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的(particularlyadv.特別，尤其)beparticularabout/over對……挑剔/講究inparticular尤其，特別ShelovesMarkTwain’snovelsinparticular,whicharefullofhumourandcriticism.Thegirlisonadiet.Therefore,sheisparticularabout/overthefood.在中國參加朋友的晚宴時，你最好行為舉止恰當(dāng)，尤其要注意你的餐桌禮儀。Whenyouattendyourfriend’sdinnerpartyinChina,you’dbetterbehaveproperly,particularlypayingattentiontoyourtablemanners/payingattentiontoyourtablemannersinparticular.attemptvt.&n.企圖，試圖；嘗試，努力(attemptedadj.未遂的，企圖的)attempttodo...嘗試/試圖做……makeanattempttodo/(at)doing...嘗試做……atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試inanattemptto企圖；試圖；為了Theyoungmanwasarrestedbecauseofanattempted(attempt)robbery.Theyspreadtalesaboutherinanattempttodevalue(貶低)herwork.我們試圖在黑暗中認出回家的路，但這是白費力氣。Wemadeanattemptto/attemptedtomakeoutthewaybackhomeinthedarkness,butinvain.如果你第一次嘗試失敗的話，沒必要太在意。(應(yīng)用文寫作之勸誡信)Ifyoufailatthefirstattempt,thereisnoneedtocareaboutthat.confusedadj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混亂的(confusevt.使糊涂；使迷惑confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的confusionn.不確定，困惑；混淆)confuse...with...把……和……混淆be/getconfusedwith/about對……感到困惑Thestudentswillgetconfused(confuse)abouttheknowledgeiftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawaytogetawayfromaconfusing(confuse)world.(2019·天津)Don’tconfusefluwithotherrespiratory(呼吸的)illnesses.Theyareslightlydifferent.Hewasconfusedwiththepresentsituationsohewasatalosswhattodonext.寫)Achildandamanwerewalkingonthebeachwhenthechildfoundashellandheldittohisear.一個孩子和一名男子正在海灘上散步，這時孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚貝殼，他把它放到了耳邊。bedoing...when...正在做……這時……beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……這時……h(huán)adjustdone...when...剛做了……這時……Theprofessorhadjustfinishedhisspeechwhenstudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.手里拿著罐子，我正匆忙上樓梯，突然我的一只赤腳卡在了一節(jié)臺階上。失去了平衡，我努力使自己穩(wěn)定下來，但是沒用。罐子從我指尖滑落，摔在了堅硬的泥土地上。我剛要去撿起地上的玻璃碎片，就聽到媽媽的聲音傳來：“發(fā)生了什么？”Withthejarinmyhand,Iwaswalkingupstairsinahurrywhenoneofmybarefeetgotstuckonthestep.Losingbalance,Itriedtosteadymyself,butinvain.Thejarslippingthroughmyfingers,itsmashedonthehard-as-rockmudfloor.Iwasabouttopickup/wasonthepointofpickingupthepiecesofglasswhenIheardmymom’svoice,“What’shappening?”Thefishrightedhimselfandswamoffagainslowlywiththegreattailweavingintheair.魚正正身子，又慢慢地游開，大尾巴在海面上繞來繞去?！皐ith＋賓語＋賓語補足語”稱為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作時間、原因、方式、伴隨狀語，可位于句首或句尾，亦可作后置定語。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可用形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等作賓語補足語。Withallthingstaken(take)intoconsideration,you’llfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttobandrugs.Withlotsofdifficultproblemstosettle(settle),thebosseshavenotimetogoonaholiday.看到孩子們?yōu)樗龅脑绮?，母親既高興又感動，淚水涌出了眼眶。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Atthesightofthebreakfastherchildrenmadeforher,themotherfelthappyandmovedwithtearswellingupinhereyes.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙appealA.vi.呼吁，懇請B.v.吸引C.n.吸引力D.vi.&vt.上訴，申訴TheBeatleshaveneverreallylosttheirappeal.CSheisnotsatisfiedwiththedecisionandplanstoappeal.DSportshavebecomeanimportantformofentertainment,appealingtobothmenandwomen.BThepoliceareappealingtothepublicforanyinformationaboutthemissinggirl.AcontainA.包含B.容納C.忍住，抑制Hearingthedisappointingnews,hewastoosadtocontainhimself.CItcontainsalotofpicturestakenduringmychildhood.Itkeepsarecordofmybirthatthehospital,myfirstsmileandmyfirstwalk.AThenewstadiumbeingconstructednowcancontain2,000people.B快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。Thepolicehaveissuedanappealforwitnesstothetrafficaccident.發(fā)出，宣布，公布TuYouyoudiscoveredanovelmethodtoextracttheusefulsubstance.