英語復(fù)合句初中

英語復(fù)合句2021/5/91句子的種類根據(jù)作用分A陳述句：肯定陳述句，否定陳述句B疑問句一般疑問句 特殊疑問句 選擇疑問句 反意疑問句C祈使句D感嘆句 what感嘆句

How感嘆句2021/5/92根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句→ 狀語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 定語從句 狀語從句 同位語從句2021/5/93

簡(jiǎn)單的基本句型主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語OurclassroomisbigandbrightIamastudent2主語+不及物動(dòng)詞（謂語）Icanswim3主語+及物動(dòng)詞（謂語）+賓語Tomwroteanarticle4主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Heshowedhisfatherhisnewshoes主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanand6therebe+主語+狀語Thereisabookonthedesk2021/5/94

句子的成分基本的成分主語：動(dòng)作的施出者，表示所說的是誰是什么ThebirdcanflyHeismysister謂語：表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（動(dòng)詞）WeworkedtogetherTheysangandateattheparty句子可能具有的成分直接賓語：表示動(dòng)作的承受者（名詞，人名，代詞）Hemakesafly。Theycleantherooms。Webuildabridge間接賓語：表示動(dòng)作是針對(duì)誰作的，不是動(dòng)作的承受者Passmethesalt,pleaseHe’lllendmegoodbookstoreadTheyhelpedmewithmystudy。Shetoldmeastory句中的me都是間接賓語2021/5/95賓語補(bǔ)足語；為表示意思的完整，僅有賓語遠(yuǎn)不夠，還需有補(bǔ)足語加于補(bǔ)充TheteacherencouragedstudentstoexpresshisideaTheteacherprovedhimselfworthyconfidence表語：表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)或表示主語是+（名詞）ItiswarmandbrightTheflowersarered定語：用來修飾或限定名詞，表示其特征特性或其它情況HehasabeautifulgirlfriendYourquestionisadifficultone狀語：表示動(dòng)作，行為或事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的。方式，程度，因果等，ThebookisratherinterestingIhavelivedhereforalongtimeTheyarrivedathospitalyesterdayShecomesherebytrain2021/5/96

并列句1.并列關(guān)系并列句連詞有：and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor2.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并列句連詞有：but,yet,however3.選擇關(guān)系并列句連詞有：or.,either…or..4.因果關(guān)系并列句連詞有：for,so,therefore2021/5/97例句并列關(guān)系：Ihopehimandhehelpme轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：Hetriedopenthedoor,buthecouldn’t選擇關(guān)系：Eitheryouarefoolishorheis因果關(guān)系：thestudentsareonholidays,thereforeyoucanseethemtoday。2021/5/98

復(fù)合句定語從句 同位語從句復(fù)合句：

主語從句賓語從句 表語從句 狀語從句2021/5/99定語從句定語從句又稱關(guān)系從句：在主句中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語，只不過這個(gè)定語是一個(gè)句子定語從句可以修飾一個(gè)名詞，代詞，或一個(gè)句子，被修飾的詞叫現(xiàn)行詞，從句在其后，由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞引出關(guān)系代詞有：that.Which,who,whom,whose等關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,whyTheman

whowrotethisbookinfamousscientist先行詞

關(guān)系代詞

(定語)Thevillage

whereIwasbornhasgrownintoatown(先行詞)

關(guān)系代詞

(定語)2021/5/910that關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系限制性定語從句

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞主語

關(guān)系代詞賓語

關(guān)系代詞所有格代替人who/thatwhich/that

whom/that

which/that

that

whose=ofwhom代替物

whose=ofwhich

代替人和物

代替人代替物

代替人和物

非限制性定語從句代替人和物代替前一句話whichwhichwhosewhich2021/5/911關(guān)系副詞與先行詞的關(guān)系

先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 在從句中作用時(shí)間名詞 when=at,on,in, 時(shí)間狀語

during/which 地點(diǎn)名詞 where=in,at/which 地點(diǎn)狀語只有reason why=forwhich 原因狀語例句說明（在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞在句中一定要擔(dān)任成分）2021/5/912關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句Johnisthegirlwho/thatwasinjuredintheaccident

（先行詞）

（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）Hefoundthewatchwhich/thathehadlost

（先行詞）

（關(guān)系代詞）

（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）Themanwhom/thatyousawjustnowisourmanager

先行詞關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）Thehouse

which/thatwasdamagedinthefirewillberebuilt

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）2021/5/913Isthereanyone

whosenameiswangli?

