《英語（二）》全國高等教育自學(xué)考試考前點(diǎn)題卷二

《英語（二）》全國高等教育自學(xué)考試考前點(diǎn)題卷二[問答題]1.Directions:Writeashortessaywi（江南博哥）thaclearcendivalideaandeffectivedevelopment.Youshouldbaseyourwritingonthefollowingsituation.MostcitizensinBeijingarepleasedwiththefreebusdivavelprovidedtoseniorsover65yearsold.However,aheateddiscussionhasbeendiviggeredwhenseniorstakethebusatrushhourwiththeyoungworkers,becauseitintensifiesdivafficjams.Somesuggestcancelingthefreerideforseniorsatrushhourwhileothersstatethatduerespectshouldbegiventoseniors.Whichsidewouldyoutakeandwhatreasonscanyouoffer?參考答案：（略）共享題干題下面的短文后列出了10個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷，如果該句提供的是正確信息，選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，選擇C。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]1.SouthandEastAsiaarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：這里的關(guān)鍵詞是SouthandEastAsia，定位到文章的第一句話“WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia...”，意思是說過去十幾年貿(mào)易全球化中東亞和南亞是最大的贏家，與題干的意思是吻合的，因此題干是正確的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]2.Japanhasalongdivadingdivadition.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：這里的關(guān)鍵詞是tradingtradition，在原文中找到相關(guān)描述“EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition...”雖然這里沒有直接提到日本，但是東亞就包括了日本，所以題干說法是正確的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]3.RussiawaswronglyguidedbytheIMF.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：這里的關(guān)鍵詞是Russia，第二段第二句話FirstamongtheseisRussia，which...這里的these指的是前面一句話Insomeregions，certaincountrieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies，oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.因此說法正確。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]4.AllAfricancoundiviesfollowedtheIMFformula.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：B參考解析：關(guān)鍵詞是Africancountries和IMFformula，相關(guān)句子在最后一段話：BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages...thatrancountertoIMFprescriptions。博茨瓦納和烏干達(dá)都是非洲國家，可見并非所有非洲國家都遵守了國際貨幣基金組織的準(zhǔn)則。因此所有非洲國家都遵守了國際貨幣基金組織準(zhǔn)則的說法是錯(cuò)誤的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]5.TheSovietUnionwasacapitalistcoundivy.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGwen參考答案：B參考解析：關(guān)鍵詞SovietUnion，在原文的第一段話中說TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.這里的shelteredfrom是“避開、回避”的意思，free-market是“自由市場”，我們知道資本主義國家的市場體系是自由市場，所以蘇聯(lián)不是資本主義國家。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]6.Ausdivaliaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：C參考解析：Australia原文中沒有提到，所以說法缺乏依據(jù)。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]7.Chinaisthebiggestwinnerfromglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞biggestwinner可以定位到文章的最后一段的第一句話，指出中國是全球化中最大的贏家，與題干是一致的。因此本題是正確的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]8.ChinadidnottakeIMFadvice.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：最后一段話的第一句就說明了中國是沒有采用國際基金貨幣組織準(zhǔn)則。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]9.ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：C參考解析：原文中俄羅斯私有化部分沒有提到題干的內(nèi)容。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集團(tuán)）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（給以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡頭政治執(zhí)政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[單選題]10.BotswanaandUgandaachievedvigorousgrowthfromglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven參考答案：A參考解析：本題的關(guān)鍵詞是BotswanaandUganda，可以定位到文章的最后一段的第三句話，“BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingstablecivilsocieties,liberalizingtradeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.”博茨瓦納和烏干達(dá)也是在全球化中成功的案例。因此本題是正確的。閱讀下面短文，請從短文后各題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中選出1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。Sleepingisveryancient.Intheelecdivoencephalographic（腦電圖儀的）senseweshareitwithalltheprimates（靈長類動(dòng)物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行動(dòng)物）.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators（食肉動(dòng)物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不動(dòng)）andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheireartoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Whyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.[單選題]11.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps().A.shallowlyB.ononesideC.withoutmovingD.intermittently參考答案：C參考解析：本題的依據(jù)在第二段?！癐ndreamsleep，theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.”在該句中我們可以找到關(guān)鍵詞“immobilized”與“unresponsive”，它們實(shí)際上與“withoutmoving”同義。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容都與原文不符。Sleepingisveryancient.Intheelecdivoencephalographic（腦電圖儀的）senseweshareitwithalltheprimates（靈長類動(dòng)物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行動(dòng)物）.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators（食肉動(dòng)物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不動(dòng)）andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheireartoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Whyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.[單選題]12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanimalsthatarepreyrarelyexperiencedreamsleepbecausethey().A.wouldbecaughtifdeeplyasleepB.needmoresleepthanpredatorsC.areparticularlyintelligentanimalsD.haveevolvedfurtherthanpredators參考答案：A參考解析：文章在第二段中提到，在做夢的睡眠中，動(dòng)物是一動(dòng)不動(dòng)的，對外界刺激毫無反應(yīng)。這樣的情況對被捕食的動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)绻煤芩?，就有可能被食肉?dòng)物吃掉。所以我們可以推斷，這些動(dòng)物睡覺時(shí)很少做夢，因?yàn)槭焖瘯?huì)被別的動(dòng)物逮住。Sleepingisveryancient.Intheelecdivoencephalographic（腦電圖儀的）senseweshareitwithalltheprimates（靈長類動(dòng)物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行動(dòng)物）.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators（食肉動(dòng)物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不動(dòng)）andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheireartoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanima