小馬機經(jīng)1月10日11范圍

110&11 24-5,不但可以避免答案E.g.99總分大于110分,不必要復議E.g.101托福考試出分后的三個月之內(nèi)都可以申請復議復議周期一般為2復議若成功(即分數(shù)有變化),ETS會將復議申請費全部還考生,因為復議成功表示原分數(shù)評判,ETS承擔責任及費用口語老師建議的步將自己的回答,然后聽自己的問題在哪反復,直到足夠流利,回答完整,自己滿E.g.三大類題目:絕對詞,對比型,隱藏all,3大類題目*每一類練習2篇=一共練習6篇文小馬機經(jīng)預測，小馬托福主講教1、托福閱讀和機經(jīng)的使用方2、寫作機經(jīng)使用建提前些好范文。就算不中標，也畢竟是，鍛煉自己的寫作3更完整使用手冊：各科機經(jīng)使用方法/建議1110&1119191251231.25托福寫作點1231.25托?？谡Z點131&21130130報 河1月免費點題課表+報App《小馬托?！稟PP掃《小馬批改》APP掃《小馬機經(jīng)》APP掃 App詳情 口口TaskWhichofthefollowingactivitieswouldyoudowithfriendsratherthanTakingaWatchinga ligence和highlymotivated現(xiàn)在的大學生經(jīng)常homesick，有什么解決的辦法？(141227ChooseONEoftheformsofthetechnologyinthelistand lwhyithasgreatimpactonpeople'slivesinyourcountry?Airne,computeror UsespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourWhichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthemostimportantformaintaininggood ngexercises,eatinghealthyfood,orgoingtobedearly?Describeapresentyouhavegiventoothers.ExinwhyyouthinkitisYourfriendswanttochangehimorherdiethabit,whataresomesuggestionsthatyouwouldgive?WhatdoyouliketododuringyourspareWhatisyourfavoritecetoWhatisthemostimportantqualitytheteachershouldhave?你認為作為老師最YouruniversityisnningtoallowstudentstowatchTVintheirsdormitories.Whatisyouropinion?WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchingTVindormitories?Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.Describeapresentyouhavegiventoothers.ExinwhyyouthinkitisDescribeatimewhenyoulearnedanewSomepeoplethinkstudentsshouldstudyintheclassroomwhileothersbelievetheyshouldvisitthemuseumorthezoo.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Someschoolsrequirestudentstotakepartincommunityserviceactivitiesafterschool.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestactivityforstudents?1.ntingflowersinthecommunity2.ngclean--‐upsinthegarden3.recyclingWhatdoyouthinkweshoulddotodecreasetheusageofcarorothervehicleandsolvethetrafficproblems?Yourfriendoftenfeelsnervouswhenspeakinginfrontofalargegroupofpeople.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoyourfriendto ethisfear?Talkabouttwosingerswhoarepopularinyourcountry.Exinwhytheyarepopularandhowtheyaredifferent.Describehowschangepeople’slives.Pleasegiveyouranswerwithspecificexamplesanddetails.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostsignificantbenefitthatinternetbringstoourlife?Exinwhyyouthinkthisbenefitisimportant.Pleaseincludereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.Talkaboutanimportantdecisionthatyouhavemade.Exinwhythisdecisionwasimportantforyouindetails。 I’dliketolearnmoreaboutismyteacherTonyforthefollowingFirst,itseemstomethatheknowsabouteverything.Hecananswerallofourquestions,math,science,liture,younameit.I’dliketofindoutwhatkindsofbookshereadssoIcanbeasknowledgeableashim.Second,he’sthefunniestguyIknow.He’salwayslingjokesinclass.Wenevergetboredbecausehegetsourfullattention.Lotsofthestorieshelsarefromhislife.IhopeIcanliveanamazinglifewhenIgrowup,justlikehim.TaskTaskWhengoingonvacations,somepeopleprefertogocamintents;othersprefertostayinhos.