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞

(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）Thebuilding

whoseroofwecanseeformhereis

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）Sheisnolongerthegirl

thatshewasinherchildhood

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，只能用that連接）Thereisnotaneasyquestion

thatyouthinkittobe

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，只能用that連接）2021/5/914注意的問題Oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分詞的謂語有兩種形式先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Tomisoneofthosewomen,wholiketoplaybridge當(dāng)one之前有theonly/right/very等修飾詞時(shí)，從句謂語根據(jù)one而定，用單復(fù)數(shù)形式Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikestogotothetheatre在口語中，在定語從句中起賓語作用的關(guān)系代詞省去Haveyoufoundthebook(that)youwant?2021/5/915當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞whom,或which而不能用thatThebook

from

which(不能用that)Igotalotofuseful

information

先行詞

介詞

關(guān)系代詞waswrittenbyafamousscientist（關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作介詞from的賓語）Tomistheboy

with

whom(不用that)youweretalkamomentago

先行詞

介詞

關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語）注：當(dāng)介詞位于從句句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞仍可用that也可省去

2021/5/916上兩句可改為：Thebookthat/whichIgotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousscientistTomistheboythat/whomyouweretalkingwithamomentago2021/5/917當(dāng)先行詞是all,everything,something,nothing,

或被first,last,only,few,much,some,only,no以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that不用whichIaminterestedinall

thatyouhavetoldmeHeaskedforthebestbookthattherewasonmath當(dāng)并列的兩個(gè)先行詞分別表示人和物時(shí)，要用that引導(dǎo)Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschools

thatwehadvisited

（先行詞）

（關(guān)系代詞)

（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）2021/5/918

關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的應(yīng)用1.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)newchinawasfounded

先行詞關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時(shí)間的狀語）2.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)wewereinneedofhelp

先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時(shí)間的狀語)3.Theschoolwhere(inwhich)Iworkisnotfarfromhere

先行詞關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語）4.Isthistheplacewhere(atwhich)thattrafficaccidenthappened?

先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語5.Hedidn’tgivethereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasabsentyesterday.

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）6.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hemissedthebuswasthathegotuplate

先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語2021/5/919注意：在口語或非正式場(chǎng)合,that可代替‘介詞+which’結(jié)構(gòu)或相當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞1.Alltheyearsthat(forwhich/when)Iwasatschool,wasthereneverdiscussion

aboutcareers.

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時(shí)間的狀語）2.Thereasonthat(why=forwhich)youwereabsentinexcuse

（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）3.Thedirectionthat(inwhich)thecarisdrivingcanbechanged

（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）4.Idon’tlikethewaythat(inwhich)hetalks

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）有些固定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)無相應(yīng)關(guān)系副詞，要根據(jù)先行詞選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~5.Thespeedatwhichthespaceshipfliesisveryfast（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）6.Wattlesandkilometersaretheunitsinwhichelectricpowerismeasured

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）2021/5/920

非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which,who,whose,where,when引出，而從句的兩面都用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，關(guān)系代詞that不能引起非限制性定語從句‘名詞、代詞+of+which+whom’引起的定語從句表示部分與整體的關(guān)系Therearemanyformsofenergy,eachofwhichisusefulforus非限制性定語從句修飾整個(gè)主句總是位于句末，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開Hemissedthetrain,whichannoyedhimverymuch（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow

（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）注：關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)可以用來指代主句的一部分TomcanwritealetterinChinese,whichMarycannot

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）2021/5/921限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

種類意義形式功能譯法關(guān)系代副詞限制性起限制性緊接先行修飾常譯為關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)定語從作用若省去，詞后，先行詞先行詞的可用that代替句原句意義不無逗號(hào)定語有時(shí)也可省去完整。

