優(yōu)英文合同中的if條件句式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版

英文合同中的if條件句式國(guó)際商務(wù)合同均附有各種條件。當(dāng)這些條件成熟時(shí)，當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，或義務(wù)方可履行。例如在一項(xiàng)違約責(zé)任條款中，雙方約定：IncasetheSellersfailtomakedeliveryaccordingtothefinaldeliveryschedules,theSellersshallpaythebuyersapenalty。這一條規(guī)定了方應(yīng)向買(mǎi)方支付違約金。國(guó)際商務(wù)合同中大量地使用條件句式，而含有條件句式的主語(yǔ)中往往含有shall構(gòu)成表示義務(wù)的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，這是國(guó)際商務(wù)合同中的一大特點(diǎn)。下面介紹幾種涉外合同中經(jīng)常使用的條件句式：1)Using“if”Clauses用連接詞if引出的條件句式(1)Ifthepricehereunderforthemerchandisehereindecreasesgenerallyonthemarketbeforethedeliverydate,thebuyershallbenefitbysuchpricereductionandshallbeentitledtopayforthegoodsatthegeneralmarketpriceprevailing.如果在交貨前，本合同貨物的價(jià)格普遍下跌，價(jià)格應(yīng)相應(yīng)降低，以使買(mǎi)方利益不受損失。買(mǎi)方有權(quán)按通常的市場(chǎng)價(jià)支付貨款。合同中含有條件句的主句中的謂語(yǔ)部分，大多含有shall表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任。(2)IftheForceMajeureeventlastsover60days,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContractortheundeliveredpartoftheContract.若不可抗力事件持續(xù)60天以上，買(mǎi)方有權(quán)撤銷(xiāo)本合同或本合同中未完成的部分。(3)Ifanychangeisrequiredregardingthetermsandconditionstothisagreement,thenbothpartiesshallnegotiateinordertofindasuitablesolution,provided,however,thatanychangetothisAgreementshallbesubjecttotheapprovalbytheChineseGovernment.如需對(duì)本協(xié)議條款進(jìn)行修改，雙方應(yīng)協(xié)商解決，但對(duì)協(xié)議的任何修改必須經(jīng)中國(guó)政府批準(zhǔn)方為有效。(4)Ifanyproductsoranypartoftheproductsisnotincompliancewiththestandardsfqualityastheresultoftheinspection,theManufacturershallsupplythebuyerfreeofchargewithreplacementforallpartsnotcomplyingwiththestandardsofquality.經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)，若發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品或產(chǎn)品的任何部分的質(zhì)量不合格，制造商必須免費(fèi)更換所有質(zhì)次貨物。(5)Ifthetechnicaldocumentsarefoundlost,damagedormutilatedduringairtransportation,PartyBshallsupplyPartyAfreeofchargewithasecondlotofdocumentswithintheshortestpossibletimebutnotlaterthanthirtydaysafterithasreceivedfromPartyAthewrittennotice.若技術(shù)資料在空運(yùn)中丟失、損壞、短缺，乙方應(yīng)在收到甲方書(shū)面通知之日起30天內(nèi)，盡快免費(fèi)被寄或重寄給甲方。有時(shí)常用if引起省略句。例如：Claims,ifany,shallbesubmittedbyTelexwithinfourteendaysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatdestination.若有索賠，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)于貨物到達(dá)目地后14天內(nèi)以電傳方式提出。這類(lèi)if的省略句還有：ifrequired,ifpossible,ifnecessary,ifagreeable等。2)“incase”Clausesor“incaseof…”用連接詞incase或詞組incaseof引出1)Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedtotheArbitrationTribunaloftheStockholmChamberofCommerceinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesandProcedureofthesaidTribunal.如通過(guò)協(xié)商仍不能達(dá)成協(xié)議時(shí)，應(yīng)提交斯德哥爾摩商會(huì)仲裁院，根據(jù)該院的仲裁規(guī)則和程序進(jìn)行仲裁。incase在表示條件時(shí)，往往是一種thepossibilityofsth.happening，其條件成熟的可能性比“if從句”要小。