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Someofusliketolearnbyourselves.Othersliketotaketheopportunityandshareyourideaswithothers.Whatkindof areyouandwhy?Doyouprefertoliveinaresidencewheretherearestrictrules(suchasrulesagainstmakingloudnoisesatnight),ordoyouprefertoliveinaresidencewithoutstrictrules.Somepeoplethinkstudentsshouldstudyintheclassroomwhileothersbelievetheyshouldvisitthemuseumorthezoo.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Thesuccessofaschoollargelydependsontheresourcesithassuchastextbooksandjournals.Doyoupreferajobwhichrequiresyoutocommunicationwithothers,ordoyoupreferajobwhereyouworkalone.Somepeoplepreferajobwhichdealswiththesametaskseveryday.Otherspreferajobwhichdealswithmanydifferenttasks.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Someonelikestocollectoldthings,someonethrowthingsawayaftertheyitWhat’syourpreference(141228Wouldyouliketomakefriendswiththesameinterestsortheonewithdifferentinterests?你同不同意找朋友要選擇有相同的的人？Agreeordisagreestudentsshoulddopart--‐timejobbeforeattendingcollege.有人認為，在上大學之前應該有workexperience，suchasngapart--‐timejob。你Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?Teachersshouldmaketheirlessonsfun.Doyouprefertodoajobwhichrequiresyoutotravelalot,orajobthatallowsyoutoworkatafixedlocation?Doyoupreferajobwhichrequiresyoutocommunicationwithothers,ordoyoupreferajobwhereyouworkalone.Somepeoplebelievethatitisbetterforsmallchildrentogrowupinasmalltown.Others,however,believethatit’sbetterforthemtogrowupinabigcity.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Whenyoutakeatripdoyouprefertojustlookaroundordoyouprefertotakepicturesandkeepajournal?(141228已考)Doyouprefertohavefastfoodinafast--‐foodrestaurant,ordoyoupreferhavefoodinotherkindsofSomepeopleprefertogotothesameceforavacation.Othersprefertogotodifferentcesandspendlesstimeateachce.Whichdoyouprefer?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:peoplelivehealthierlivesnowthantheydid100yearsago?Pleaseusespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatit'simportantforstudentstostudyArtandMusicinschool.Exinyouranswerindetails.Whiletraveling,somepeopleprefertogotonewces;othersprefertovisitfamiliarces.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Exinwhy.是否同意itisbettertobeamemberofateamthantobealeaderofaTaskTaskjazzband要在afternoon在校園的lawn開concertwoman不滿意因為學生要學習，會打擾，evening更好2閱讀內(nèi)容:學校要展開環(huán)境保護項目,提高學生的環(huán)保意識,現(xiàn)在的環(huán)境專業(yè)在讀學生才能參加。男學生不同意。1現(xiàn)在大部分學生的環(huán)保意識已經(jīng)非常強烈出門都會關(guān)燈,不存告示里說的環(huán)保意識薄弱的現(xiàn)象,學校的樣本數(shù)據(jù)太小。2:項目應該向全體學生成員開放特3學生建議大學提供機會讓學生可以和校外的mentor交流,在校外的office里。不僅討論學生活動,并且對今后找工作有幫助。里這個提議。1.學生都太忙了,沒有時間到校外的office去和mentor交流,其實學校里就有一個studentcenter可以解決這些問題。2.可以問父母,academicadvisor和professor了解這些信息。太多人給信息反而讓學生confused。45加。:男學生不同意。6閱讀,學校希望學生報紙,兩種方法提高讀者數(shù)量,降價和。,女學生不1價格已經(jīng)很便宜了50分,價格沒什么影響。27【】:學生propose學校應該新生在第一年開學之前,給他們futureroommate的contactinfo:地址和:好處1、可以讓新生們早點互相認識,省的到時候開學沒人認識。好處2、還可以n到時候帶去的東西,省下空間以免浪費?！緦W生議論】:woman很贊成:第一點是能讓學生在進學校之前就和自己的futureroommate聯(lián)系生提前和自己的futureroommate商量。因為學校的宿舍很小,如果帶了很多行李stuff學校要把concert舉辦到校外去,一來給學生多一些機會鍛煉,二來可以提高學校的reputation,引起schoolchild學音樂的。男的支持,因為一來現(xiàn)在每年只有一次的proposal:astudentsuggest館限制借書,最多借十本,因為1.大多數(shù)人一次借的太多,看不過來2.許多人借的時間太長,都丟了,這樣可以減少館每年丟書的數(shù)目。