非限制

起補(bǔ)充

有逗號(hào)

可修飾

常譯為

不可用that代替

性定語

說明作用與主句

先行詞

“另一”

也不可省去從句

若省去原

隔開

也可修飾并列分句

句意義不

整個(gè)主句

受影響2021/5/922試比較：Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）

（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）Iwanttobuythehousewhich(=that)hasagarden

(先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）Iwanttobuythehouse,which(不等于that)hasagarden

（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）2021/5/923注：在定語從句中，同樣的先行詞，由于在從句中擔(dān)任的作用不同，須選用不同的關(guān)系詞1.ThisistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點(diǎn)狀語）2.Thisistheplace,whichIvisitedlastsummer

（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）3.Thereasonwhichhegavewasunacceptable

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）4.Thereasonwhyhedidthatwasunacceptable

（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）2021/5/924

As

的用法as引導(dǎo)定語從句：引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語從句As

限定性定語從句As引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句,主要用在’such…as’和’thesame…as’的結(jié)構(gòu)中可代替先行詞是人或物的名詞，在thesame…as結(jié)構(gòu)中as也可用that代替Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcernus(as:作主語)譯：讓我們只討論與我們有關(guān)的問題吧Noonewillbelievesuchstoriesashetold(as作賓語)Ihaveneverseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare(as作表語)Thisisthewatchas(或that)Ihavelost(as作賓語)注：有時(shí)‘thesame..as’結(jié)構(gòu)中，‘a(chǎn)s’也可用作關(guān)系副詞

Heworksinthesameshopas(that)Ido(as作地點(diǎn)狀語)2021/5/925

引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句As引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明,其位置較靈活，可位于主句前，主句中，主句后，通常由逗號(hào)與其主句隔開HeisanEnglishman,as(=which)Iknowfromhisaccent(as代替主句，在主句中作賓語)Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner(as代替主句，在從句中作主語)As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)。。。時(shí)”As(hewas)ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostmaster(hewas可省略,用法用’when’,as,when,if引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，若其邏輯主語與主句主語相同，可省略)Hesangasheworked2021/5/926As引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，意為“像…..一樣”WemustdoastheteachertoldusAs引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“由于”Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest2021/5/927As引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”“盡管”Childasheis,hecandoitwell=Although/thoughheisachild,hecandoitwellSmallasitwas,thearmyhadgreatfightingcapacity=Though/althoughitwassmall,thearmyhadgreatfightingcapacityHardas(though)hestudied,hedidn’tpasstheexamination=Though/althoughhestudiedhard,hedidn’tpasstheexamination2021/5/928

同位語從句1.同位語從句用于表示名詞的內(nèi)容,對(duì)其加以解釋,能跟有同位語從句的,通常是具有引導(dǎo)內(nèi)容的名詞,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，常見的有：

fact,idea,news,hope,evidence,suggestion,order,problemThedoctorscametotheconclusionthatthepatientwassufferingfromcancerThediscoverythateveryheavenlybodyhasgravitywasmadebyNewton同位語從句通常由that引出，但隨著與其同位的名詞不同也可由

whether,when,where,how,what,why引出TheyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetheworkIhavenoideawhenhewillreturn2021/5/929有時(shí)同位語從句不是緊跟名詞后，而是被其它詞隔開Anideaoccurredhimthathemightborrowthemoneyfromhisfather

發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)Theyheardthenewsontheradioyesterdaythatatyphoonwascoming2021/5/930

定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別從結(jié)構(gòu)上看：同位語由連接詞引導(dǎo)。在從句中不擔(dān)任何成分，定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從中擔(dān)任某個(gè)成分。Theideathatonecandotheworkwithoutthinkingiswrong(同位語從句that在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分)Theideathatyouputforwardatthemeetingiswrong(定語從句that在從句中擔(dān)任賓語)2021/5/931