(2)IncasethebuyerfailtocarryoutanyofthetermsandconditionstothisContractwiththeSeller,theSellershallhavetherighttoterminatealloranypartofthisContractwiththebuyerorpostponeshipmentorstopanygoodsintransitandtheBuyershallineverysuchcasebeliabletotheSellerforalllosses,damagesandexpensestherebyincurred.倘若買(mǎi)方未能履行與賣(mài)方所訂合同的任何條款，賣(mài)方有權(quán)終止與買(mǎi)方的全部或部分合同，或延期交貨，或截留運(yùn)輸中貨物。在任何一種情況下，買(mǎi)方須負(fù)責(zé)賠償賣(mài)方由此發(fā)生的損失、損壞和相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用。(3)IncasetheSellersareliableforthediscrepanciesandclaimhasbeenlodgedbytheBuyerwithinthetimelimitofinspectionandqualityguaranteeperiodasstipulatedinClauses10and11tothisContract,theSellersshallsettletheclaiminoneoranycombinationofthefollowingways...如果貨物質(zhì)量不符屬賣(mài)方責(zé)任，買(mǎi)方在檢驗(yàn)期和本合同第10條和第11條規(guī)定的質(zhì)量保證期內(nèi)提出索賠，賣(mài)方將按下列一種或幾種方法解決有關(guān)索賠……。(4)Incaseofanydivergenceofinterpretation,theChinesetextshallprevail.若對(duì)解釋產(chǎn)生異議，以中文本為準(zhǔn)。(5)Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimsshallbefiledbytheBuyerwithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.若發(fā)生質(zhì)量索賠，買(mǎi)方的索賠必須在貨物到達(dá)目的港的30天內(nèi)提出。關(guān)于incaseof短語(yǔ)，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意與其形態(tài)近似的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行區(qū)別，如inthecaseof，表示“至于、就……來(lái)說(shuō)”；innocase表示“決不”等。3)用詞組intheeventof或連詞intheeventthat引出(1)Intheeventofanyclaimarisinginrespectofanyshipment,noticeofintentiontoclaimshallbegiveninwritingtotheSellerpromptlyafterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdischargeandopportunitymustbegiventotheSellerforinvestigation.若運(yùn)貨發(fā)生索賠，買(mǎi)方慶于貨物到達(dá)卸貨港后立即以書(shū)面形式將索賠要求通知賣(mài)方，并給予賣(mài)方進(jìn)行調(diào)查的機(jī)會(huì)。(2)Intheeventofanybreachoftheterms,conditions,orwarrantiestothisContractwiththeBuyerorintheeventofthedeath,dissolution,bankruptcyorinsolvencyoftheSeller,theBuyershallhavetherighttocancelthisContractwiththeSellerorrejectthemerchandiseortodisposeofitfortheaccountoftheBuyeratatimeandpricewhichtheBuyerdeemsreasonableandtheSellerisboundtoreimbursetheBuyerforanylossordamagesustainedtherefromincludingbutnotlimitedtolossofprofitsobtainablefromresalebythebuyerandthedamagescausedbytheBuyer'sliabilitytopurchasefromtheBuyerofthemerchandiseonresale.如買(mǎi)方違反本合同的任何條款或擔(dān)保，或在賣(mài)方死亡、解散、倒閉或破產(chǎn)的情況下，買(mǎi)方有權(quán)取消合同，或拒收貨物，或買(mǎi)方為自己的利益在其認(rèn)為合理的時(shí)間和價(jià)格內(nèi)處理貨物，賣(mài)方須賠償關(guān)門(mén)主因此所遭受到的損失。此項(xiàng)損失包括但不限于因買(mǎi)方轉(zhuǎn)售貨物造成應(yīng)得利潤(rùn)的損失，以及買(mǎi)方因轉(zhuǎn)售該項(xiàng)貨物對(duì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者承擔(dān)的責(zé)任所導(dǎo)致的損失。(3)Intheeventofgraftorseriousderelictionofdutyonthepartofthegeneralmanagerand/ordeputygeneralmanagers,theBoardofDirectorsshallhavethepowertodismissthematwill.若總經(jīng)理和/或副總經(jīng)理有營(yíng)私舞弊或嚴(yán)重失職時(shí)，董事會(huì)有權(quán)隨時(shí)將其撤換。