2023年北京大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案

PａrtＴwo：StructｕreandWriｔteｎExpressｉon20Direcｔiｏns:Iｎeachｑueｓｔionｄeｃidｅｗhichoffourchoｉcｅsgivｅnｗilｌｍostｓｕitablyｃｏｍpletetｈeｓentenceｉfinｓｅrtｅdatthｅｐlacemarked.MarｋyｏuｒchoicesontheANＳWERＳHEＥT．21.Thenuｃlearfamily＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)____aselｆ-contａined,ｓelf－ｓatisfyingunitｃomｐoseｄoｆfather,motherandｃhｉldｒｅｎ.A.refeｒｓtoB.defiｎesC.desｃribｅｓD．devotestｏ22.Ｓomepollsshoｗthatroughlｙtwo-ｔhirdsofthｅgeneralｐｕｂlicbelｉｅvethatelｄerlyＡmeｒicanｓａre＿＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)bysocialｉｓｏlａt(yī)iｏnａｎｄlonelinｅｓs.A.rｅproacheｄＢ.ｆａvoｒｅdC.ｐlaｇuedＤ.ｒeprｅｈended2３.Ｉnaｄdｉtiontobettｅriｎｇgroupandiｎｄiｖidualperfｏrmance,coｏperatｉｏｎ______＿＿theｑｕalityoｆinterpｅrsonaｌｒeｌatiｏnsｈip．A.aｓcｅnｄsB.cｏmpelｓＣ.enhａncｅsD.prefers24.Ｉｎthepａst5０yｅars，thｅrｅ_____＿_(dá)＿ａgｒｅaｔiｎｃreａsｅｉnｔｈｅamｏuntoｆｒeｓeaｒcｈ＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)onｔhehumａｎbrａin.A.ｗas…ｄｉdB.hasbeen…tobedoneC.wａs…doinｇD.haｓｂeen…dｏne２5.“Imｕsthaveｅａｔensomethingｗｒoｎg.Ifeellｉke__＿_(dá)_.”“Wetｏldｙｏunoｔｔoeａt(yī)ａt(yī)arestaｕｒａnt.Yoｕ’ｄbeｔteｒ＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)__athomewhenyouarenotiｎｔheｓhape.”A.ｔothrowup…tｏeａt(yī)B.tｈrowinｇup…eatingC.tｏｔhrowup…eaｔD.thｒowｉｎgup…eat2６.Parｅntshａveｔoshowｄｕｅｃonｃernstｏtｈeircｈilｄren’ｓcｒeatｉvitｙaｎdemotionａｌｏutｐuｔ;oｔheｒwisewhａｔtheythiｎkbenefiｃiａltｏthｅｋｉdsｍiｇhtｐroｂably____＿_(dá)_theirenthusiａsｍanｄaｓpｉrations.A.ｈoldｂａcｋB.holｄtｏC.holddｏｗｎＤ.hoｌｄoｖeｒ27.Accordingtopsｙchoanaｌysis,apersoｎ’satｔenｔionisattｒacted___＿_(dá)___bｙtheｉntensitｙofｄifferｅｎｔsignals_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)bythｅｉｒcｏntｅxt,signifｉcaｎce，ａndinｆｏrmatioｎcoｎteｎt．Ａ.nｏｔlesstｈan…asB.as…justasC.ｓomucｈ…aｓD.notｓomuch…as28．TheymovedtｏPortlandin19９8ａｎdｌｉvediｎａbighousｅ,___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)tｏｔｈeｓouth．A．theｗｉndowｓofwhichｏpｅneｄB.theｗindowｓofitopｅｎedC.itｓwindowｓoｐenedD．tｈewｉndｏwsｏｆwｈｉchｏpeniｎg29.Ｔheladywhohａs_______foranｉghtｉnthedeadoｆtheｗｉntｅｒlateｒｔurneｄｏｕttobｅａdｉstaｎｔｒelaｔioｎofhis.Ａ.puthｉmupB．puthiｍoｕtC．putｈimonD.puthｉmin3０．Ｂｙｓｔanderｓ,_______,_________asｔheyｗalｋedpasｔlinｅsofambｕｌances．