主語從句名詞性的從句可作句子主語，這種從句稱為主語從句。主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常有whowhomwhenwherewhywhathowwhichwhosewhether等，主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省略，由從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式WhatIsaidisimportanttoyouHowtogetthereisstillnotdecideWhethertodoitornotiswhatwewilldiscusstomorrow是否做那件事是我們每天將要討論的事2021/5/932說明：主語從句可以直接放在主語位置，也可用it作做形式主語1.ThatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoallItisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines

眾所周知，光是以直線運(yùn)行2.WhentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannouncedIthasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff

飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛還沒有公布2021/5/933注：A.當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“……東西”時(shí)。不用it作形式語WhathewantsisabookB如果帶主語從句的句子是疑問句，則必須用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)Hasitbeensettledwhowillbesenttocarryoutthetask誰將被派出執(zhí)行這個(gè)任務(wù)決定了嗎？2021/5/934Cit作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)已形成固定用法和譯法，通常有4種情況

1.Itis+名詞+從句

2.Itisafactthat…..事實(shí)是…..

3.Itisagoodnewsthat…..,

……是個(gè)好消息

4.Itisaquestionthat….……是個(gè)問題

5.Itiscommonknowledgethat…

…..是個(gè)常識(shí)2021/5/9351.Itis+形容詞+從句2.Itisnecessarythat…有必要…3.Itisclearthat..很清楚…4.Itis(un)likelythat…很可能…5.Itisimportantthat…主要的是….2021/5/9361.Itis+過去分詞+從句2.Itissaidthat…據(jù)說….3.Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道….4.Ithasbeenprovedthat..已證明…

5.Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出…2021/5/937It+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Itseemsthat….好像是….Ithappenedthat….碰巧…Itfollowsthat..結(jié)果是….2021/5/938

強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),可在謂語動(dòng)詞前加do,does,did,

IdobelievethathewillattendthemeetingHedidworkhardyesterday強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語以外的是成分時(shí),采用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis(was)+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who/whom說明：無論強(qiáng)調(diào)什么部分,都要求用連接詞that

被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人,也可用who

當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是狀語,只能用that,

不用when,where,how等2021/5/939例：

Johnboughtatoyplaneforhissonyesterday1.ItwasJohnthat(who)boughtatoyplaneforhissonyesterday

(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)2.ItwasatoyplanethatJohnboughtforhissonyesterday

(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)3.ItwasforhissonthatJohnbroughtatoyplaneyesterday

(強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語)4.ItwasyesterdaythatJohnboughtatoyplaneforhisson(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)強(qiáng)調(diào)表示時(shí)間的名詞或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，還可用：1.Itwasnotuntilthat…直到….才….2.Itwasnotuntilhegotonthetrainthatherealizedhehadlosthisticket2021/5/940表語從句表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句常用的連系動(dòng)詞有:be,seen,remain,look等Myideaisthatthisplanshouldbecarriedoutimmediately我的建議是這個(gè)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行Thequestionremainswhetherweshouldaccepttheirinvitation問題仍然是我們是否應(yīng)該接受他們的邀請(qǐng)Itlooksthat(asif)itisgoingtorain看起來天要下雨2021/5/941

wherewhyhow引導(dǎo)的從句作thisis或thatis的表語時(shí)，它們通常不含有疑問意義,而是分別表示具體的地點(diǎn)，原因.方式.翻譯Thatiswhywecalledoffthemeeting這就是我們?nèi)∠麜?huì)議的原因Thisishowwedidit我們就用這種方式做的注:主語是reason的表語從句用that引導(dǎo),不要用becauseThereason(why)hewaslatewasthathemissedthebus2021/5/942

賓語從句充當(dāng)賓語的從句，叫賓語從句。賓語從句可作動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語，和某些形容詞的賓語一.作動(dòng)詞賓語Everybodyknowsthatgoodstakesuptheroom(由連詞引導(dǎo))Hewonderedhowthebuildingwerebuilt(由連接副詞引導(dǎo))常跟連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動(dòng)詞有：AdmitagreeanswerbelievecommandcomplainconfessDecidedemanddenydoubtdreamexpectexplainfeelhearHopeimagineintendinsistknowmeannoticepreferorderProposereplyreportrequestrequiresayseesuggestsupposethinkurge(激勵(lì))wishunderstand2021/5/943常跟疑問代詞whowhom疑問副詞whenwherewhyhowwhetherif引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動(dòng)詞有：Adviseaskdiscoverdiscussdoubtfindoutimagineinquire(詢問)

knowquestionshowtellunderstandwonderA.tell/inform/remind/show/teach+間接賓語+賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)