(4)IntheeventthattheDocumentssuppliedbyPartyBarenotinconformitywiththestipulationsinSections8.2,PartyBshall,withintheshortestpossibletimebutnotlaterthan30daysafterthereceiptofthePartyA'swrittennotice,dispatchfreeofchargetoPartyAthemissingorthecorrectandlegibleDocuments.若乙方提供的技術(shù)資料不符合本合同第8條第2款的規(guī)定，乙方必須在收到甲方書(shū)面通知后盡快，但不超過(guò)30天的時(shí)間內(nèi)，免費(fèi)將所缺的或正確的、清晰易讀的資料寄給甲方。(5)IntheeventthatdeficienciesintheEquipmentbecomeevident,suchdeficienciesshallbecorrectedbyABCduringthetwodaysperweekduringwhichthePurchaserwillnotbetesting.若發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備有缺陷，應(yīng)由ABC用每周買(mǎi)方不進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)的這兩天時(shí)間對(duì)設(shè)備予以校正。4)用助動(dòng)詞should引出(1)Shouldthequality,quantityorspecificationofthecommoditybefoundnotinconformitywiththedescriptionsetoutinClauseone,theSelleragreestoexamineanyclaim,whichshallbesupportedbyareportissuedbyareputablesurveyorapprovedbytheSeller.Claimsconcerningqualityshallbemadeinwritingwithinthreemonthsafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物在質(zhì)量、數(shù)量或規(guī)格上與本合同第一條規(guī)定不符，賣(mài)方同意審核任何因此而提出的?索賠。該索賠要求應(yīng)以賣(mài)方認(rèn)可的有信譽(yù)的檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)出具的報(bào)告證實(shí)。質(zhì)量方面的索賠要求應(yīng)于貨物到達(dá)目的港后三個(gè)月內(nèi)以書(shū)面形式提出。Should+S+V結(jié)構(gòu)，屬非真實(shí)條件句，合同英語(yǔ)中使用這種條件句時(shí)，其主句一般為陳述語(yǔ)氣。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表明，發(fā)生條件句中所述情況的可能性很小，如果該條件句所述情況發(fā)生了，那么主句所設(shè)的事宜必須完成。(2)ShouldtheeffectofForceMajeurecontinuemorethenonehundredandtwenty(120)consecutivedays,bothpartiesshallsettlethefurtherexecutionoftheContractthroughfriendlynegotiationsassoonaspossible.如不可抗力事件延續(xù)到120天以上時(shí)，雙方應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商方式盡快解決繼續(xù)履行合同的問(wèn)題。(3)Shouldallorpartofthecontractbeunabletobefulfilledowingtothefaultofoneparty,thebreachingpartyshallbeartheresponsibilitiesthuscaused.Shoulditbethefaultofbothparties,theyshallbeartheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesaccordingtoactualsituations.由于一方的過(guò)失，造成本合同不能履行或不能完全履行時(shí)，由過(guò)失一方承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。如屬雙方過(guò)失，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，由雙方分別承擔(dān)各自應(yīng)負(fù)的違約責(zé)任。(4)ShouldanyofthestipulationstotheContractbealtered,amended,supplementedordeleted,thesameshallbenegotiatedbetweenandagreeduponbybothpartiesandwrittendocumentsshallbesignedbytherepresentativesofbothparties.本合同條款的任何變更、修改或增刪，須經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商同意，并由雙方代表簽署書(shū)面文件為有效。(5)ShouldPartyAnotifyPartyBtostoptheworkforreasonsbeyondtheresponsibilityofPartyB,PartyBshallstoptheworkandclaimfromPartyAthepriceoffinishedwork,materialsatsiteandotherreasonableexpensestobeaddedordeductedfromthepaidinstallments.若甲方通知乙方將工程停止，其原因并非屬乙方的責(zé)任，乙方可停止該工程并要求甲方按照已完成工程數(shù)量、運(yùn)抵工地的材料及其他合理費(fèi)用，在已交款中增付或扣除。