音樂術(shù)語(yǔ)手冊(cè)

音樂術(shù)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)手冊(cè)本手冊(cè)對(duì)有興趣學(xué)習(xí)音樂專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生和教師可能有用音樂雙語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)雙語(yǔ)用句TheconventionalsentencesformusicteachingStudents,pleaseentertheclassroomaccordingtothebeatofthemelody.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們按照樂曲節(jié)拍進(jìn)教室。Pleaseactinaccordancewiththetempoofthemelodybythepiano.根據(jù)鋼琴?gòu)椬嗟臉非俣冗M(jìn)行活動(dòng)。Pleaseaccompanythemelodywiththepercussioninstruments.用打擊樂器為樂曲伴奏。Willyouplaytherhythmwithyourrighthand?能否用右手打出節(jié)奏？Willyoustampoutthemeterbyyourtwofeet?能否用雙腳踩出節(jié)拍？Pleaseuseyourbodyvibrationtoexpressthechangeofmoodofthemusic.請(qǐng)用身體搖動(dòng)來表現(xiàn)音樂情緒變化。Let’sbeginthemusicgame.音樂游戲現(xiàn)在開始。Whatisthisnote?這是一個(gè)什么音符？Whatisthekindofthissong’smeter?這是一首什么節(jié)拍的歌曲？Doyougetitwhichnoteiscorrect?能否分辨那個(gè)音符是正確的？Let’stakethesightsingingofthemelody.請(qǐng)大家視唱旋律。Pleasereadthewordsofthesongloudly.請(qǐng)朗讀歌詞。Pleaseputdownthemelodyforthephrase.請(qǐng)為歌詞配上旋律。Thefirstgroupwillsingthehighvocalregister.高聲部由第一組演唱。Pleasekeeptheunityofthetonecholer.保持音色的統(tǒng)一。Pleasepayattentiontothechangeofrhythm.注意節(jié)奏的變化。ThenationalanthemofPeople'sRepublicofChinaiswordedbyTian-hanandcomposedbyNieer.中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)歌是由田漢作詞，聶耳譜曲。Pleasepayattentiontothebreathcontrolwhenyouaresinging.注意演唱時(shí)的呼吸控制。Nowlet'ssingthenationalantheminunisonwiththepianoaccompaniment.現(xiàn)在我們?cè)阡撉侔樽嘞慢R唱國(guó)歌。Students,whenyouareplayingthemelodic,pleasepayattentiontothefingeringmark.同學(xué)們，吹奏口風(fēng)琴時(shí)要注意指法標(biāo)記。Pleasesingthefirstpassageofthesongwithyourbrightvoice.請(qǐng)用明亮的嗓音演唱第一段歌曲。Singthedeepvocalregisterofthemelodywithadeepvoice.低聲部旋律請(qǐng)用渾厚的聲音演唱Let’sappreciatetheartsong.讓我們欣賞藝術(shù)歌曲。Itistheariaoftheopera.這是歌劇中的詠嘆調(diào)。ThetwostringedfiddlesisaChineseinstrumentofdistinctiveeffect.''二胡〃是中國(guó)的特色樂器。Yourmusicfeelingisverygood.你們的樂感很好！Look!Twinkle,twinklelittlestar.Let’ssing.瞧！閃爍的小星，讓我們來唱一唱。Singingwithsweetnaturalvoice.聲音甜美，自然統(tǒng)一Rhythmgame節(jié)奏游戲Followtheteacherandclaphandsaccordingtorhythm.跟著老師拍節(jié)奏。Nowlet’splayamusicgame.Followme,please.現(xiàn)在，讓我們做個(gè)音樂游戲，請(qǐng)跟我做。Playgame,givemetheechoeswhenIgiveyoutherhythms.做游戲，我拍得強(qiáng).請(qǐng)你們拍輕做回聲。Practiceswithyourfriends.自由練習(xí)。34.Someonecanusethetambourine.可以用鈴鼓拍節(jié)奏。Listennotesgame'Getstools”聽看游戲''搶座位〃Look!Fivemusicsoldierscomehere.瞧，五個(gè)音樂士兵過來了。Theyareverytiredbuttheyhaveonlyfourstools.他們只找到了四個(gè)椅子，怎么辦？導(dǎo)入:Ling Bell’sringing.Let’ssing“GOODMORING”鈴響了，早上了，讓我們唱唱''早上好〃。Nowlet’sdomorningexercises.現(xiàn)在，讓我們來做早操。Readlyric.讀歌詞Followthesongwhorls.Dotheactionsandreadafterme.跟我讀歌詞并跟我做。Now,wewilllearnanewEnglishsong“MORNINGEXERCISES”出示課題："MORNINGEXERCISES"Listencarefully.仔細(xì)聽Let’ssingwith“l(fā)u、lU”.用“l(fā)u>lu"模唱。Let’sreadthesentencestogether.輕聲跟唱。I’llsingthefirstandthenyou'llsingjustlikeIdo.我唱第一句你們唱第二句。Practicewithyourfriend.相互對(duì)唱。Listenmusicandgooutclassroom.