Hetoldmewherehelived

B.advise/ask/assure/promise/question/warn等+間接賓語+

賓語從句+結(jié)構(gòu)中，間接賓語可省略

Ipromised(him)thatIwouldgivehimmorehelp

我對(duì)他的保證將給他更多的幫助2021/5/944作介詞賓語:Thisdependsonhowhardyouwork這取決于你的工作的如何努力IsthereanythingwronginwhatIsaid?A.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只限做介詞inexceptbutbeside

的賓語從句Mendifferentfrombrutesinthattheycanspeakandthink人和獸類的區(qū)別在于他們有語言和思想Themealwasverygoodexceptthatthefishwasabittoosalty除了魚有點(diǎn)咸，這頓是、很好的IwouldhavehelpedyoubutthatIwassobusythen若不是工作忙，我本來時(shí)幫助你的2021/5/945B“介詞+it+that“結(jié)構(gòu)Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou你放心,他們會(huì)支持你的I'llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime我將負(fù)責(zé)按時(shí)做好一切準(zhǔn)備C動(dòng)詞+it+that結(jié)構(gòu)Itakeitthattheywillsucceed我想他們會(huì)成功的Thenewspapershaveitthatfirmisalmostbankrupt據(jù)報(bào)道那家公司幾乎破產(chǎn)2021/5/946Dbe+形容詞+that結(jié)構(gòu)類似形容詞有:surecertainafraidconfident等TheyareconfidentthattheycandothejobIamnotcertainwhether(if)thetrainwillarriveontime我沒有把握火車是否轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)達(dá)到2021/5/947特別說明：使用形式賓語it的問題如果賓語從句后跟有賓語從句，要用形式賓語it來代替。再將從句放到補(bǔ)語的后面去Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed他說的很清楚,這個(gè)會(huì)議將不推遲Ihearditsaidthatthisfactorywasfoundedin1901我聽說這家工廠是1901年創(chuàng)建的2021/5/948賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移在thinkbelievesupposeexpect等動(dòng)詞后跟的賓語中，如果從句謂語動(dòng)詞是否定的一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞上而將從句變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问絀don'tthinkhehastimetoplaychesswithyou我沒想到他有時(shí)間和你下棋Idon’tsupposeitistherushhouryet我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在還未到（交通）高峰時(shí)間2021/5/949賓語從句的替代；在hopebelieveimaginesupposeguessthink等動(dòng)詞以及I’mafraid等,表達(dá)法后用so代替一個(gè)賓語從句，指代上文提到的一件事Doyouthinkwewillhavegoodweather?Ihopeso上述動(dòng)詞否定形式（hope除外）如：Idon’tbelieve或IbelievenotHope只用Ihopnot/Iamafraidnot上述動(dòng)詞的肯定式。如:Ihopeso2021/5/950賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng):

賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)是在主句的時(shí)態(tài)其礎(chǔ)上向前推進(jìn)一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài).如:主句為過去時(shí),從句要用過去完成時(shí),若從句表示的客觀真理或自然觀念,其謂語時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).Hesaidthathehadlefthisumbrellainthelibrary.

