【知識(shí)解析】Unit 1 Vocabulary Learning（市一等獎(jiǎng)）

VocabularyLearning—criticise【釋義】v.tosaywhatyoudonotlikeorthinkiswrongaboutsb./sth.批評(píng)，指責(zé)；tojudgethegoodandbadqualitiesofsth.評(píng)論，評(píng)價(jià)【例句】Hisworkhasbeencriticised.他的作品受到了批評(píng)。Wouldyouliketoreadandcriticisemynewbook?您愿不愿意讀我的新書并評(píng)論它一下？【同根詞】criticaladj.批評(píng)的；關(guān)鍵的；危急的criticismn.批評(píng)；評(píng)論criticn.評(píng)論家，批評(píng)家【常用搭配】[becriticisedfor]Shewascriticisedforbeinglate.她因遲到而受到批評(píng)。criticise/?kr?t?sa?z/VocabularyLearning—decline【釋義】n.acontinuousdecreaseinthenumber,value,quality,etc.ofsth.（數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的）減少，下降，衰落，衰退v.tobecomesmaller,fewer,weaker,etc.減少，下降，衰弱；torefusepolitelytoacceptortodosth.謝絕【例句】Thereisasharpdeclineinunemployment.失業(yè)率明顯下跌了。Theboydeclinedtoansweraquestion.那男孩拒絕回答問(wèn)題?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖onthedecline]Thepopulationisonthedecline.人口正在減少?！驹~語(yǔ)辨析】deny,declinedeny指堅(jiān)決地拒絕接受、給予或承認(rèn)。decline指婉言謝絕他人的幫助或邀請(qǐng)等。decline/d??kla?n/VocabularyLearning—emerge【釋義】v.tocomeoutofadark,confinedorhiddenplace（從隱蔽處或暗處）出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)，露出；tobecomeknown暴露，露出真相，被知曉【例句】Awonderfulideaemergedinmymind.我的腦海里浮現(xiàn)出一個(gè)極妙的想法。Thetruthemergedatlast.真相終于大白了?！就~】emergingadj.新興的emergencen.出現(xiàn)，興起【常用搭配】[Itemergedthat…]Itemergedthattheydidn’tagreewitheachother.這暴露出他們意見不一致。emerge/??m??d?/VocabularyLearning—exhibition【釋義】n.theactofshowingsth.,forexampleworksofart,tothepublic展覽，展出；theactofshowingaskill,afeeling,orakindofbehaviour（技能、感情、行為等的）表現(xiàn)，顯示，表演【例句】Sherefusedtoallowtheexhibitionofherhusband’swork.她拒不允許展出她丈夫的作品。Thequizwasagoodopportunityfortheexhibitionofhisknowledge.這次測(cè)驗(yàn)是他展示知識(shí)的好機(jī)會(huì)?！就~】exhibitv.展覽，展出【詞語(yǔ)辨析】show,exhibition,fairshow指藝術(shù)品、產(chǎn)品或商品等的任何形式的公開展覽。exhibition一般指較正規(guī)的展覽會(huì)。fair側(cè)重指為促銷商品而舉辦的展覽會(huì)或商品交易會(huì)。exhibition/?eks??b??n/VocabularyLearning—expansion【釋義】adj.anactofincreasingormakingsth.increaseinsize,amountorimportance擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大，膨脹【例句】Thefutureexpansionofthebusinesscallsfortwonewfactories.將來(lái)業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)大需要新建兩個(gè)工廠。Heatcausestheexpansionofgases.熱使氣體膨脹。【同根詞】expandv.擴(kuò)大，膨脹；發(fā)展【拓展】以-sion結(jié)尾的名詞，許多是由-d、-de、-mit、-t結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞派生出來(lái)，表示“行為的過(guò)程，結(jié)果，情況，性質(zhì)，狀況”。decidev.決定decisionn.決定invadev.侵略，侵犯invasionn.侵略，侵犯emitv.發(fā)出，散發(fā)emissionn.發(fā)出，排放expansion/?k?sp?n?n/VocabularyLearning—fond【釋義】adj.findingsth.pleasantorenjoyable,especiallysth.youhavelikedorenjoyedforalongtime喜愛的【例句】IamveryfondofMichael.我很喜歡邁克爾。Somepeoplearenotsofondofpizza.有些人不那么喜愛吃比薩。【近義詞】favoriteadj.喜愛的，喜歡的【同根詞】fondnessn.

