高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識大全

高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識大全高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識大全一系動(dòng)詞用法和分類01【聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞】連接主語和表語的動(dòng)詞稱為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。不能獨(dú)立存在，后面必須跟表語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，表示主語的身份、類別、特征、狀態(tài)等。【舉例】Hefeltillyesterday.他昨天病了。felt是系動(dòng)詞，后跟表語，說明主語情況。02【感官動(dòng)詞】常見：Feel,smell,sound,taste,touch【舉例】Thoseorangesonsaletastegood.賣的那些橘子嘗起來很好吃。03【狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞】表主語狀態(tài),只有be?！九e例】Heisdirectorofourdepartment.他是我們部門的主任。04【持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞】Keep,rest,remain,stay,lie，表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度【舉例】Themeatwillkeep/stayfreshforseveraldays.肉會(huì)保鮮好幾天的。這類詞表示具有或保持某種特征或狀態(tài)。05【變化系動(dòng)詞】【舉例】Hebecamefatinwinterholiday.他這個(gè)假期變胖了。很多系動(dòng)詞可以當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞,也可以當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,但用法有所不同。06【雙謂語系動(dòng)詞】此類系動(dòng)詞既有系動(dòng)詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞本身的含義。【舉例】Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上。Hemarriedyoung.他結(jié)婚很早高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識大全二定語從句語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)習(xí)題精選用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：IstillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.I'llneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.IwillneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.I'llneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfortheWestLake?HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,liestheWestLake?TomwillgotoShanghai,livehistwobrothers.IliveinBeijing,isthecapitalofChina.TherewasatimetherewereslavesintheUSA.Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.ItwasinthestreetImetJohnyesterday.

Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.ThemomentIsawyou,Irecognized(認(rèn)出)you.Thisistheverynovelaboutwe'vetalkedsomuch.Thisisthewayhedidit.Whoisthestudentwaslateforschooltoday?Whoknowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?Whatelsewasthereinmybrotheryoudidn'tlike?Helivesintheroomwindowfacestothesouth.Helivesintheroom,thewindowfacestothesouth.ThisisMr.JohnforsonIbroughtabookyesterday.ThisisMr.JohnforIboughtabookyesterday.Thisisthehourtheplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.AndthereisonepointI'dlikeyouradvice.Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplaceyoumayspendyourweekend.KEYS:1.when2.when3.which4.that/which5.that6.where7.that/which8.where9.which10.where11.where12.which13.when14.that15.that16.that17.(that)18.which19.(that/inwhich)20.that21.that22that23.whose24.ofwhich25.whosewhom27.when28.that29.that30.where高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識大全三定語從句定語從句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why,how。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又可做定語從句的一個(gè)成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語時(shí)可以省略。定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在從句中作主語)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)whose用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換)，例如：Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.which,that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作賓語)關(guān)系代詞that和which都可以指物，that和Who都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：不用that的情況：在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.介詞后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.多用who的情況①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.②先行詞為those,people時(shí)Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.③先行詞為all,anyone,ones,one指人時(shí)Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.④在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.⑤在被分隔的定語從句中⑥在有兩個(gè)定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時(shí)，只用that。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(thelast)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that。ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwin.d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.e)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始的特殊疑問句時(shí)，用that以避免重復(fù)。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?I'msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.注意：①在非限制性定語從句中，"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。如：Theysetupastatefortheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.②含有介詞的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?3、名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.4、as,which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的差別由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.用法區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。Asweallknow,heneversmokes.as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect,think,suppose等表示猜測、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.As的用法thesame?as;such?as中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和??一樣??。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識大全四1、becertain/besurebecertain(sure)of/aboutsth.“確信、有把握”(表示某個(gè)人的思想狀態(tài))。如：Wearecertain/sureofvictory.2、bedifferentfrom與……不同Yourideaisdifferentfrommi