高一上期末沖刺基礎(chǔ)知識部分人教版

基礎(chǔ)知識（人教版）目錄語法詞匯語法

動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)目錄ContentsAB定語從句Howmanykindsoftensesdoyouknow?語法--時態(tài)時態(tài)共計16種，常用的有12種方式/時間現(xiàn)在將來過去過去將來一般worksshall/willworkworkedshould/wouldwork進行am/is/areworkingshall/willbeworkingwas/wereworkingshould/wouldbeworking完成have/hasworkedshall/willhaveworkedhadworkedshould/wouldhaveworked完成進行體have/hasbeenworkingshall/willhavebeenworkinghadbeenworkingshould/wouldhavebeenworking語法--時態(tài)語法--時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作日常行為永久的狀態(tài)一般真理不可改變的事件或既定習(xí)慣，如：列車時刻表主將從現(xiàn)1、IwillgiveJimtheschedulefortomorrow’sconferencewhenhe_____back.Heistochairtheconference.A.willcomeB.cameesD.iscoming2、Hurryup,thetrain______Beijingatsix.A.leavesB.leavedC.willbeleftD.isleaving語法--時態(tài)3、Ourteachertoldusthattheearth

aroundthesun.A.circlesB.circledC.willcircleD.iscircling現(xiàn)在進行時說話時正在進行的動作一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常進行的動作（暫時的習(xí)慣）表示將來表示某種情緒，如贊揚或厭惡等語法--時態(tài)2023/6/3對比下面兩個句子He

alwaysfinisheshishomeworkontime.Heisalwaysfinishinghishomeworkontime.語法--時態(tài)She’smakingafilmthesedays.---DoyouhaveanyplansforthisSunday?---Yes.IamvisitingmycousinwhohasjustreturnedfromAmerica.Sheisalwayscomplaining.(一般都會用always)語法--時態(tài)2023/6/31.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.I_______mymum.A.havetaken B.amtaking C.take D.willhavetaken2.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelt.Theplane_______.A.takesoff

B.istakingoffC.hastakenoff

D.tookoff3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People_______toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phone

B.willphoneC.werephoning

D.arephoning語法--時態(tài)一般將來時will/shalldo將來安排要做或發(fā)生的事begoingtodo有跡象（天氣）...,打算....bedoing現(xiàn)進表將來

go,come,stay,leave,do,take,have等，

表示“馬上就，逐漸地，反復(fù)的”be(about)todo表示很短時間內(nèi)要發(fā)生的動作

后面一般不加具體時間does表示不可改變的時間表語法--時態(tài)betodo打算計劃做

Mr.Black______Shanghaiinafewdays.Doyouknowwhentheearliestplane_____onSunday?A.leaves;takesoff

B.isleaving;takesoffC.isleaving;istakingoffD.leaves;istakingoff學(xué)以致用：語法--時態(tài)一般過去時過去完成的動作過去的狀態(tài)與習(xí)慣情景對話中語法--時態(tài)---Youknowquitealotabouttheplan．---Well．Lucy

(introduce)

ittomeduringtheweekend．（12-13朝陽第一學(xué)年30題）introduced過去進行時過去一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動作描述故事發(fā)生的背景或狀態(tài)when/while引導(dǎo)的過去時間狀語中語法--時態(tài)Onedayhewaslookinginasecond-handfurnitureshopwhenhesawanamazingobject.現(xiàn)在完成時動作過去發(fā)生并對現(xiàn)在有影響（過發(fā)現(xiàn)影）發(fā)生在過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（過發(fā)持續(xù)；動詞必須可持續(xù)）It/Thisisthe+序數(shù)詞/最高級+名詞+that從句語法--時態(tài)注意時間狀語！---Whereismycar?Ijustparkeditbehindyourhouse.---Ithasdisappearednow.（13-14第一學(xué)年東城期末13題）TheWilliamsmovedtoasaferareaandsincethentheyhaven’tlookedbackontheirpastlife.---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.語法--時態(tài)2023/6/3語法--時態(tài)過去完成時過去的過去Theoldmanwonderedwhohadtakenawayhishatbymistake.時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時一般過去時過去進行時

現(xiàn)在完成時一般將來時amisare+doneamisare+beingdonewas/were+donehave/hasbeen+donewillbe+done語法—被動語態(tài)was/were+beingdone定語3412

先行詞定語從句類型關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：語法—定語從句2023/6/3關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系詞作用：連接作用——橋梁在從句中作成分that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,why語法—定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語和定語詞例先行詞充當成分例句who人主語Thisisthedoctorwho

savedmylife.whom人賓語Sheisthenewstudent(whom)Iwanttotelltoyou.that人&物主語、賓語（指人相當于which物主語、賓語Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.2.Thenovel(which)Tomboughtisveryinteresting.as物主語、賓語Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.whose=ofwhom\ofwhich人定語TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams語法—定語從句注意1：只能用that不用which或者who的情況：先行詞前有下列詞出現(xiàn)時只能用that序數(shù)詞(thefirst等)特指(theonly/thevery)先行詞同時有人和物在who/which問句中形容詞最高級(thebest等)不定代詞(something/nothing/anything/all等表不確定數(shù)量)

注意2：只能用which或者who不用that的情況：1）有介詞時，介詞+which(介詞只能與which/whom連用)2）在非限定定語從句（有逗號的定語從句）3）先行詞為that/those時：What’sthatwhichisfloatingontheriver?語法—定語從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當狀語when=at\in\on\duringwhich時間狀語We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.where=at\in\towhich地點狀語Thisisthehousewherehelived.why=forwhich原因狀語Iknowthereasonwhysheworkssowell.語法—定語從句2023/6/3語法—定語從句從句類型

說明

例句限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的成分，去掉它主句意思往往不完整。譯為“…的”，作前置定語Adoctorisapersonwhocurespatients.醫(yī)生就是治療病人的人。

非限制性定語從句(考點)是先行詞的附加說明，去掉它不會影響主句的意思，與主句用逗號隔開。翻譯時一般將主句和從句譯成并列形式。Sallysaidshewouldsolvealltheproblemallbyherself,whichIdoubtverymuch.（13-14東城第一學(xué)年期末22題）課堂練習(xí)請看講義第6頁詞匯---核心詞匯轉(zhuǎn)到短語核心單詞cultureentrancereceptionfancyrarevaluablesurvivedecorateremovedoubtselectsink2023/6/3核心單詞explodedesignvolunteerpainresponsibilityathletecompetitorbasisregularancientmagicalcompete2023/6/3核心單詞admitadvertisedeservebargainchargereplacehostfinetechnologyapplicationcharactergoal2023/6/3核心單詞appearancefinanceintelligentartificialelectronicsolveexplorecalculateariseprotectionincidentloss2023/6/3核心單詞harmextinctionreserveendangeredsecuredistantcertainunexpectedfaithfuldecreasecontaininspect2023/6/3核心單詞huntsucceedemploybiteappreciateaffectresponddisappearfamedevotioncashhumorous