:1要給好幾個科目寫paper,喜歡用很多書,至少20本,而且所借的書都會看。2Aletterfromastudentsaysthattheuniversityshouldimposeonmonetarypenaltiesforpeoplewholitteroncampusforthefollowingtworeasons.First,itcanmakeuniversitycleaning.Second,theuniversitycangetlotofextramoney.Intheconversation,thewomansupportsthisnforthefollowingtworeasons.First,herhometownwasdirtyatfirstbutwhenhertownissuedsuch,thetownescleaner.Second,theuniversitycansavealotofmoneysinceitdoesnothavetopayemployeestocleanupthe文章:說要把一個oncampus劇院關(guān)掉,移到外面的一個地方,這樣的好處有:1.外面的劇院更大,就有的人去。2.外面的light和sound系統(tǒng)更好。:男生不同意,說1.太遠了,不方面,不想去2.我們不是PROFETIONAL的,所以沒有受訓練,去用更好SYSTEM也許還更差?！緦W校通知】:信里建議把mathbuilding的一層改成cafeteria。ConvertlargeemptyroominMathsbuildingintosmallcafeteria.Studentcaneatbetweenclasses2)installrechargeoutletsinnewcafeteriasostudentcanrechargetheirlaptops.【學生意見】:女的贊成,說好啊,現(xiàn)在吃飯的地方在studentcenter,離building好遠,上課間隙來來回回很趕,要是能在一層吃東西會朋友該多好,然后又說數(shù)學系的樓太舊了,cafeteria可以rechargelaptop這樣很方便,而且還可以在那干點別的事。(studentsalwaysuselaptopsduringclasses--‐allowsstudentstorecharge【學校通知】:校報登了封信,說要對學校大禮堂(ar)整修,首先要改進音響系統(tǒng),然neissy【學生意見】:里同意。第一學校禮堂音響系統(tǒng)確實非常爛,她有時候自己組織讀work。第二,olnesystmsInthesetofmaterials,thereadingpartmentionedthattheschool’shallneedstoberenovated.Andtherearetwowaysofimproving.Oneistoimprovethestereosystem;andanotheroneistointroducetheonlineticketssystem.Thewomantotallyagreedwiththisproposal.First,fromherexperience,itisreallyagiantproblemforthestereosystem.Themicrophoneoftendoesn’tworkduringthepoemcompetition,whichgaveabadambianceforthem.Inaddition,shebelievestheonlinesystemshouldbeveryeffective,whichcaneasilysolvetheproblem.Thisisbecausethehallisquitefarfromtheclassroom,notconvenience.Andsometimesthequeuewasalsoquitelong.Reading—Announcement:theschoolisnningtoprohibitstudentsridebicyclesoncampusbecausetherecouldbeaccidents.Instead,theschoolwouldbusAttitude:Listening—Reason1Schoolwillremovethepostersontheconcretewalloutsidethestudentcenter.thebulletinboard.first，theconcretewallwouldbeboringwithoutthechangingposters.Differentposterscanshowdifferent second，noteverybodyeatinginthedininghall.Studentsmaychoosetoeatinthesnackbaroronthestreet.Sopostersinthedininghallwillnotbenoticedby【Proposal】StudentsshouldbeallowedtousecellphonesintheStudentscantalkwithalowervoiceandOccasionally,studentsneedtomakeemergencycalls.Thegirldisagrees.Itdoesn’tThelibraryshouldbequiet.Ifstudentstalkwithalowervoiceorwhisper,theycannotbeheard,sotheywouldhavetotalkloudlyandmakenoise,whichwillcausethedistractionstootherstudents.Ifstudentsgetemergencycalls,theycangoouttocheckmessages.Normally,urgentcallswillbedeliveredbymessages.19（141123已考TopicTheUniversityisnningtoinstallcomputersineverydormbuildingandwomanintheconversationsupportsthisn.First,theuniversitybelievesthatwithcomputersavailableineverydormbuilding,studentswillbeabletoreceiveandsendtheirassignmentsorstotheirprofessorsmoreefficiently.Butthere’sarulethateachstudentcouldonlyusecomputersnomorethan10mints,whensomeoneelseiswaiting.Thewomantotallyagreeswiththisnbecausefirstly,sometimessheforgetstocheckdirectionsonlinewhenshehasalreadywentoutthedorm.Soifthereisacomputerinthelobby,shedoesn’thavetogobacktothefloor.Secondly,limitingtheusingtimewillpreventstudentsfromtytheiressaysandoccupyingthesecomputersforalongtime.