愛好，喜愛【常用搭配】[befondof…]Weareallextremelyfondofher.我們大家都非常喜歡她。fond/f?nd/VocabularyLearning—inparticular【基本用法】Inparticular=particularly，意思是“尤其，特別”。Helovesreading,sciencefictioninparticular.他喜歡看書，尤其喜歡看科幻小說(shuō)。Areyoulookingforanythinginparticular?你在找什么特別的東西嗎？Shelovesallsports,swimminginparticular.她喜愛各種運(yùn)動(dòng)，尤其是游泳。inparticular尤其，特別【拓展】especially與inparticular的含義相近，意思是“尤其，非常”，其后接名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等。Helikesthecountryside,especiallyinspring.他喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，尤其是在春天。Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyou’retryingtosleep.噪音是令人不愉快的，尤其是當(dāng)你想入睡的時(shí)候。VocabularyLearning—investment【釋義】n.theactofinvestingmoneyinsth.投資；themoneythatyouinvest,orthethingthatyouinvestin投資額，投資物；theactofgivingtimeorefforttoaparticulartaskinordertomakeitsuccessful（時(shí)間、精力的）投入【例句】Thiscountryneedsinvestmentineducation.這個(gè)國(guó)家需要對(duì)教育進(jìn)行投資。Iworryaboutthisbiginvestmentoftimenotworking.我擔(dān)心這么多的時(shí)間投入不起作用?！就~】investv.投資；投入investorn.投資者【常用搭配】[foreigninvestment]Theyshouldattractforeigninvestment.他們應(yīng)吸引外資。investment/?n?vestm?nt/VocabularyLearning—memorial【釋義】n.astatue,stone,etc.thatisbuiltinordertoremindpeopleofanimportantpasteventorofafamouspersonwhohasdied紀(jì)念碑（或像等）；athingthatwillcontinuetoremindpeopleofsb./sth.紀(jì)念物，紀(jì)念品adj.createdordoneinordertoremembersb.whohasdied紀(jì)念的，悼念的【例句】Thismemorialcommemoratesthosewhodiedinthewar.這座紀(jì)念碑是紀(jì)念戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中犧牲者的。Thememorialservicewillbeheldatalocalchurch.悼念儀式將在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰烫门e行。【同根詞】memoryn.記憶memorisev.記住，記憶【近義詞】monumentn.紀(jì)念碑memorial/m??m??ri?l/VocabularyLearning—permanent【釋義】adj.lastingforalongtimeorforalltimeinthefutureandexistingallthetime永久的，永恒的，長(zhǎng)久的【例句】Heisoneofourpermanentemployees.他是我們的永久雇員之一。Theaccidenthasnotdoneanypermanentdamage.那場(chǎng)事故沒有造成什么永久性損傷?！就~】permanentlyadv.永久地【詞語(yǔ)辨析】permanent,endless,eternal這組詞都有“持久的，永久的”的意思，其區(qū)別是：permanent指總是處于相同的情況和地位，可長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)下去，永久不變。endless系日常用詞，指無(wú)盡無(wú)休。eternal語(yǔ)體較莊重，側(cè)重指永遠(yuǎn)存在，無(wú)始無(wú)終。permanent/?p??m?n?nt/VocabularyLearning—precisely【釋義】adv.accuratelyandexactly精確地，準(zhǔn)確地【例句】It’snotclearpreciselyhowtheaccidenthappened.不是很清楚事故究竟是怎么發(fā)生的。Thefirstbellrangatprecisely10:30a.m.第一遍鈴聲在上午10:30準(zhǔn)時(shí)響起?！就~】preciseadj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的precisionn.準(zhǔn)確性【近義詞】accuratelyadv.精確地，準(zhǔn)確地【常用搭配】[preciselyspeaking]Preciselyspeaking,itisnotthatwefailandgiveup,butwegiveup,andfail.確切地說(shuō)，我們不是因?yàn)槭《艞?，而是因?yàn)榉艞壎　recisely/pr??sa?sli/VocabularyLearning—purchase【釋義】vt.tobuysth.買，購(gòu)買n.theactorprocessofbuyingsth.購(gòu)買，采購(gòu)；somethingthatyouhavebought購(gòu)買的東西【例句】Wepurchasedacarbefore.以前我們買過(guò)一輛車。Goodsareopentofreepurchase.商品可以自由采購(gòu)。【同根詞】purchasern.買方，購(gòu)買者【詞語(yǔ)辨析】buy,purchase這組詞都有“購(gòu)買”的意思，其區(qū)別是：buy普通日常用詞，既可指日常隨意購(gòu)物也可指大量購(gòu)買。purchase正式用詞，指大宗購(gòu)貨或購(gòu)買重要東西，無(wú)感情色彩，強(qiáng)調(diào)物品的購(gòu)得。purchase/?p??t??s/VocabularyLearning—rank【釋義】n.thepositionthatsb.hasinaparticularorganization,society,etc.