聽音樂出教室vibration振動(dòng)sound音tone音(樂音)musicaltone樂音noise噪音acoustics聲學(xué)psychoacoustics心理聲學(xué)frequency頻率intensity強(qiáng)度time時(shí)間waveform波形pitch音高loudness響度duration時(shí)值timbre音色(tonecolororquality)tuningfork音叉puretone純音complextone復(fù)音(compositetone)overtone(s)泛音(aliquottone,harmonics,flageolettone艮口upperpartials)overtoneseries泛音列partial(s)分音(partialtone)fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)step音級(jí)(scalestep,degree)accidental(s)變音記號(hào)sharp升號(hào)flat降號(hào)double-sharp重升號(hào)double-flat重降號(hào)nature還原號(hào)intonation音準(zhǔn)octave八度range音域(compass)(voice)register音區(qū)smallc小字組cgreatC大字組CcontraC大字二組Cunaccentedoctave小字組one-linedoctave小字一組(one-line)two-linedoctave小字二組(two-line)three-linedoctave小字三組(three-line)four-lineoctave小字四組(four-line)temperament樂律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)justintonation純律pitchname音名enharmonicnotes等音(whole)tone全音half-tone半音naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音chromatictone變化全音chromatichalf-tone變化半音notation記譜法staff樂譜trebleclef高音譜號(hào)bassclef低音譜號(hào)clef譜號(hào)(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(wholenote，美)minim二分音符(halfnote，美)crotchet四分音符(quarternote，美)quaver八分音符(eighthnote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote，美)hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote，美)dot附點(diǎn)doubledot復(fù)附點(diǎn)dottednote附點(diǎn)音符dottedrest附點(diǎn)休止符score總譜legerline(s)加線(ledgerline(s))head符頭stem符干hook符尾(tail)space間line線tie延音線pause延長(zhǎng)號(hào)(hold,fermata)bar小節(jié)(barline小節(jié)線,measure)legato連音，連奏staccato斷音，斷奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relativepitch相對(duì)音高(聽覺)absolutepitch絕對(duì)音高(聽覺)sight-singing視唱fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音調(diào)唱名法lyra樂徽rhythm節(jié)奏rhythmicpattern節(jié)奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子(time)duplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)simplemeter(s)單拍子compoundmeter(s)復(fù)拍子compoundduplemeter(s)復(fù)二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundtriplemeter(s)復(fù)三拍子(9/4,9/8)compoundquadruplemeter(s)復(fù)四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuplemeter五拍子timesignature拍號(hào)multi-meter變化拍子irregularmeter(不規(guī)則)混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome節(jié)拍機(jī)(M.M.=Malzel’s~)duplet二連音triplet三連音quadruplet四連音quintuplet五連音sextuplet六連音septuplet七連音tempo速度dynamics力度tempomark(s)速度標(biāo)記dynamicmark(s)力度標(biāo)記mode調(diào)式(狹指教會(huì)調(diào)式；廣指調(diào)式)scale音階key調(diào)tonality調(diào)性atonality無調(diào)性bitonality雙重調(diào)性polytonality多調(diào)性major大調(diào)minor小調(diào)keysignature調(diào)號(hào)pentatonic五聲的natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和聲的whole-tone全音的chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scaledegree(調(diào)式)音級(jí)tonic(I)主音，主和弦supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦mediant(III)中音，中音和弦subdominant(IV)下屬音，下屬和弦dominant(V)屬音，屬和弦submediant(VI)下中音，下中音和弦(super-dominant)leadingtone(VII)導(dǎo)音，導(dǎo)和弦(subtonic)brokenchord分解和弦alteredchord變和弦falsechord假和弦resolution解決relativekeys關(guān)系大小調(diào)parallelkeys同主音調(diào)interval音程melodicinterval旋律音程harmonicinterval和聲音程root根音（fundamental）scalestep音級(jí)（音級(jí)數(shù)：numberofscalestep）simpleinterval單音程compoundinterval復(fù)音程enharmonicintervals等音程inversion轉(zhuǎn)位（complement）minor?。