【個人倡議】一學生建議關(guān)閉coffeehouse.因為這個地方很少有人來不是一個聚會的好【學生態(tài)度】和男生討論這建議:理由1:很多學生白天有課,但晚上有時間經(jīng)常在coffeehouse聚會,hangoutordosomereading.理由2:afterrenovation,這個地方NewspapertoPostOffcampusJobThenewspaperwillfeatureajoblistingoflocaloff--‐campus1stucominaboutshortageof2helpstufindjobsrelatedtotheirmajorsSheagrees.1.Whenshewasfreshmanshewenttomanyceslikeabookstoretoapplyforjob.Shedidnotgetone.Theoffersgivenbytheuniversityaretakentoofast.Itisveryfrustrating.Asafreshman,shewasnotfamiliarwiththearea.Shedidnotknowwheretogotofindajob2Herfriendwhomajoysinlawwantstoknowhowalawyerworks.Butsheworksinabookstorewhichisnotbeneficialforhercareerinthelongterm.Ifshecanfindajobasalawyer,shewillhavesthgoodonherresume.閱讀說大一學生需要得到幫助，學校會把小組改為20人， TaskTask1【】naturalconsequence閱讀講的小孩做錯事,大人口語不用懲罰,由著做錯事的一天女兒還是把玩具放在后院,教授沒有幫收拾,那天晚上下雨,把玩具損壞了,女兒在這anticipatedemotion。人們采取行動之前會對自己做了這個事情之后會有一個怎樣的心情3一個物種吃海豹，其他的對海豹無害。而這種吃海豹的海獺發(fā)出的sound是單一的，overandoveragain.而其他的發(fā)出的則morecomplex，likemusic。所以海豹可以通過區(qū)別這個聲音來判斷是不是它們的predator。如果是的話就趕快runaway，如果不是就不會45 【教授舉例】教授說他曾經(jīng)參加一個會,了,會議中他向chief提了個關(guān)于newcourse的問題,chief很生氣因為在會議開始時他這次會不討論這個問題,他認為教授是故意忽略他的announcement,但教授其實是了沒聽見.6lecture很簡單,就一個例子,教他3歲的女兒washhands,不要認為,這就是oneaction,要分開教,5步,turnonthewater,wetthehands,putonsoap,washhands,turnoff7閱讀:講了生態(tài)學中的cyclicpopulationchange,說在一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(ecosystem)中,生物之間的數(shù)量(population)是互相影響的,捕食者(predator)和食者(prey)的數(shù)量有一個間互相影響。分三個階段:(1)preymice)多,predator食物充足,population增加;(2)prey少了,predator食物減少了,population減少;(3)predator少了,prey又開始多起來了,如此循環(huán),population平衡。教授說實際上第三階段就是第一階段,因為是cyclic,【】Closecommunicationbias是講你跟你很熟悉的人反而交流有,因為你他們經(jīng)常去意大利餐館吃飯。他決定和新來的教授和以前的教授一起去吃個飯。跟新來的 9【講座舉例】:例子是一個臨海的town不僅有美麗的海灘,還有一個特點是可以騎單車,所以這個town就用這個特點吸引一些喜歡運動的游客,主打運動項目牌。集中宣傳來這個town不僅可以欣賞美麗的海灘,還能打排球,騎單車,參加各種運動項目。這么做的結(jié)果就是吸引了很多active的年輕人,town里的旅館,飯店都蓬勃發(fā)展了。最后自然這個town:interestboosting:教學中常用的一種技巧(technique)的知識和學生現(xiàn)有聯(lián)系起來(connectedwithwhatthestudentsareinterestedin),學生就能學的更有效率。教授舉例:他老婆是學校里的老師,教化學的。有一次要講MarieCurie.但開始學生們都不感也不能集中精力,后來他老婆找到一個關(guān)于居里夫人的,說了一些發(fā)明和故事,而且里還有演員是很popular學生很喜歡的。所以很多對感的同學也就開始對居里夫人感,注意力很容易就集中了。問題:用教授的例子解釋什么是interestc開頭的feeding。兩種物種的共生關(guān)系。其中一種能從這種關(guān)系取得好處,另一個不受影響。給例子是給了一種鳥和cattle的例子。這種鳥吃一種昆蟲。這種鳥跟隨cattle。當cattle吃草的時候鳥就容易找到那個昆蟲,cattle不受影響。Assimilation theywillfillitinthatcategory,thisis modation的我記不清了，Whenshesawabirdshewouldshout”:bird!Bird!“Sinceithaswingsandfeathersanditcanfly.Later,whentheprofessortookJennytothezooandsawostrich,shedidnotknowitwasabird.Theprofessoraskedher:“whatisit?"Shehesitatedtosay:“itisabird".教授女兒很小，當看見有鳥飛的時候，讓小孩說BIRD，在腦子里，鳥的概念就是小的【講座舉例】一個想要research一個exercise可不可以緩解officeworker的疲勞。把一個building分成兩組，并告知做ex的那一組告訴不做的那一組。