地位，級(jí)別；alineorrowofpeopleorthings排，行，列v.togivesb./sth.aparticularpositiononascaleaccordingtoquality,importance,success,etc.把……分等級(jí)；toarrangeobjectsinalineorrow排列，使排成行【例句】HeishigherinrankthanIam.他的地位比我高。Theteacherrankedthestudentsaccordingtotheirgrades.老師根據(jù)學(xué)生的成績(jī)把學(xué)生分等?！就~】rankingn.排名【常用搭配】[firstrank]Sheisaphysicistofthefirstrank.她是一位一流的物理學(xué)家。rank/r??k/VocabularyLearning—realistic【釋義】adj.acceptinginasensiblewaywhatitisactuallypossibletodoorachieveinaparticularsituation現(xiàn)實(shí)的，實(shí)際的；representingthingsastheyareinreallife逼真的【例句】Weshouldencouragepupilstosetrealisticgoals.我們要鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生設(shè)定現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)。Itisarealisticpainting.這是一幅寫實(shí)派油畫?！就~】realadj.真實(shí)的，真正的；realismn.逼真，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義realistn.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義畫家（或作家等）；現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者【常用搭配】[berealisticabout]Wehavetoberealisticaboutourchancesofwinning.我們必須實(shí)事求是地估計(jì)我們獲勝的可能性。realistic/?ri???l?st?k/VocabularyLearning—recognition【釋義】n.agreementthatsomethingistrueorlegal承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可Ifyouaregivenrecognition,peopleshowadmirationandrespectforyourachievements賞識(shí)，贊賞【例句】It’sanewcountry,hopingfordiplomaticrecognitionfromtheinternationalcommunity.這是個(gè)新國(guó)家，希望在外交上得到國(guó)際社會(huì)的承認(rèn)。Atlast,herfather’sworkhasreceivedpopularrecognition.最終，她父親的工作得到了大家的普遍贊賞?！境Ｓ么钆洹縖in+…ofsth.]Hewaspresentedwithagoldwatchinrecognitionofhisyearsasclubsecretary.俱樂(lè)部贈(zèng)予他一塊金表，以感謝他多年作為俱樂(lè)部干事所付出的心血。recognition/r?k?ɡ?n??(?)n/VocabularyLearning—representative【釋義】adj.typicalofaparticulargroupofpeople典型的，有代表性的n.apersonwhohasbeenchosentospeakorvoteforsb.elseoronbehalfofagroup代表【例句】Areyouropinionsrepresentativeoftheotherstudents?你的意見是否代表其他學(xué)生的意見？Thetigerisarepresentativeofthecatfamily.老虎是貓科動(dòng)物的典型?！就~】representv.代表；象征【詞語(yǔ)辨析】representative,agent這組詞都有“代表、代理人”的意思，其區(qū)別是：representative一般指被選舉或委派代表某人或一些人或某個(gè)較大團(tuán)體的人，其職務(wù)有時(shí)是較長(zhǎng)期的。agent普通用詞，通常指經(jīng)授權(quán)代理另一個(gè)人或團(tuán)體，或指在雙方之間代表一方起中間作用的人。representative/?repr??zent?t?v/VocabularyLearning—reputation【釋義】n.theopinionthatpeoplehaveaboutwhatsb./sth.islike,basedonwhathashappenedinthepast名譽(yù)，名聲【例句】Thiscollegehasagoodacademicreputation.這所大學(xué)擁有良好的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)。Hewasanxioustopreservehisreputation.他急于維護(hù)自己的名聲。【詞語(yǔ)辨析】honour,glory,reputation這組詞都有“名聲，名譽(yù)”的意思，其區(qū)別是：honour側(cè)重指因高尚的舉止，忠心或誠(chéng)實(shí)而受到公眾欽佩和崇敬，得到好名聲和榮譽(yù)。glory指因功績(jī)卓著而獲得的令人稱頌的光榮或榮譽(yù)地位。reputation通常指熟悉某人或某地的人對(duì)該人、該地的看法，可好可壞。reputation/?repju?te??n/VocabularyLearning—subsequent【釋義】adj.happeningorcomingaftersth.else隨后的，后來(lái)的，之后的【例句】Subsequenteventsconfirmedourdoubts.后來(lái)發(fā)生的事證實(shí)了我們的懷疑。Subsequentstudieshavecomeupwithsimilarresults.隨后的研究也得出了類似的結(jié)果?！就~】subsequentlyadv.隨后，后來(lái)【近義詞】lateradj.后來(lái)的，以后的【常用搭配】[subsequentevents]SubsequenteventsshowedthatIwasright.后來(lái)發(fā)生的事證明我是對(duì)的。subsequent/?s?bs?kw?nt/VocabularyLearning—visual【釋義】adj.oforco