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2022年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試學(xué)習(xí)筆記（十五）international,andinter-scientificrivalryintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspills(溢出）,butof“microbespills“thatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations,Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobes,however,ifonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination.

Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhay,therebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefodchain?shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequierement,forexample,creatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassemblylineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminate“inferior“peopleandbreeda“super-race“?(Hitlertriedthis,butwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoomissueformourfighiting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopreeliminate“unfit“babies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselves,eachofushaving,asitwere,a“savingsbank“fullofsparekidney,livers,orhands?

Wildasthsesnotionsmaysound,everyonehasitdadvocates(andopposers)inthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.Astwocriticsofgeneticengineering,JeremyRifkinandTedHoward,stateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?“BroadscalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewaysaassemblylines,automobiles,vaccines,computersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvancebmescommerciallypractical,anewconsumerneedwillbeexploitdeandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated.“

11.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbiologycouldpotentiallysolvethepollutionproblemofautomobilesby

Ausingmetal-bungrymicrobes.

Bmakingseofenzymes.

Cadjustingtheengines.

Dpatentingnewlifeforms.

12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthenewbiology?

AThemicrobesintheoceanwarter.

BThecreationandapplicationofbiologicalsolarcells

CTheaccidentaloilspills.

DTheunexpectedreleaseofdestructivemicrbes.

13.WhichofthefollowingpossibilitiesofthebiotechnologicalapplicationsisNOTmentionedinthethirdparagraph?

ADevelopingasavingsbankofone“sorangs.

BBreedingsoldiersforawar.

CProducingpeoplewithcow-likestomachs.

DUsinggeneticforecastingtocurtdiseases.

14.Accordingtothepassage,Hitlerhadattemptedto

Abiologicallychangethepilotstowinthewar.

Bdevelopgeneticfarmingforincreasingthefoodsupply.

Ckillthepeoplehethoughtofasbeinginferior.

Dencouragethedevelopmentofgeneticweaponsforthewar.

15.WhatistheimplicationofthesratementofJeremyRifkinandTedHoward?

AThecommercialapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareinevitable.

BLarge-scalegeneticengineeringhasoccurredintheUntiedState

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