Ａ.blｏｏdｙandｃｏｖｅrｅdwｉthdｕst，lookingdazedB．bloodieｄａｎdｃovereｄwiｔｈdusｔ,ｌｏｏkeddazedＣ.bｌoodyandcｏveredwitｈdｕst,lookｅddａzedD.blooｄiedａnｄcoveredwithdｕst,ｌooｋｉngdaｚｅd31.HｏngKongwａsnotataｒgetforterrorattacks，ｔheＧoｖerｎｍentinsｉｓtedyｅsｔｅrｄaｙ，astheUS＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__ｃloｓedforaｎａpｐarentsｅcuritｙrevｉｅw.A．ＣonsｕlationB.CｏnｓtｉｔutｉoｎC.ＣoｎｓulaｔeD.Consular32.AmeriｃaｎfansｈaveseｌｅｃｔedYａoinａvｏtefｏrtheAlｌ-Starｇame＿＿＿＿_(dá)_theleｇｅndaｒｙＯ’Ｎｅal,ｗho_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿the“Ｇreａt(yī)Waｌｌ”aｔｔheweeｋenｄaｓtｈeRｏcketｓbeatthｅLosAngelesLaｋerｓ.A.iｎheadof，ｒanonB.inheadof,raｎiｎtoC.aheadoｆ，ranontoＤ.aheadｏf,ｒaｎiｎtｏ3３.Profｅssioｎalarchｉｖiｓｔsａnｄlibｒariaｎshａveｔｈerｅsｏurcｅstodｕplicaｔemａt(yī)erialsinotheｒforｍaｔsandｔhｅe(cuò)ｘpertiｓｅtｏｒetrievemateｒｉaｌstｒａppedin___＿＿_(dá)__＿ｃomｐuteｒs.A.ａｂstracｔB.obｓoleteＣ.ｏｂｓｔｉnaｔeD．obｅse34.Sheａlwaysprintsimpｏrｔantdocuｍentsandstoresabａcｋｕpsetａt(yī)herhoｕse.“Ｉａctｕaｌlyｔｈinkｔhere’ｓsoｍethiｎｇaboutthe___＿＿_(dá)ｏfpaperｔｈａt(yī)ｆeelsmoｒecomfortｉng.”Sheｓaid．Ａ.tangiｂilityB．tangleｄnesｓC．tａngentD.tantalizatioｎ3５．“Theyｓaidｗhatｗealwaｙｓkｎeｗ,”ｓａidaｎadmiｎistrationsourcｅ，_＿_(dá)______＿_(dá).A.ｈeaskｅdnoｔtｏbenaｍedＢ.whoaskｅdnottoｄＣ.whｏaskednｏtbｅnamedD．whoaskednｏtｎａｍeｄ36.InGeｒmanｙ,ｔheiｎdｕstriａlgiａntｓDaiｍlerChｒyslerandＳieｍensrecentｌｙ_＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_tｈeｉrunｉｏnsｉntｏsｉgnｉngcontrａctsthatlengthenwｏｒｋhourswiｔhoutｉncreasｉngｐａy.A.muscledB.ｍｏvedＣ.musheｄD.mｕteｄ３7.Hearｇｕeｓthatthｅpolｉcｙｈasｄoｎeliｔtletｏｅasejｏblｅsｓｎｅss,aｎdhasleｆｔthecｏｕｎtry_______.A.enｅrgizedB.ＥｎeｒvaｔedC.NeｒvｅdD．enacted38.Themoｒｅｐeｏｐlehｅarｈisｄemeｎtedrants,ｔhemoretｈeyseethａｔhｅisaｔeｒｒoｒist＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿.A.whoispuｒeandｓimpleB．beingpｕreａndsimｐleC.purｅandsｉmｐleD．a(chǎn)ｓｐｕｒeandsimｐle39．Tｈisｅxpanｓｉoｎofrightshａｓｌedtoｂotｈaｐaralyｓisofthepuｂliｃservｉcｅandtoarapidandterｒible_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)___iｎthecharacterofthepｏpulation．A．deteｒminatiｏｎＢ．deteriorａt(yī)ioｎＣ.desｏｌatioｎD.deｓpeｒａt(yī)ion4０.＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)adeclinｉngbiｒthraｔｅ,ｔherewiｌlｂeanoｖeｒ-ｓupplｙｏf27,000pｒｉｍａｒyｓcｈｏolplaｃesby2０２3,____＿_(dá)_leaviｎg35schoolsｉdle.B.Couｐｌｉngwiｔh,equivalenttoＣ.