ㄒ舫蹋﹎ajor大（音程）perfect完全，純（音程）augmented增（音程）diminished減（音程）double-augmented倍增（音程）double-diminished倍減（音程）unison同度，一度（prime）second二度third三度f(wàn)ourth四度f(wàn)ifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度ninth九度tenth十度eleventh十^―度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonicinterval自然（音程）chromaticinterval變化（音程）consonant協(xié)和（音程、和弦）dissonant不協(xié)和（音程、和弦）chord和弦triad三和弦majortriad大三和弦minortriad小三和弦diminishedtriad減三和弦augmentedtriad增三和弦rootposition原位firstinversion第一轉(zhuǎn)位secondinversion第二轉(zhuǎn)位thirdinversion第三轉(zhuǎn)位sixthchord六和弦sixth-fourchord四六和弦seventhchord七和弦dominantseventhchord屬七和弦diminishedseventhchord減七和弦ninthchord九和弦augmentedsixthchord增六和弦Added-sixthchord加六度和弦fourthchord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和聲學(xué)harmonicanalysis和聲分析functionalharmony功能和聲modulation轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)transposition移調(diào)chromaticscale半音階diatonicscale自然音階passingtone經(jīng)過音neighboringtone輔助音(auxiliarytone，upperorlower)anticipation先現(xiàn)音suspension延留音ornament(s)裝飾音trill顫音mordent波音(uppermordent)invertedmordent逆波音(lowermordent；早期稱Schneller)doublemordent復(fù)波音invertedturn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重復(fù)unity統(tǒng)一variety變化variation變奏themewithvariation主題與變奏comparison對(duì)比augmentation展開climax高潮sequence模進(jìn)melodicsequence旋律模進(jìn)harmonicsequence和聲模進(jìn)melodicprogression旋律進(jìn)行melodiccontour旋律輪廓motive動(dòng)機(jī)development發(fā)展thematicmaterial主題材料phrase樂句phrasing分句period樂段cadence終止perfectcadence完全終止imperfectcadence不完全終止halfcadence半終止authenticcadence正格終止plagalcadence變格終止interruptedcadence阻礙終止deceptivecadence偽終止musicalform曲式one-partform一段式，一部曲式binaryform二段式，二部曲式（AB）roundedbinaryform（有再現(xiàn)的）二段式ternaryform三段式，三部曲式（ABA）four-partform四段式five-partform五段式variationform變奏曲式（A，A1，A2,A3.?.）strophicform分節(jié)歌（a，a，a，a...）rondoform回旋曲式（ABACA）sonataform奏鳴曲式exposition呈示部development展開部recapitulation再現(xiàn)部rondosonataform回旋奏鳴曲式movement樂章prelude前奏（曲）interlude間奏（曲）coda尾聲trio三聲中部cadanza華彩樂段musicalform體裁reduction改編（縮編）trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五重奏opera歌劇ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱團(tuán)choralmusic合唱音樂cantata康塔塔mass彌撒oratorio清唱?jiǎng)assion受難曲symphony交響曲concerto協(xié)奏曲sonata奏鳴曲sonatina小奏鳴曲band軍樂隊(duì)bandmusic軍樂etude練習(xí)曲march進(jìn)行曲jazz爵士樂overture序曲ballata敘事曲intermezzo間奏曲waltz圓舞曲，華爾茲allemande阿勒曼德courante庫(kù)朗特sarabande薩拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅茲tarantella塔蘭臺(tái)拉govotte加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕薩卡利亞capriccio隨想曲fantasia幻想曲lullaby搖籃曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral眾贊歌reguiem安魂曲symphonicpoem交響詩(shī)toccata托卡塔serenade小夜曲nocturn夜曲rhapsody狂想曲minuet小步舞曲recitative宣敘調(diào)aria詠嘆調(diào)songswithoutword無詞歌invention創(chuàng)意曲scherzo諧謔曲mazurka瑪祖卡polka波爾卡foxtrot狐步舞blues布魯斯rumba倫巴disco迪斯科suite組曲fugue賦格instrumentalmusic器樂musicalinstrument樂器instrumentation樂器法orchestra管弦樂隊(duì)orchestration配器法conductor指揮concertmaster首席podium指揮臺(tái)woodwindinstruments木管樂器piccolo短笛flute長(zhǎng)笛oboe雙簧管clarinet單簧管（黑管）bassclarinet低音單簧管bassoon大管（巴松）contrabassoon低音大管Englishhorn英國(guó)管brasswindinstruments銅管樂器Frenchhorn圓號(hào)，法國(guó)號(hào)trumpet小號(hào)cornet短號(hào)trombone長(zhǎng)號(hào)tuba大號(hào)basstuba低音大號(hào)doublebasstuba倍低音大號(hào)tenortuba次中音大號(hào)bass低音號(hào)saxophone薩克斯管euphonium尤風(fēng)寧號(hào)percussion（s）打擊樂kettledrum定音鼓bassdrum大鼓tenordrum中鼓sidedrum小鼓triangle三角鐵chimes排鐘marimba瑪林巴tubularbells管鐘glockenspiel鐘琴vibraphone顫音琴castanets響板whip鞭響器rattle搖響器anvil樂砧tambourine鈴鼓tabor塔波鼓bongo邦戈鼓gong鑼t