他說把傘忘在圖書館里了.TheteachertoldthestudentsthatthepacificoceanisthelargestOceanintheworld.老師告訴學(xué)生,太平洋是世界上最大的海洋.2021/5/951插入疑問句.練習(xí)，就劃線部分提問，再理解1.IthinkthatJohnwillarriveat5o’clockWhendoyouthinkJohnwillarrive?2.TheysaidthattheyhadcleanedtheclassroomWhatdidtheysaytheyhaddone?3.webelievethatpreferwillbegiventheprizeWhodoyoubelievewillbegiventheprize?4.TheyexpectedthattheteacherwouldcriticizepreferWhomdidtheyexpecttheteacherwouldcriticize?2021/5/952

定語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):Which,that引導(dǎo)定語從句在定語從句中,which/that在指代事物時(shí)可互換,但在下列情況下不可互換,只用which不用thatA關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)如:ThisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyearB引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

John’sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becauseillanddied2021/5/953C表示繼續(xù)關(guān)系的非限制性定語從句中（這種定語從句的先行詞不是一個(gè)詞，通常是整個(gè)句子，定語從句與所修飾的整個(gè)句子用逗號(hào)開如：Mr.Smithnoddedseveraltimesandsmiled,whichrathersurprisedmeHesawthegirleveryday,whichwasverynaturalManyhasmaderapidprogressinherstudies,whichisknowntousallD當(dāng)先行詞后面有插入語時(shí)如：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhichasIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish2021/5/954只用that不用whichA.先行詞為allmuchlittleeverythinganythingnothingnonetheone

等先行詞如:IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?That’sallthatIknowB.先行詞前有onlyanyfewlittlenoalloneof等修飾語時(shí)如:YoucantakeanyseatthatisfreeThereisalittletimethatwecanspare但I(xiàn)wastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited

這句中用who不用that.若用that有可能理解為office的定語從句改用who,必然理解為person的定語從句2021/5/955

先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或先行詞受序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)如:ThisisthefirstcompositionthatIhavewritteninEnglishD.先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或先行詞受最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)如:ThisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyearE.先行詞為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be后面的表語時(shí)如:It’sabookthatwillhelpyoualotF.主句以therebe開頭時(shí)如:Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree2021/5/956

先行詞是數(shù)詞如:YesterdayIcaughttwofish,nowyoucanseethetwofishthatarestillaliveinabasinofwaterH.先行詞受same修飾時(shí)如：sheiswearingthesamedressthat(=as)sheworeatthemeetingIhavethesameopinionthat(=as)youhaveI.先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)如：LaterwevisitedtheschoolandtheteacherthatIhadvisitedlastyear.2021/5/957先行詞為allanyoneoneones指人時(shí)多用who不用thatAllwhoheardthenewswereamazedAnyonewhorefusedtobowwasthrownintoprison凡拒絕鞠躬的人都被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneverbehappy在以therebe開頭的句子中多用who不用thatThereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou在非限制性定語從句中,需用who如:AbrahamLincoln,whowasmurderedatatheatreinwashingD.C,diedonApril15,18652021/5/958在被分隔的的定語從句中需用whoAnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman

一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中的一個(gè)從句的關(guān)系代詞是who另一個(gè)是thatThestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodesty(謙虛)andstudiesveryhard若先行詞接兩個(gè)以上的并列的定語從句后一個(gè)定語從句須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，以免產(chǎn)生誤解如:Thereisateacherwhopresentthematerialinthemostinterestingwayandwhoenjoyswhatheteaches2021/5/959只用that不用who若先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)thelast,same或only修飾時(shí)，多用that,

如：ThefirstpersonthatIvisitedtherewasMr.GreenHeisthelastmanthatIwanttoseeHeisthefinestworkmatethatIhaveeverworkedwithSheisthesameteacherthatwaspraisedtheotherdaySheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme2021/5/960當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，定語從句須用that,以免與先行詞重復(fù)如：Whothathascommonsensewilldosuchathing?

凡是有常識(shí)的人會(huì)做出這種事來嗎？

Whichoneofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?

我們當(dāng)中懂得一些物理的人誰不知這個(gè)呢？

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?