Ｃoupleｄwith,eｑuiｖaｌｅnttoＤ.Cｏｕplingwiｔh,ｅquａｌｓtoPaｒtThrｅｅ:ＲｅadingComｐｒｅhensｉon10PaｓsａgeOnｅTｈeHeroMymotheｒ’sparentｓcameｆromＨuｎｇａry,butmygｒandfaｔheｒcouｌdtraｃｅhiｓorigintoＧermanｙanｄalsohewasｅducatedinＧｅrmany.Alｔhｏｕghhewasableｔoｈoldａcoｎｖersaｔionｉnｎｉnelanｇuａｇes,hewａｓmostcｏｍfoｒtａbｌeｉｎＧermａn.Ｅvｅrymorning,beforegoingtohisoffice,hereadｔheGｅrmanlａnguaｇｅｎewspaper,wｈiｃhwasＡmericanownｅdandpubｌishediｎNewYork.MｙgrandｆaｔｈｅｒwａｓｔheonlyoneinhｉsfaｍiｌｙｔoｃometothｅUｎiｔedＳtaｔeswｉｔｈhiswifeanｄchilｄren．HestillhadreｌativｅsｌiｖinginEｕrope.Whｅｎtｈeｆirstworｌdwａrbrokeouｔ,hｅlamenteｄtｈｅfａcｔthatiｆｍyuncle，hisonlysonhadｔｏgo,itｗoulｄｂecousｉnfiｇhｔinｇagａinｓtｃoｕｓin.Intheeａｒｌｙｄaysoｆtheｗａｒ,myｇrandmｏthｅrｂｅggeｄhｉｍｔostoｐtａｋinｇtheGeｒmanｎeｗｓｐapeｒandtotａｋeａｎＥngliｓｈｌangｕaｇｅnewｓｐaper，inｓteａd．Heｓｃoｆfedaｔthｅｉdea,eｘpｌainingthattheｆａcｔｉｔwasinGｅrmaｎdidnｏtmakｅiｔａGermａｎｎｅｗsｐaｐｅr,buｔonlyａnAｍeriｃaｎnewｓpaper，prｉｎteｄinGｅrmaｎ.Butｍｙgraｎｄｍothｅｒinｓｉsteｄ,forfeａrthatthｅnｅｉghbｏrsmayｓeehiｍrｅaditandtｈｉnkhewasGerman.So，hｅfｉnaｌｌyｇaveuｐｔheGｅｒｍannewspapｅr.Oneday,ｔｈｅinｅvｉtablｅhappeneｄａndｍｙunclｅＭilｔonrｅceiveｄnｏtｉceｔｏjointhearmy.Mｙgrａnｄparentswereverｙｕpset,bｕtmyｍother,hisｌittleｓister,ｗaseｘcited.Nowshecouldboasｔabouｔｈｅrsoｌｄieｒｂrotｈerｇoingoffｔowar.Shｅwastenyearsoldａｔthetiｍe,anｄmyunclｅ,realizｉｎghowhewasｒｅgardｅdbyhｉslｉttlｅsisterandherfrieｎds，wentoutandbouｇhtthemallｓｅｒvｉcｅpins,whichmeaｎttｈattheyhadaｌoveｄoｎeinthesｅｒｖicｅ.Alltheliｔtlegirｌｓwerｅdelighteｄ.Whｅｎｔheｄayｃameforhｉｍtoｌｅave,hiｓwｈolerｅgiｍenｔ，inｔhｅirunｉforms,lefttogetheｒfromthesametraｉnstａｔｉon.Tｈeｒewasabandplayingandmyｍｏtｈerａndｈｅｒfｒiendscamｅtｏseｅhimｏff.EachonewｏreｈeｒseｒvicepinaｎdwａｖedaｓmａllAｍｅricanflaｇ，cheeｒingtheｂｏys,ａｓthｅyｌeｆｔ.Tｈemomentcａｍeandｔheｓoldierｓ,ａｌlvｅｒyyoung,ｎoｎeofｗhomhadhａｄanyｔraｉniｎg,buｔwhohadneｖｅrtheｌessａllbｅｅniｓsueduniformｓ，boardedｔhｅtｒain.Ｔhebandplａyｅdaｎdｔhｅｃrowｄcｈeeｒeｄ.Thｅｔｒaingroaｎedａsｉfiｔknｅwthｅdestｉnｙtｏwhｉcｈｉtwaｓtaｋｉngitspassｅngｅrs,ｂutitｓooｎbegantomoｖｅ．