結(jié)果幾星期過去了，實驗組的有人就跟對照組的人感嘆啊，說做了這個ex神清氣爽啊，結(jié)果對照組的人但是這個人很擅長設(shè)計軟件，但是不擅長管理，不能在deadline之前完成工作，不能Reading—TestCustomer:inordertoseewhetheremployee’sperformance,theemployermighthirea‘customer’thatmakespurchasesinthestorejustlikeregularcustomersdo,thenthehired‘customer’reportstotheemployerabouttheemployee’sperformance.Listening—一個餐廳的manager找一個人當testcustomer，來測試員工的服務(wù)是否到Reading—Colorationwarning:Animalshavespecialcolororotherfeaturesthatsurprise/startlethepredators,sothenexttimewhenpredatorsseethem,theywouldn’tcomeclose.Listening—Skunk【臭鼬】Thepredatorofskunkiswolf.Whenwolvesapproach,theywouldemitauniquescenttodrivethewolvesaway.Skunkhasboldblackandwhitecolorationwhichmakestheirappearancememorable.Sothenexttimewhenwolvesseeskunk,theyknowtostayawayinordertoavoidbeingsprayedbytheConvergentevolutiontheprocessinwhichunrelatedanimal’sdevelopesimilartraits.Exampleusedwastheaawkward,apiglikeanimal,andechidna,asmallanimalinAfrica.Bothanimalseatthesameinsectswholivesincomplexlymudholes.Bothdevelopedlongstickytonguesthatcanbeusedtoeattheinsect.20（141123已考Learntransfer.b.Positivetransfer.教授分別舉例，Positivetransfer.舉了教授自己的例子。小時候?qū)W習鋼琴，不看琴鍵，只看樂譜。后來到高中學習打字，只看屏幕，不看鍵盤。很Helpful.部分：Negativetransfer舉了教授朋友的例子。以前是舞臺劇演員，習慣了大聲念臺詞，后來做movieactor，不需要大聲了，但還總是大聲。此為negativetransfer.學transfer.教授分別舉例：Positivetransfer.舉了教授自己的例子。小時候?qū)W習鋼琴，不看了教授朋友的例子。以前是舞臺劇演員，習慣了大聲念臺詞，后來做movieactor，不需要大聲了，但還總是大聲。此為negativetransfer?！尽?心理學。軌跡法(methodofloci)。借助軌跡法按順序image東西的方法。選的東西要vivid,更好記。【教授舉例】:教授舉了個記namesofnets的例子。記namesofnets時可把每一個行星的名字當作一個去studentcenter的標志去:比如你要fromyourdormtostudentcenterThefirstthingyouseeisthefrontdoor,thenthetree,thenthestatusinfrontoflibrarythenthebuilding。再一一對應,比如tomemorizenamesofnetsinsolarsystem,makeMercuryasfrontdoor,Venusastreeetc。當考試時你就dothesamething,用這些door,tree幫助自己回憶起names。TaskTask1 【1個問題】themancan'tfindhiscamerabeforehistriptoSpain.男生在springbreak要去西班牙玩,準備拍照,但是數(shù)碼相機丟了【2個建議】hecaneitherbuyanewone,orborrowonefromhisfriendJake.讓他買,但是他說沒有enoughmoney,他自己說他朋友(貌似說了具體的名字)可以借給他,但是他不想用,說:對,萬一broken或者stolen就不好了Intheconversation,themannsatriptoSpainduringthespringbreak,butunfortunay,hecan'tfindhiscamera.Heissoupsetbecausehecan'ttakepicturesthere.Thewomanofferstwopossiblesolutions.Oneistobuyanewone,andanotherchoiceistoborrowacameraformhisfriend.Thefirstchoiceseemsimpossiblebecausehecan'taffordanewcamera.Andhealsodoesn'twanttoborrowfromhisfriendthoughit'savailable.Thewomanagreeswithhim,becauseifthecameraisbrokenorstolen,itwillalsobeaproblem.Andifitweremychoice,Iwillchoosethelatterone.Iwouldliketotakepicturesverymuchduringmytrip,andnowthatIcan'taffordanewcamera,borrowingone esagoodalternative.Thoughitisattheriskofbeingbrokenorstolen,aslongaswearecarefulenough,itwon'tbeaproblem.34一個男生管借了筆記,約好了今天早上還回去,但是早上聯(lián)系不到,明天就要考試了,5【1個問題】男生的朋友給了他一張今天晚上去演唱會的門票,這個演唱會有他最喜歡的band的演出,但是男生有一個historypaperdue明天,所以有一個時間2個建議】他兩個選擇:1.去演唱會,回家再寫paper,但是要熬通宵。2.不去演唱會,把票給別人。(在結(jié)尾的時候男生提到這個演唱會X年一次,所以很可能沒有機會再次見到了)61、晚上向她室友借textbook，但室友也選了這門課，而且正在做，所以她只能等幾個小Brieflysummarizetheproblemandtwopossiblesolutions.Thenstatewhichsolutionyou mendandexinwhy.789man的roommate要搬到incampus,所以他要找一個新室友。倆solution,一個是前室友男生要打印東西,但是他要去學校和不方便,兩個方法,1從同學那買個二手的,但是比較容易壞,并且打印效果不好,2買新的,貴,但是男生還有兩年畢業(yè),可以買個新的也比較值【學生】找到了一個summerjob,并且在town找到了住房,不知道自己的宿舍怎么處理(女學生拿到了summerjob,但是希望summer后還能租住這個房子,其間怎么舍弄亂。2.兩邊房租都交,但下學期要買新電腦,如果兩邊都付了房租沒錢買電腦了。男生急著要完成藝術(shù)ppr,但必需要去um才能完成,而sm明天就要關(guān)門了,只給了兩個建議:(1)向負責paper的教授請求延遲交,男生說這樣教授會生氣的;(2)向今 開會可能。轉(zhuǎn)述男生的和方案,你的建議及理由。