新穎的Thelocaltheatregroupisstagingaproductionof“Hamlet”.上演，舉辦核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識Wehadjustgotintothehelicopterwhenthebeartoredownthefence.Shelikestojoininsocialactivities,annualcelebrationinparticular.I’mtryingtopersuadehimtogiveuptheattempttoearn(earn)hislivingbywriting.Thereissomeconfusion(confuse)aboutwhatthecorrectprocedureshouldbe.Theyoungman,tiredofpoorlife,wasdeterminedtogo(go)tothebigcitytotryhisfortune.Wordcamethattheconcertgivenbythebandconsistingof3teenagerswasappealing(appeal).Thescientistdevoteshimselftohisresearchwork—observethebehaviorofgorilla.Beforegoingabroad,learningaboutthatcountry’straditionisofgreatsignificance.Onreflection(reflect),theteacherdecidedtoselectJohninchargeoftheclassduringhisdeparture.Withsomanyproblemstosettle(settle),Ican’tgoouttoseeafilmwithyou.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(話題寫作之人物介紹)愛爾伯特·愛因斯坦，一個偉大的科學(xué)家，一生致力于他的科學(xué)研究。(devote)AlbertEinstein,agreatscientist,devotedhislifetohisscientificresearch.是在進入大學(xué)之后，他才下決心主修物理學(xué)的。(determine)Itwasafterenteringtheuniversitythathedeterminedtomajorinphysics.為了專注于研究，他離開歐洲去了美國。(attempt)Inanattempttoconcentrateonhisresearch,heleftEuropeforAmerica.由于將所有注意力都集中在研究上，他最終取得了很多的科學(xué)成就。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Withhisattentionfocusedonhisresearch,hefinallygotlotsofscientificachievements.我們所有人都欽佩他的偉大成就，尤其是“相對論”和獲得諾貝爾獎。(particular)Allofusadmirehimforhisgreatachievements,“TheTheoryofRelativity”andwinningtheNobelPrizeinparticular.微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]人物描寫sensitiveadj.感覺敏銳的；體貼的；敏感的；靈敏的meanadj.吝嗇的，小氣的；不善良的，刻薄的generosityn.慷慨，大方，寬宏大量confusedadj.糊涂的；迷惑的；不清楚的，混亂的動作描寫devoteoneselfto致力，專心，獻身determinevt.確定；支配；決心vi.決心drawon憑借，利用destroyvt.摧毀，毀滅，破壞attemptvt.&n.努力，嘗試，試圖accomplishvt.完成[續(xù)寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞完成以下語段。(改編自2021·6月浙江，讀后續(xù)寫)為了買他最喜歡的樂器，約翰決定利用這個假期來賺些錢。所以他致力于做農(nóng)場的工作。兩周后，工作結(jié)束了?？粗约旱氖杖?，他既欣喜又興奮。但父親的話摧毀了他的夢想。他很困惑，并且自言自語道：“為什么我的收入不是我的？”敏感的母親意識到了這一點。她拍了拍他的肩膀說：“你可以自由地使用自己的薪水。”聽到這些，約翰興奮得一句話都說不出來。他很感激母親的慷慨和理解。Inanattempttobuyhisfavouriteinstrument,Johndeterminedtodrawonthisholidaytoearnsomemoney.Sohedevotedhimselftodoingthefarmwork.Twoweekslater,theworkwasover.Seeinghisearnings,hewasoverjoyedandexcited.Buthisfather’swordsdestroyedhisdream.Hewasconfused,andsaidtohimself,“Whymyearningsnotbemine?”Thesensitivemotherwasawareofthis.Shepattedhimontheshoulderandsaid,“Youcanuseyourownsalaryfreely.”Hearingthis,Johnwastooexcitedtosayaword.Heappreciatedhismother’sgenerosityandunderstanding.詞形變化填空（每小題2分，共12分）Sheisadeterminedgirl,soweknowthatonceshehasdeterminedtodosomething,shewillmakeherdreamcometruewithgreatdetermination.(determine)Hegaveaspeechtoappealtoustoprotecttheenvironment,buthisspeechwasnotappealing.(appeal)LiLeiismydevotedfriend,whosedevotiontohisworkmovesallofus.(devote)ThesignificantdiscoveryofthenewgasfieldinSouthChinaSeaisofsignificancetoourcountry’seconomy.(significant)Thisgirldescribedwhatshehadseenandheard,givingavividdescriptionoftheeventasifshehadattendeditherself.(describe)Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,onreflection,Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.(reflect)Hewasarrestedforattemptedmurder.Heattemptedtokillhiswifemanytimes.(attempt)Hewasreallyconfusedbytheconfusingproblemwhichalsoconfusedotherpeopleforalongtime.(confuse)Afterhisfirstbookofpoetrywaspublished,thepoetbecamefamousnationwide.(poet)Hebegantocollectstampsatanearlyage,andnowhehasalargecollection.(collect)ItwasyourgeneroushelpandkindnessthatmademystudyandlifeintheUKenjoyable.Thanksforyourgenerosity.(generous)選詞填空（每小題3分，共18分）devoteoneselfto,instorefor,drawon,inparticular,beonthepointofdoingsth,ap