Sｔillcheeringaｎdｗａvｉngtheirfｌａｇｓ,tｈｅbandstillpｌａyｉｎg,ｔhetｒainslowｌｙｄepartｅdｔhesｔation.Itｈadgoneabｏｕtａt(yī)houｓandｙarｄswｈenitsｕｄdenlｙgroundtoahａｌｔ.Theｂandｓtoppeｄplayiｎg，tｈｅcｒowｄｓtoｐpedｃheering.Eveｒyｏｎegａｚediｎwonderａｓtｈｅｔrainｓlowlybackｅdｕpａｎｄreｔurｎedtoｔhestatｉon.Itsｅe(cuò)mｅｄaneterniｔｙuｎｔｉｌtｈeｄｏorsopenｅｄandthｅmenstarｔｅdtofｉleout.Someoｎeshoｕteｄ,“It’sｔｈeaｒmiｓtice.Theｗａrisoveｒ.”Fｏraｍｏment,nｏbodymovｅd，ｂutｔhenthepeopleheaｒｄsｏmeｏｎｅbarkorderｓａt(yī)ｔhesoldiers.Tｈｅmenｌinedｕpoｔwｏliｎes．Ｔheywaｌkeｄｄｏwntheｓtｅpsand,wiｔhthebaｎdplayingbehｉnｄ,ｐaraｄeddowｎtｈeｓｔrｅe(cuò)t,asｒeｔurnｉｎｇherｏes，toｂｅｗelcomedhomｅbｙtheasseｍblｅｄcrowd.Tｈｅｎextdaymyuncｌereturｎeｄtohiｓjoｂ,ａndｍｙｇranｄfaｔhｅrrｅsumedreadingtheＧｅrｍannewspaper，whicｈhereaduntiltｈedａyｈedieｄ.４1．Wherewasthenarratoｒ’sｆamilyｗhenthiｓstoｒytｏokpｌaｃe?A.ＩnＧermaｎy.Ｂ.InHungary.C.ＩｎｔheUnitedＳtaｔesD．InNewYork.42.Hｉsgｒandfathｅr＿_(dá)____＿_(dá)____.A.couldｎoｔspｅaｋａｎｄreadＥngliｓhwellｅnｏｕghB．kｎewniｎelanguaｇesequallyｗellC.knewaｎumbｅrｏｆｌanｇuagｅs,buｔfeｌｔmoｒｅkiｎtoGｅｒmａnD．lovedGermａnbeｓｔbecauseiｔmadehｉmthｉnkofhｏmｅ43．ＨｉsgrａndmotherｄidnotwantherhusbandｔobｕyaｎdｒeadｎｅｗspaｐersｉnGermaｎ,bｅcauｓe_______＿.A．itｗasｗartiｍｅandGerｍansｗeｒetheirenｅmyB．theneｉｇhborsｗｏｕldmistａkethem-GeｒmanC．ｉｔｗaseasiｅrtogｅｔnewspapersinEnglishinAmｅrｉcａＤ.noｂoｄyelseｒeadneｗspａｐｅrsｉnGermａnduringthewaｒtime44.Ｔhenarｒator’smothｅrwantedherｂｒothｅrtoｇotoｆigｈtiｎthewar，ｂｅcausｅ_＿_(dá)____＿.Ａ.ｌikeｅｖeｒyｂｏｄyｅlｓeａt(yī)tｈewartｉme,shewaｓverypaｔrioticＢ．ｓhehａt(yī)ｅdtheｗaraｎｄtheGｅrmaｎsverｙmuchC．a(chǎn)lｌherfriendｓhadreｌatiｖesiｎwａranｄsｈeｗantｅdtoｂeliｋethemD.shelikedtｏhａｖｅabroｔhershecｏuldthinkoｆａsaheroPassageTwoWaｋingＵｐfromtｈｅAmerｉcanDreａｍsThｅrｅhasｂｅe(cuò)nmuｃhtalkｒecentlｙaboutthepｈenｏmenonｏf“Wal-Mａｒtization”ｏｆＡmerｉca,ｗhichrｅfｅｒstoｔheattemptofAmeｒicａ’sｇiantWal-Maｒtchaｉnstｏｒecｏmpanytokｅe(cuò)ｐitscoｓｔaｔｒock-boｔｔomleｖｅls.Foryears,ｍanyAmeｒiｃancｏmｐaniｅｓｈaveeｍbｒaｃedWａｌ-Mart-likesｔｒatagemstocontrｏllabｏrcｏstｓ,suchaｓhiｒingtempｓ(ｔemｐorarywoｒkers)andｐart-timeｒs,fightｉngunioｎs,diｓmａnｔｌingｉnternaｌcａreerｌａddersaｎdoｕtｓoｕrcinｇtolowerpayingcoｎtractｏｒsａt(yī)hｏｍeａndabrｏaｄ．Whiｌｅtheｓetacticsｈaveｔｈeadmｉrabｌeoutcｏmｅofhoｌdingdowncｏnsuｍｅrprｉces,ｔhey’ｒecostlｙiｎotｈｅrｗayｓ.Ｍｏreｔhanaquａrteｒｏfｔhelaborforce,aｂout３4millionworkerｓ，ｉstｒａpｐｅｄinｌow-ｗage，oｆtendｅad-ｅｎdｊobs.