5)用unless引出(1)ShouldtheLetterofCreditfailtoreachtheSellersbeforethestipulateddate,theContractshallbeconsideredasnullandvoidunlessextensionisapprovedbytheSellers.如果買(mǎi)方在規(guī)定日期內(nèi)未開(kāi)來(lái)信用證，本合同即告無(wú)效，但經(jīng)賣(mài)同意延期者不在此例。unless相當(dāng)于if-not，exceptiforexceptwhen，它引出的從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，一般不用虛擬條件句。如：Youwillnevermakeprogressunlessyoustudyhard(除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則是不會(huì)取得進(jìn)步的)。Unless從句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be常省去，如：Unlessexpresslyagreedto,theportofshipmentisattheSeller’soption(運(yùn)貨港由賣(mài)方選擇，除非雙方有明確規(guī)定)。(2)UnlesstheContractprovidesotherwise,itistheBuyer'slegaldutytocollectandtransportthegoodsfromtheSeller'spremises.除合同另有規(guī)定者外，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)在賣(mài)方的處所提貨運(yùn)輸。在合同英語(yǔ)中，unless與otherwise經(jīng)常連用，表示“除另有……者外”，其后往往用過(guò)去分詞。再如：(3)Unlessotherwisestatedthereafter,theaccountingprinciplesemployedshallbethesameasthoseappliedintheprecedingyears.除后文另有說(shuō)明者外，所運(yùn)用的會(huì)計(jì)原則應(yīng)與以往各年所應(yīng)用的會(huì)計(jì)原則相同。(4)Neitherpartyshallhavetherighttorepresenttheotherpartyunlessotherwisearranged.除另有安排者外，任何一方無(wú)權(quán)代表另一方。在Unless引出的條件句中，有時(shí)常用Unless的省略句。如：(5)UnlessintheeventofForceMajeure,PartyBshallbefullyresponsibleforanyandallaccidentordamageoftheworkunderthecustodyofPartyB.除人力不可抗拒之原因外，乙方應(yīng)對(duì)保管中之一切，負(fù)事故或損害之全責(zé)。6)用provided…引出(1)Nosalaryshallbepaidandchargedagainsttheoperatingexpenses,providedthatthecommissionorbrokerageoftheSecondPartyshallbepaidandchargedasapartoftheoperatingexpenses.若應(yīng)將支付第二方的傭金或回扣作為營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用的一個(gè)部分，則不應(yīng)在營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用中支付和計(jì)算薪金。使用provided(that)引出從句表示條件時(shí)，常表示當(dāng)事人所希望的條件，這一點(diǎn)與if引出的從句是不同的。請(qǐng)比較下列句子：(a)Wecansellalotofgarmentsprovidedthatyourpriceishighlycompetitive.如果你方價(jià)格很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，我方就可大量出售。(b)IfthetechnicaldocumentationsuppliedbyPartyBisnotinconformitywithClause9.1totheContract,PartyBshall,within30daysafterthereceiptofPartyA'snotification,airmailfreeofchargetoParryAthecorrect,completeandlegibleversion.如果乙方提供的技術(shù)資料不符合第9條第1款之規(guī)定，乙方應(yīng)在收到甲方的通知之日起30天內(nèi)，免費(fèi)將正確的、完整的、清晰易讀的技術(shù)資料空郵給甲方。在以上的兩句中，第一句中的條件是當(dāng)事人所希望的條件，用providedthat引出；第二句中的條件顯然不是合同當(dāng)事人所希望的或應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的，不能用providedthat引出，應(yīng)用if引出。(2)TheSeller,providedthatBuyersoagrees,mayretainthewholeorpartofthesaidincompleteequipment,fabricatedorunfabricatedparts,workinprocess,andothermaterialreferredtoinparagraph(D)ofthisArticleinwhichtheamounttobepaidbytheBuyershallbereducedbyasumequaltothevalueofthepropertysoretained.如果買(mǎi)方同意，賣(mài)方可以全部或部分地保留上述未完成的設(shè)備、已加工好或未加工好的零件以及正在進(jìn)行的工作和本條(D)款所述的其他材料，這將