站在大門口的那個(gè)人是誰？2021/5/961若先行詞兼人或物時(shí)須用that如：Hetalkedabouttheteacherandschoolsthathehadvisited若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語須用that如:Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe2021/5/962Whose,ofwhom,ofwhich的區(qū)別Whose可指人也可指物Ofwhom只指人Ofwhich只指物如：Thisistheboywhosehousecaughtfirelastweek(whose指人)Thetablewhoselegswerebrokenhasbeenrepaired(whose指物)Iwanttotalktothestudentsthehomeworkofwhomhasn’tbeenhandedin(ofwhom指人)Thatisourroom,thewindowsofwhichfacethesouth(ofwhich指物)2021/5/963whose能和ofwhom,ofwhich互換，但whose須放在無定冠詞the的名詞前，ofwhom和ofwhich常放在有定冠詞the的名詞后，如:weiFangisthegirlwhosehandwriting(=thehandwritingofwhom)isthebestinourclasschina,whosearea(=theareaofwhich)isabout9,600,km2,liesineastofAsia注：有時(shí)ofwhom和ofwhich

也可放在有定的、冠詞the的名詞前ThemountaininthetopofwhichiscoveredwithsnowThemountaininwhichthetopiscoveredwithsnow2021/5/964從句的主語是表示部分與整體的關(guān)系的代詞some,many,few,most,much,little等時(shí)不能用whoseAllthosepresentatthemeetingwereadvancedworkers,mostofwhomwerepartymembersProfessorLiislookingthroughhisstudent’spapers,someofwhicharewritteninEnglish.Heisgivenasalotofinformationlittleofwhichisvaluable2021/5/965從句的主語是表示同位關(guān)系的代詞：all,both,each,none,neither,等時(shí)，不能用whoseIhavetwosons,bothofwhomareuniversitystudentsShetoldusmanystories,noneofwhichwasinteresting從句的主語是數(shù)詞時(shí),不能用whoseTherearefiftystudentsinourclass,twentyofwhomaregirlsTheYoungpioneershaveplantedmanytrees,andthirdofwhicharepinetrees(松樹)2021/5/966在從句中作表語的定語時(shí),不能用whose如：look,therecometheheroes,ofwhomYangLinisoneThestoriesaboutLongMarch,ofwhichthisoneexample,arewellwritten2021/5/967Noone與none的區(qū)別noone用來指人,含有notevenone(連一個(gè)也沒有)之意，其后不能接of短語，當(dāng)它用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)如：NooneknowswhattheyfoughtaboutNoonelikesapersonwithbadmannersnone不僅指人也指物，其后接of短語，構(gòu)成“of+名詞、代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，單名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可如：“I’msorry”hesaidtotheclass,“butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough”Noneofthemhas/haveseenhim2021/5/968none還可用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象概念，表示“一點(diǎn)也不”之意。比如haveoneof,notallow“不允許“

,notaccept(不接受)如:Heknewabouttheorder,andheknewwhythesoldierswerethere,buthewouldhavenoneofit他知道這道命令,也知道士兵為什么站在那里,但他根本不理這一套Marywantedtogotherealone,butherparentswouldhavenoneofit說明：此短語中have的意思是“容許，接受“別人的行為造成的結(jié)果2021/5/969在簡(jiǎn)略答語中noone用來回答who的問句，而none則用來回答hoemany/howmuch引起的問句，不可混用如：1.whoareyouspeakingto?Noone2.Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?None2021/5/970nobody,nothing,none的用法區(qū)別:none可與由of連接的人或物組成短語，這時(shí)不能用nobody和nothing替換如:NoneofuswenttotheconcertlastnightNoneofworkerscanhavechildren不涉及確指的人或物時(shí),不能有none要用nobody或nothing如:Helookedround,butcouldseenobodyHelistened,butcouldhearnothingnone可以指代前面提到的人或物，nobody和nothing沒有這種作用，如:Hehasabrother,butIhavenoneIhavetwoEnglish-Chinesedictionaries,butshehasnone2021/5/971

none用來回答“howmany”和“howmuch”的問題,而nobody和nothing則分別用來回答“who..”和“what..”的問題如：1----Howmanystudentsinyourclasswenttothepark?----None2.----Whomdidyouseeenterthelovelyhouse?----Nobody3.----What’sonthetable?----Nothing2021/5/972none用來回答“any+名詞”構(gòu)成的一般疑問句而nobody和nothing分別用來回答由anybody和anything構(gòu)成的一