Ｍａnymiｄｄle-iｎｃomeanｄhigh-ｓｋilｌedeｍpｌｏyeesfａcｅfｅｗerｏpportunitiｅｓ,ｔoo,aｓcｏｍpａniesｓｈｉftworｋtｏsubcontｒactorsandtempsagenｃiesandｍovewhiｔe－collaｒjobstoChｉnaandＩｎdia.TｈerｅsultｈasbeenａneｒｏsionofoneｏｆAmeriｃa’smoｓtcｈerishｅdvalue:giｖｉngiｔspｅoplｅtｈeａbilityｔomoｖeuｐtheｅconomiｃladderoveｒtheｉrｌｉfeｔimes.Historicaｌly,mostＡmericans,eveｎlow-skiｌlｅdones，wereablｅtofindpoorlypaidjａnｉtoriａlorfａctoryjobｓ，thengraduallｙｃlｉｍbedintotｈemiｄdleclａｓsastheygａｉｎedeｘｐerienｃeaｎｄmoveｄupthｅwａgｅｃuｒve.Buｔtｈenumberofworkeｒsｐｒogrｅssingｕpwaｒdbegantｏslｉpin１9７0s.Ｕpwardｍoｂilityｄiminisｈｅdevenmｏｒeinthe１9８0sasgloｂalｉzatｉoｎaｎdteｃｈｎologyslａｍmedｂlue-coｌlarｗaｇes.RestｏringAｍeｒiｃaｎmobｉｌｉtｙislessaquesｔioｎｏfknoｗinｇwhaｔtodothanofmａkinｇiｔhaｐpeｎ.Expertshavｅdecrｉedsｃhools’inaｄeｑuacyｆoryｅars,butfixｉngthｅmisalong,arduoｕsstrｕggle．Similarｌy,therehavｅbｅe(cuò)npｌentyofwaｒniｎgsaboutｄecliningcｏlleｇeａｃceｓｓ，buｔfinｄingfｕndswａｓｄifficｕｌteveniｎeraｓoflａｒgesurpluses.45.TheAmeｒicａnｄreａmintｈispａssagｅmaｉnlyrefｅrsto________＿_(dá)＿_(dá).?Ａ.ｔhereａrealｗａyspｏsｓibiliｔｉｅｓoｆｆeredtｏpeoｐlｅtodｅvelopthemseｌveｓinthｅｓoｃｉetyB.ＡmｅｒicanｓｃａｎａｌwaｙｓｍovｅuptｈeｐaｙlaｄdｅrＣ.Ａmeｒicanyouｎgｐeｏｐｌeｃanhavｅａcceｓstocollｅgｅ，eveｎtheyａｒepoorD.theｌａborfｏrｃｅｉsｎoｔtrapｐeｄｉｎlｏw-wａｇｅａｎｄdeａd-endjｏbｓ46.Wａｌ－Martstrategy，ａｃcｏrdｉngtｏthispａssage,isｔo_____＿＿_(dá)___．A.hｉreｔempsanｄｐａrｔ-ｔimerｓtoreducｅｉtscostＢ.outsｏｕrceitscｏntｒａｃtstoｌowerprｉceａgeｎcｉesａt(yī)homeandabｒoａdC.ｈoｌddowniｔsconｓｕmerｐricｅbyconｔｒolｌｉｎｇｉtｓlaborcoｓtsD.dismantlethｅcａreerladdeｒaｎｄsｔopｐeople’smobilityupｗard47.ＷhicｈoｆthｅｆoｌlowiｎｇstatｅmentｓisNOTTRＵＥ?A.Waｌ-Ｍartiｚatｉonｈasbeｅｎｓuｃcｅｓsｆｕlｉnkeeｐingcｏstｓａt(yī)rｏcｋ-ｂｏttomｌeｖｅls.Ｂ.Uｐwardｍｏbiliｔyｆorlｏw-ｓkillｅdworkeｒｓｈａsｂｅcomeimpｏssibleintｈeU.S.C.Morebｕsｉｎessopportuｎitiesaｒegｉventoｌｏｗ-cｏstaｇｅncｉesinCｈiｎaandIndia.Ｄ.AlｔｈoughpeoplekｎｏwhoｗtorestｏｒeAmeｒｉcａnｍobility，it’sｄifficｕlttoｃhanｇetheｐｒesentsｉtuatiｏｎ.ＰａsｓageThrｅｅSeｎiorｓandｔheCitｙTｅnｓofthｏusanｄsofrｅｔｉreesａrepｕlｌingupstakesinsuｂｕｒｂanareasanｄfasｈioningtheｉrownreｔirｅｍentｃommｕnitiｅsintheｈeａｒtｏftｈeｂustlingｃｉｔｙ.Thｅyａrｅlookinｇfｏrｗhatmosｔoldｅrpeopleｗant:ahｏmewｉtｈｎoｓtａirsaｎdlｏwｃｒimerateｓ.Andtｈeyarewiｌｌingtoexｃhangereguｌarweeklｙgoｌftiｍeｆｏrrichcultuｒaｌｏffeｒingｓ,youｎgｎeｉｇhborsａndplentyofgoodresｔａｕｒants.Sｐyｉngａnopporｔuｎｉty,mａｊorreal－estatedevｅlｏｐershａvｅｂｒｏkeｎｇroundonurbansitestｈeyiｎｔenｄｅdｔomaｒkettosuburbaｎretirｅe(cuò)s.Thｅsｅｓenioｒsareaｌreadychangingtheｆａceｏfbigciｔｉｅｓ．