Problem:thewomanbrokeheranklewhileyingfootball,soshecannotridetoteachsomehighschoolstudents,andthereisnobuseither.Solution1:taxi-cash-expensive2:Askonefriendforaride-someoneoffersalready-owntofriend-longtimewaitingtook6classesthissemesterandshewasselectedtothewomen'sbasketballteam【解決方案】:自己說出方案1:toquitthebasketballteam,sinceittakestoomuchtime。男生說她gotintheteamafterseveraltimesofapplication,放棄了很shameful。男生說出方案2:todropsomeclasseswhicharenotsoimportant。反正也不是requiredclasses。但說goodscoresinextraclassesmaymakehercompetitivetoattendagraduateschool。有個男學生Sam負責在學校放,然后這星期他還請到了professor來介紹(在電影放映前)。但是professor臨時家里有急事就cancel了這個lecture。Sam自己就想了兩種解決辦法,一個是reschedule,但是怕好多學生臨時沒看到通知還是去了。另外一種是他自己準備材料講,但是就會少了Q&A環(huán)節(jié),因為他沒辦法回答學生問題?！緦W生問題】gg碰到的問題:要在的newspaper上章,但是處理出現(xiàn)些問題【解決方法】mm推薦方法1,不要放上去。但是gg覺得這樣文章缺少。方Problem:Thewomanisattendingay,butshe’sbusywithherschoolwork,soshe’safraidthatattendingtheymightinfluenceheracademicperformance.Solution1:QuittheyComment:she’smajoringintheater,andsheisnotattendingtheyjustforfun,itsbeneficialforhercareerSolution2:Dropsomeoftherequiredclasses,takethemnextsemesterComment:shehastostartoverontheseclasses,it’salotoftroublethemanhasa ：hewantstoattendafilmdiscussionmeetingtomorrowbuthealsohastodinewithhiscousintomorrow.two1thewomandineswithcousinforthemanadvantage：Cousinwillknowmoredisadvantage：thecousinisshy，diningwiththewomanmaybe 2themanwillnotattendthemeeting.disadvantage：thefilmdiscussionmeetingisreally【Problem】ThemanintheconversationattendsaclubandtheywouldliketraveltoFrance,buthedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytopayfortheneHecanworkextratenhourseverydayattheHecansellhisguitartopayfortheticket.Hehasn’tbeenusinghisguitarforalongtime.23（141123已考TopicThewomanandherclubmemberswerenningtogoonanoutdooractivitybutthatcewasshutdownatthelastminuteduetosomeemergenciesandtheyalreadypaidthebusfeeswhicharenon--‐refundable.Inordertosolvethisproblem,theyhavetwosolutions:theycaneitherarrangethetriptothewaterfallsortothesciencemuseuminstead.IfIwereher,Iwouldchoosethesecondsolutionsfortworeasons.First,mostofthemembershavealreadybeentothewaterfall,soitmightbelessinterestingIftheygothereagain.What’smore,nninganewtriptothesciencemuseumwillmakepeoplefeelexcitedbecausetheexhibitionstherearefrequentlyupdated.【學生問題】的問題是:要做一個projectaboutfilmclass,今天要拍但是有雨,而且還兩個解決方案:1)可以轉(zhuǎn)向building用這里的scenes。2)可能明天拍,因為明天weatheringbetter,但是問題是明天她需要編輯,并要完成這個project,沒有時間。TaskTask【2種原因】(1)advanceintechnologyeg.betterprintingdevisesandfasterprintingprocess,sotheamountofnewspaperswasincreasing;(2)publishersbasedtheirfundmoreheavilyontheadvertisements,soitcostpeoplelessmoneytobuy3關(guān)于解決土壤鹽堿化的兩個solution。1,用pipe的salt帶回來。2.種植能在saltsoil生長的植物。4對于Marketing,投資一般很大,小企業(yè)怎么辦?兩個方法:1,聚焦客戶群:比如社區(qū)修電腦的僅在當?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)報紙的科技版面登載;2,與大品牌聯(lián)合JointMarketing:比如還是修電腦的可以將放在社區(qū)最大電腦銷售商店的Leaflet上面一起推銷。5 房作為例子,前者是你如果要建先要花大筆錢買器具,之后才能賺錢;后者是如果已經(jīng)有了一6Protectingmethodofsomefishinthedeepseauselight:1toconfusethepredator---deepseashrimp:burstoutlightfromitsmouth,directlytothefacepredator,thenescape2tocovertheblackshadowofitself---hatchingfish(?