Ｏnedevｅloper，F(xiàn)ranＭｃCａｒｔｈyaｓｋs：“Ｗhoｅvｅrthoughtthaｔsuｂurbaｎflightｗoｕlｄｂerouｎｄｔrip?”Theｔriｃｋleｏfolｄerｆｏlkｓretuｒningtoｔhｅciｔｙhasgrowninｔoastｅaｄystreaｍ.Whilesomecitiｅs,especiaｌlytｈosｅwithfewculturaｌofferingｓ,havｅseｅnanexｏdusofseniｏrs,ｕrbanplannｅrssayotheｒsｈａvebeｃomeretiｒeeｓｍaｇneｔｓ.Bｅtｗeeｎ1999aｎd2０23,tｈeｐopulatiｏnｏf６4-tｏ-7５－ｙｅａr-oldｓinｄowntownCｈｉcagorｏｓｅ1７ｐercent.Ａustin,ＮewOrｌeaｎs，anｄLosAngeleshaveｓeeｎdouble－ｄigitincrｅａsesasweｌl．Thereｍａybehiｄdｅnｈealthbenｅfitstoｃitylivinｇ．Astudyｒｅvealsthaｔmovingｆrｏmsubｕrbsｔｏtｈecitｙcanwardoｆftｈｅbyproｄucｔofaging--－socｉａlisolaｔioｎ.Ｉnｔhenｅｘtsixｙｅars,ｄoｗntoｗnsａreexｐecteｄtogroweveｎgraｙer.Ｆorａffluentretireｅs，ciｔｙlifeisaninｃreａｓinglｙｐoｐularoｐtiｏn．48.Reｔｉredsｅniｏrsaｒeｍｏvingbackｉntoｔｈeｃityｂecauｓｅ__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__．A.theyfｉnｄthereａｒｅtoomaｎyｃrimｅsinthｅｓｕbｕrｂsB.unlｉketheｆlatsｉｎtheｃｉty,tｈeｉrcountryhoｕsehａvestaｉrｓtoclimbC.tｈeyarenolongerｉｎtereｓtedinpｌａyinggｏlfD.inthｅｃity,thｅyhavemoｒｅsｏcialaｎdcultｕrallifｅａgaｉｎstloneliｎeｓs49．Frｏmｔｈepaｓsageweｃaninferｔhat＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_.A．thereal－eｓｔatedevelopeｒshａvebrokenthｅｉｒoriginalｃontractsofconstructionｗｉthsｅniorreｔｉreｅsB.alifeiｎtheｄownｔowｎcｉｔｙisexpeｎsiｖｅ,ａndmosｔｏｆｔhoseretｉrｅe(cuò)sｗhomoｖedothecｉtyareveｒｙwell－oｆｆＣ.ｗiｔhmoreoｌderpeoplｅliｖiｎｇintheｃity,thecitywillbecomegraｙandlessｂeautifulＤ.verysoontheAmeriｃansuburbanaｒeaｓwillfaｃetheirlowpopuｌatiｏncriｓｉs50.ＦｒanMｃＣａrtｈy’squestioｎｍeans:nｏbodｙｅvｅrthｏｕghtthaｔ________＿_(dá).A.pｅopｌｅｗｈomoveｄouｔofthecitｙdecadesagonowwouldmovebackB．suｂｕrbａnｄweｌｌeｒｓwｈenｍoｖingbackintｏｔhｅcitｙmｕｓｔtakｅroｕndtrｉpC.suburbａnfligｈtyeａrｓagowｏuｌｄｇｏinciｒｃleｓD.sｅniｏrpeoｐlｅ’smｏvingｂaｃkiｎtｏｔheｃitywｏuldtakｅｐlａｃeaｌlovertｈｅUnｉtｅdStａt(yī)es?Directioｎs:ReaｄｔhｅfｏllｏwingpassａgecarefullyandthenexplaｉninyｏurownEnｇｌｉsｈtｈeexactｍeaninｇｏｆｔｈenumberedａndunｄｅrliｎｅｄｐartｓ．PuｔyouranｓｗersoｎA(yù)NSＷＥRSＨEＥＴ（２)１5(５１）Beｉｎgaｎgｒyincreasestｈeriskofinjuｒｙ,ｅsｐeciaｌlyamonｇmen，newｒeseａｒcｈｓaｙs.Theresｅarchersgaｔhｅreddatａonｍorethａn2，4０0acciｄeｎｔvictｉmsａt(yī)tｈreeＭissourihospitals.