不確定):constantlightinitsstomach,camouflagetheshadowmadebyitsbody,sothepredatorwon'tseeit.7關(guān)于comparativemarketing，在中對比自己競爭者的products，說自己的產(chǎn)品1、反而讓消費者記住競爭對手的名字（以softdrink為例，因為中提到了對手名字，消費者把這名字與tastegood聯(lián)系在一起）。8心理學中的reinment,分為positivereinment和negativereinment兩種,即增加能夠激發(fā)個人的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。教授具體舉了兩個能實現(xiàn)早起上班的例子。(1)positive(addthepleasure):早起自己好的food,這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種behavior2)negative(removetheunpleasantbehavior),不喜歡早上shower,那么可以改在晚上,這樣人也就不會那么討厭早起了。9（141213已考【講座大意】wildfire,盡管wildfire可以給動物造成damage但是也可以帶來好處:1.能給動物提供棲息地(shelterforthemselvesandyoung),提供了更好的survive的環(huán)境,比如給woodpecker,提供branch去居住(在燒過的樹洞里筑巢)。2.能給把舊的植物wipeout,給新的植物生長帶來條件,比如給deer,新的植物更nutritious,greenanddelicious,whicharemoreattractivetodeer.告要在孩子們喜歡的電視的時間段,第二個好像是要和實際的產(chǎn)品結(jié)合。舉的例子似乎是他女兒和朋友們有個小玩具,然后最近要有關(guān)于這個玩具的上映了?！局v座要點】動物如何向同類傳遞信號(alarmsignal)。兩種信號:1,call。舉個例子,鳥大叫,像哭一樣,其他成員聽到后,通知同伴捕食者就在附近。2,化學信號。魚(salmon)是通過身上皮膚破損后釋放味道之類的化學信號(chemicalsubstance)Twothingsancienthumanlearnedtokeepthefireburning.第一,technicalknowledge.發(fā)現(xiàn)木頭燒完后firedieout.偶然明白木頭是,要keepburning,就要addwood.這是Technicalunderstanding。第二,socialskills如果大家同時睡覺,火就Theprofessorintroducestwobenefitsoffloodingtofarming.First,itcarrieswithfinesoil.Forexample,whenwaterfloodedtothecorps,itbringswithsilts,whichisessentialforcorpstogrowsofarmerscanexpectgoodresults.Second,ithelpedwithirragtion.Forexample,farmerscancontroltheflowofwateranddirectittotheceswherewaterisneeded.人利用洪水有2方式。首先，水上升帶來肥沃的土，其次，用channelthewatertotheceswhichneedthewaterandusethewatertoirrigarionthoselandfarfromthe15（141206A卷已考children的socialskills是怎么培養(yǎng)的。1.3--‐4歲的時候雖然在一起玩,但是是做不同的事。比如用block玩的時候,有一個可能拼車,有的可能干其他的什么(忘了)。2.56歲的時候,孩子一起玩就是corporation了,比如玩block的時候,很多人交談,然后一起決定【講座】mechanismthatanimalusetosurvivefromwater【相關(guān)例子】oneisattainment,blackflylarva.thesecondisthickbody補充:兩種動物,blackflylarva和splince(音譯)為什么可以在激流中保持不動,那個larva好象是因為hand&hook,所以可以touchthebottomofriver.第二個好像身體里有一個Thelecturelsusaboutthemechanismthattheanimalusetosurvivefromwatercurrent.Theprofessorgivestwoexamples.Oneistheblackflylarvaandtheotherissplince.Theblackflylarvacanstayunderthewaterwithoutbeingflushawaybecauseits'handsandhooks'cantouchthebottomoftheriver.Thesplincehasaspecialphysicalstructurewhichenablesitholdtightunderthewater.觀點1：從lowangle拍顯得比較powerful例子1：QueenofEngland中的queen就采用lowangle拍攝觀點2：從highangle拍顯得角色比較powerless例子2：拍一個沙漠中的，如果俯拍就顯得他觀點1：我們在之前對它們有所了解1：classicalmusicconcert，多；但是學習過音樂的人卻可以記住其中的觀點2：例子2：在大教室中上課，人們更容易記住特別的人，比如 productrepackaging:twoconditionscompanieswoulddosothefirstconditionisinresponsetonewtechnologyormaterialavailableforpackagingtheexampleusedwasmilkbottlesfromglasstosticmoredurableandcheap.Secondconditionisinresponsetocompetitionfromcompetitors.Exampleusedwasmilkagain.it'scompetitorssellingjuicesnteastartedtosellinsmallernmoreportablesizesitchangeditsproductsintosmallerandmoreportablesizestorespondtocompetitormarketchange.21（141123已考Loonbirdshavetwotypesoffeathertoprotecttheminthecoldwater,theyarewaterbirdsliveincoldclimateinnorthAmerica,1st,counterfeit(的東西),featherwhichistheouterlayerofthebirds’body.Thistypeoffeatherkeepsthebirdsdry,itispackedtightlyandoilywhichkeepthewatergoingintothebody.2ndtype,isdownfeather,whichkeepsthebirdwarm.Itisdenseandthickandismakeofsoftfluffymaterial.Soitpreventstheheatloosingforthebody.【講課要點】:biologyclass。深海魚類fishcanmakeelectriccurrentandtheycanbenefitfromitin2ways:用途1、用電流capture小魚,從而獲得food。舉例:eelcanproducestrongtoshockandparalyzesmallfish,andtheneatit用途2、用電流自衛(wèi)、逃避。舉例:一種叫做knifefish的魚。這種魚利用其身體產(chǎn)生的electriccurrentfield去explorethedarkenvironment。Ifthereisarocknearbytheit,thecurrentfieldwillchange.Sotheknifefishcansenseitandavoidingcrashingintotherock。harshenvironment說了具體名稱，但是都是擬音的，所以忘記了。S1,針對highwind，就長得矮一點，只高過地面幾公分，避免high--‐wind的damage。S2針對lackofwater,特殊的葉子可關(guān)于weeds是不是useful，當然是的，有兩個理由，一個是holdthesoil拿coffee舉例，coffee產(chǎn)地大多多雨，weeds保護他們不會washaway；第二是防止不會被animal，11講congestionpricing。說為了緩解交通擁堵，想要在city中的某個區(qū)域，這樣就這樣做可以improvetime(可以改善環(huán)境improvethatarea's收的fee可以用于revennuethecity可以再修路，修會多。所以不是整個city都能環(huán)境變好（二）nt很多（三）warm（三）warmclimateisactuallyadisadvantage,becausetheyneededtocool大公司上班有太多bureaucracy，難以實現(xiàn)自己的idea大公司最近幾年不提供extrabenefits，比如退休金，更低的醫(yī)療。自己開公司extrabenefits5（141213考lionfish閱讀：lionfish從洋擴展到太平洋了閱讀中有三種方法來解決這種魚破壞珊瑚礁（coralreef）人工捕捉它們來protectcoralreef人工捕捉無法區(qū)分lionfish和其他魚，很多稀有的魚也都在coralreef，會減少其他引進市場會導致有人人工養(yǎng)殖。lionfish會從fishfarm逃離（escape），這就造成了更嚴重的invasive問題3教授說有些lionfish的，吃了以后會造成vomiting，3教授說有些lionfish文章是講的關(guān)于Harappancivilizationdecline的原因的三個假說。第一個是當時H文明的地盤很大游牧民族雖然打了他幾個地區(qū)但是還不至于導致他第二個是同時期的埃及文明和另一種文明同樣了氣候變化但是都調(diào)整了農(nóng)業(yè)有surplus的food。所以H也不可能因為氣候變化而decline講英國的名兒在這一個poem的title下面叫什么P.文章就開猜了,有三種可能性【11JohnMassey，因為流傳下來的他們的作品的【2】第2個是Hugh，因為H的其中一首poem描寫的region和書中一手叫什么騎士Knight的描寫的地方一樣【3】第3種猜測是那四首詩是一個collection，PearlPoet【反駁【1】第一個理由，過去的作品都是靠copy的，原版被reproduce很多次。所以人們看到的可能只是同一個人手抄copyoriginal的書，不能表明作者相同；會有不同口音dialect，所以那種修辭在不同口音的情況下是不同的；【3】像詞語vocabulary不可能有很多人collection都有這些unique的特性。bee200millionyears化石結(jié)構(gòu)可能不是bee的。speaker反駁1，沒有化石是因為那時候沒樹，無法preservebee不是一定要feedon花的，也可以是pinetree什么的。通過化學物質(zhì)可以斷定化石那就是bee的。Thereadingmaterialcastsdoubtsontheviewthatbeesexisted200millionyearsago.However,thelisteningmaterialdisputestheideaspresentedinthereadingwithseveralarguments.Accordingtothepassage,beescouldnothavebeeninexistence200millionyearsagobecausetherearenotanyfossilsofbeesfromthattime.Incontrast,thelecturearguesthatfossilscouldnotformatthetimebecausetherewerenotreeswhichpreservefossils.Whatismore,theauthormaintainsthattherewereneitherflowersnorfoodforbees200millionyearsago.Nevertheless,theprofessorholdsthatbeesdonothavetofeedonflowersbecausetheycanfeedonpinetreesorotherthings.Finally,thereadingemphasizesthatthosefossilsmaynotbeofbees.Onthecontrary,thelisteningassertsthatthosefossilsareofbeesbecausethechemicalsubstanceofthefossilshasalreadybeentested.（153）Anasazi文明突然vanished，估計是干旱drought【1】全球變暖，該文明消逝前后的正值一場大規(guī)模的全球變暖，帶來嚴重干旱，導致文【2】文明前，Anasazi人已經(jīng)規(guī)模的修建水利公事，但估計最后是這些公事沒能保證足夠的水源，使得Anasazi人無法應對突如其來的旱災，家園?！?】Anasazi的文明消逝的非常突然withnonotice,并且inashorttime,說明不是一般的文明的原因。教授說，關(guān)于Anasazi的文明突然消逝的原因很多，但至今沒有定【1】全球變暖說。文明的1800AD前后是有一次大變暖，但考古發(fā)現(xiàn)Anasazi原住這一說法也不成立。（這一點沒聽好）【3】文明突然消逝，可能是由其他原因造成的。比如和war.有一種理論認為，另一個強大但缺水的部落civilization為了爭奪水源和Anazia人打仗，迫使后sealeveldecline造成coastlivingcoolclimate,主要是火山活動造成的SO2asteroidstrikes,產(chǎn)生的