Ｔhｅyinｔerviewedeachsubｊeｃｔtｏdetermｉnethｅpaｔiｅnt’semotioｎａlstａｔejuｓtｂeｆoretｈeinjuryanｄ24hourｓearｌier,gatｈerｉngｄataonwｈetｈertｈeｐaｔientsｆｅltiｒrｉtaｂｌe,aｎgryorhostile,andtoｗｈatdegｒee．Tｈenparｅdｔhereｓuｌｔsｗiｔhacontrolｇrｏｕpｏfuninｊuredpeｏple.（52)Despiｔewidｅspreaｄbeｌiefｉｎ“rｏadｒａge，”ａngerdidnotcorrelａt(yī)ewithinｊｕｒｉesfｒｏｍｔraｆfiｃaccidｅnts.(53）Ｎoｔsｕrpｒisingly，angerwaｓstronｇｌｙassｏｃiatｅdｗithiｎjuｒｉesinｆlictｅdｄｅｌiｂeraｔeｌｙ.Butotherinjurｉes–thoseｎeitherｉntｅnｔionallyｉｎｆｌictednorfrｏmfalｌsoｒtraｆficaccideｎｔｓ–alsoshowedsｔrｏｎgasｓociａt(yī)ioｎswithanｇeｒ.（54)Ｔｈｅcorreｌatioｎsｗｅｒesｉgniｆｉcａntlyweakeｒｆorwｏmｅnｔhaｎfoｒmen,ｂuttheｒeｗerenodiｆｆerencesbyｒａｃe．Ｔhｅautｈorsａcknowlｅdgethattheiｒdatadependｏnself-ｒeｐortｓ,whｉchareｎoｔalwａｙsｒeliable．（55)Ｗhyangercｏrrelateswithinjuryisnotknowｎ.“Iｃanｓpecｕlateｔhatｔheaｎｇerｍayhavｅprｏmｐｔedsｏmebehavioｒｔhatｌedtｏthｅｉｎjuｒy,ormayhavesimplｙdｉｓｔraｃtedｔｈeｐeｒｓoｎ,leadｉnginｄiｒeｃtlytotheinｊury,”saidthestudy’sleadaｕthor.PartＦoｕr：ClozｅTesｔ１0Diｒeｃtiｏns:ReaｄthｅfolloｗinｇpasｓaｇecarefuｌlyandtheｎfilliｎeaｃhnumｂeredｂlaｎkwithＯNEsuｉtableｗordtocompletethepassage.PutyouransｗｅrsonＡNSWＥRＳHEＥT(2).LastyeａｒFrenchdriverskiｌled(56）_______thａn５,000pｅopleｏntheroadsforthｅfirsttimeｉndｅcaｄes．Ｃrｅditｇoesｌargely(5７)_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__ｔhe1,00０automatedrａｄarｃamerａsplantedoｎｔｈenａt(yī)ion’sｈiｇhwayssincｅ202３,whicheｘpeｒtsreｃkon（58)_＿_(dá)___＿３，000liveslaｓｔyｅaｒ.Sucｃess,oｆcoursebreeｄssucceｓs:ernmｅｎtｐｌanstoiｎstａll５00（59)＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)rａdardevicｅsｔhiｓyeaｒ.Ｓｏitgoeswiｔhsｕｒveｉllａnｃｅｔheseｄａys.EuropeansusedｔolookatｔheｓｅcurｉtｙcａｍeraｓｐosｔediｎＢritishciｔies,ｓｕbwaysandbuses(6０）_______thｅseedsｏfanOrwｅｌlianworldthatwａｓlargｅｌyunaccepｔaｂlｅｉnCｏntｉnｅｎｔalEｕroｐe.Butｌaｓｔｙｅar’sLondｏｎbombing，inwhicｈvidｅocａmｅraｓ(61)__＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_aｋｅｙroｌeiｎｉdｅntiｆyingthepｅｒpeｔratｏrｓ,ｈａｖeｈelｐedspｕｒａseaｃhanｇｅ.Aｍonth（62)___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)theLonｄonａt(yī)tacks，halｆｏfGermａnｓｓuppｏｒtedEU-widｅplanstｏrequireInternetｐｒoviｄersandtｅlecoｍｓｔosｔorｅalle-mａｉｌ，Ｉｎternetandphｏnedatafoｒ“aｎti-tｅrror”(63)＿_(dá)____.InａBｒitishpoｌl,73percenｔｏfrespondｅntｓsａｉdｔｈeywerｅ(６4）_______togivｅupsomeｃivillibertytoimprovｅ(65)___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_.PartFｉve:Proofreａding10Direｃtiｏns:Inthefｏｌlowｉngpaｓsａgｅ，tｈeｒeareaｌｔｏgeｔher10mistakｅs,ONＥineacｈnｕmberedaｎｄuｎderlinedｐart.Yoｕmayhaveｔocｈangｅaworｄ,addaｗord,ｏrjustdelｅtｅaword.Ifyouchaｎｇｅaｗord，crｏsｓｉｔwithasｌａsh（/）ａｎdｗritetｈecoｒrｅctwordbｅsideｉt．Ｉfｙｏuaｄｄａwoｒd,wｒiｔethemissinｇworｄbｅtweentｈewｏrds（iｎｂrackeｔｓ）imｍedｉａt(yī)ｅlybｅfoｒｅaｎdａftｅrit.Iｆyｏudeletｅａｗoｒd，crｏssitoｕtwｉtｈaslａsh(／)．PutｙouransweroｎA(yù)ＮSWＥRＳHＥEＴ（2).Eｘampｌes：ｅｇ.1(66)Themｅe(cuò)tiｎgbegun2hourｓago.CorreｃｔiｏｎpｕｔontｈeANSWＥRSHＥEＴ(2):(66)bｅgunbｅｇａneg.2（67)Ｓcａrceｌｙtheｙsettledthemselｖeｓintheirseatsiｎｔｈetｈｅａt(yī)reｗｈenthecｕrｔainwenｔup.ＣoｒrｅcｔiｏnputontheANＳWＥRＳHEEＴ(2)：(6７）(Ｓｃaｒcely)had（ｔｈey)ｅg．３(68）NeveｒｗｉllInoｔｄoitａgain.CorreｃtｉｏnｐutoｎtｈeＡNSWERSHＥEＴ(2）:(68）not(66)Ａｐplicａt(yī)ionfilesarepiｌedhighlytｈisｍonthinｃolleｇeｓacrossthecouｎtｒy.(67）Admisｓｉonsoｆｆicersarepｏringesｓayｓandrecommｅndaｔiｏnletterｓ，sｃoｕringtｒaｎscｒiptsaｎdstandａrdizedtesｔscores．(6８)Bｕtanytｈｉngisｍissiｎgfroｍmanyappliｃaｔionｓ:aclasｓrankｉnｇ,onceamajorcoｍponentinaｄｍissｉoｎsdｅｃｉsions.Inｔｈecat-ａnd-mousemanｅuｖerinｇovｅｒａdｍiｓsiontopｒestigｉouscolｌegesanｄunｉvｅrｓｉtｉes，（69）thｏusandsofhighｓｃhoｏlshａveｓｉmplystｏppedｐrovidingthatiｎformａt(yī)ｉon，cｏnｃludingitcouｌdhａrｍｔhechaｎｃeｓｏｆtheiｒverybeｔtｅr,butｎｏtbest,sｔｕdents.(7０）Canｎycollｅgeｏｆficials,ｉnｔurn，havefｏuｎｄatａctｉcalｗaytoｒesponｓe.(71)Usingbroadｄatathathiｇhscｈoolｓoｆtenpｒovide，likeａdisｔribｕtｉoｎofgｒadeaｖeｒagesfoｒeｎｔｉrｅｓeniｏrclａss,tｈｅｙesｓentiａllｙreｃｒeａt(yī)eaｎａpplicaｎｔ’sclaｓsrａnk．(72)Ｔhｅpｒocｅssｈaslｅfｔthemexaｓperａｔinｇ.(７3)“Ifｗe’relooｋingatyoursonｏrdaｕghtｅraｎdyouwantustokｎoｗｔhatｔheyarｅamonｇthebeｓtintheｉrsｃhool,witharanｋwedoｎ’tｎｅceｓｓarｉlｙknowthat,”saidJimBｏｃｋ,ｄeａnｏｆadmｉｓsｉｏnｓanｄｆinanciａlaｉdatSｗaｒthmoｒeCｏlｌegｅ.（７4）Ａdmissiｏnsｄiｒｅｃｔoｒssayｓtrａt(yī)egyｃaｎbackfire.Whｅnhighｓｃhｏolｓdonｏtproｖiｄｅe(cuò)nｏuｇhgｅneralinformaｔｉontorecｒｅａt(yī)etheｃlassrankcalculａt(yī)iｏn,（7５)manyadmisｓionｓdirectoｒssayｔheyhaｖelｉtｔlechoicｅandtodosoｍｅthingvｉrtuaｌlｙｎoｏneｗａntstheｍtodo：giｖｅmoreweiｇhｔtosｃoresoｎtheＳATandotｈerｓtａndardiｚedexａms.PａrtSix:Ｗritｉｎg１5Diｒectioｎs:Ｗriｔeashｏｒｔcｏmpositionofabout2５０to300ｗｏrｄsonｔｈeｔｏpic