2021高三全國統(tǒng)考英語（話題版）一輪學案：第1編 話題五 Book8 Unit1 A land of diversity含解析

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021高三全國統(tǒng)考英語（話題版）一輪學案：第1編話題五Book8Unit1Alandofdiversity含解析1．ThesepopulationfiguresrefectthefactthattheUnitedStatesisanurbannation.這些人口數字反映了美國是一個城市國家的事實.2．AmericansofHispanicoriginwasthelargestethnicminority.AfricanAmericansarethesecondlargestminoritygroup。西班牙裔美國人是最大的少數民族.非洲裔美國人是第二大少數民族.3．NewYorkisknownforitsculturediversity.紐約以其文化多樣性著稱.4．AsianAmericansliveacrossthecountry，andalsofoundinlargenumbersinNewYorkCity，Chicago，Boston，Houston,andotherurbancenters.亞裔美國人生活在美國各地，紐約市、芝加哥、波士頓、休斯頓和其他城市中心都有很多人.自主排查夯基固本Ⅰ核心單詞（1)means(n。)手段；方法→meaning（n.)意思→mean（vt。)意味著；打算→meaningful(adj。）有意義的(2）majority(n。）大多數；大半→major（adj。)主要的（vi.)主修→minority（n。)少數；少數派；少數民族(一般用復數）→minor(adj。)較小的；次要的(3）elect(vt.）選擇;決定做某事；選舉某人→election(n.)選舉(4）boom（n。)（人口、貿易的)繁榮（vi.）處于經濟迅速發(fā)展時期(5）occur（vi.)發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→occurred（過去式/過去分詞）→occurrence（n.)事件；發(fā)生的事（6)indicate（vt。)指出；標示;表明；暗示→indication（n.）跡象;標示(7）slip（vi.）滑動;滑行；滑跤（n。)滑動；滑倒→slipper（n。）拖鞋→slippery(adj.)滑的(8）hire(vt.&n．）租用;雇用→fire（vt。)解雇（9）nowhere(adv。)無處；到處都無（10）reform(vt。&vi。)改革；革新(n.）改革;改造；改良Ⅱ閱讀單詞(1）distinct（adj.）清晰的；明顯的;明確的（2)percentage(n.）百分比；百分率(3）racial(adj.)人種的;種族的(4)crossing(n.）橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道(5）applicant（n。）申請人(6）customs(n.）海關；關稅；進口稅（7)luggage（n.）行李（8)punishment(n。)處罰；懲罰（9)grasp（vt。＆n．)抓??；抓緊；掌握；領會（10）thankful（adj。）感激的；感謝的[單句語法填空］1．Besides,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatI________(elect）asassistanttomyEnglishteacher.答案：amelected2．Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercut________(occur)．答案：occurred3．Icouldn’tunderstandtheword's________(mean）．答案：meaning4．Allthe________（apply）shouldfillintheformfirst。答案：applicants5．Oneofthe________(majority)problemsisthattheycan’traiseenoughmoney.答案:major6．Walkalongthestreetandturnleftatthefirst________（cross）．答案：crossing7．The________(customs)oflightingtheOlympicflamegoesbackcenturies.答案:custom8．Didhegiveyouany________(indicate）ofhisfeelings?答案:indication9．Thepeopletheresufferedmany________（hard）duringthatlongwinter。答案：hardships10．Theroadis________（slip）andyou’dbetterslowdown。答案：slippery聯(lián)想積累與“雇用、辭退"有關的詞匯全接觸①hiren．&v.雇用②employvt.雇用③firevt。解雇④dismissvt.解雇⑤layoff解雇;下崗⑥takeon雇用1．live_on繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存2．bymeansof.。。用……方法；借助……3．make_a_life習慣于新的生活方式、工作等4．keep_up堅持;維持；沿襲（風俗、傳統(tǒng)等)5．back_to_back背靠背6．teamupwith與……合作或一起工作7．markout用線畫出范圍；標出……界線8．takein包括；吸收9．agreat/goodmany許多；很多10．applyfor申請;請示得到[選詞填空］keepup，applyfor，markout，agreat/goodmany，makealife,teamupwith1．Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallengingandyouwilltryto________foryourself.答案：makealife2．________houseswereknockeddownbytheearthquake.答案：Agreat/goodmany3．Whenyouarereadinganarticle，you’dbetter________thekeywordsandtopicsentences。答案：markout4．I’mwritingto________thepositionasastudentvolunteer.答案：applyfor5．Youcan________anotherclassmateifyoucan’tfinishitontime。答案：teamupwith6．InsomeruralplacesofChina，somepeoplestill________theirtraditionallifestyles.答案：keepup聯(lián)想積累“動詞＋in”短語薈萃①takein包括；吸收;欺騙②breakin闖入③givein屈服;讓步;投降④turnin上交⑤arrivein到達(較大地方)⑥consistin在于；存在于⑦joinin參加⑧resultin導致⑨bookin辦理入住登記手冊⑩checkin登記入住?fillin填寫?handin上交?getin收獲;到達?putin安裝(設備)；插嘴?cutin插嘴;強行超車課文原句句式梳理仿寫訓練Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive，wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.距離最近因而來得最早的是南美洲人和美國人?！皌hefirst＋todo"結構,意為“第一個做某事的人"。類似用法:the＋序數詞＋todo。Theprizewillbeawardedto__________________thefinishingline.獎品將頒發(fā)給第一個到達終點線的人。答案：thefirsttoreach

直擊重點突破考點①meansn。手段；方法（單復數同形）（P2）(1）單句語法填空①Everypossiblemeans________（try），butnoneworks。②I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________(be)theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.答案：①hasbeentried②is(2）單句寫作①Only______________willyousucceed.只有用這種方法你才會成功。②Studentssometimesenrichtheirlife____________part－timejobs.學生們有時通過做兼職工作豐富他們的生活。答案：①bythismeans②bymeansofbythismeans用這種方法bymeansof借助于;通過……方法bynomeans決不；一點也不byallmeans(用于交際英語表示同意）當然可以;沒問題(1）means用作“方式；方法”時單復數同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。（2)bynomeans位于句首時，句子應部分倒裝。②majorityn。大多數；大半(P2）（1）單句語法填空Themajority________(be）infavorofthesuggestionatthemeeting.答案:was/were（2）單句寫作①Infact，heinspiredme______________Englishincollege。事實上，他激勵我在大學里主修英語專業(yè)。②Whenitcomestoeducation，________________peoplebelievethatitisalifelongcareer。說到教育，大部分人認為其是終生的事業(yè)。答案：①tomajorin②themajorityof（1)themajorityof大多數beina/themajority構成大多數/大部分(2)majorvi.專修；主攻adj.主要的n．專業(yè)majorin主修（3)minorityn．少數；少數派；少數民族(一般用復數）（1)當themajorityof.。.作主語時，謂語動詞的數與of后的名詞保持一致。(2)當themajority單獨作主語時,謂語動詞用單復數都可以。③occurvi。發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)(P5)（1)單句語法填空Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident________(occur)．答案：occurred(2）單句寫作①________________thatIknewhowtosolvethatproblem。我突然想起我知道怎樣解決那個問題。②Ifanyofthesesymptoms________whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.服藥期間如果產生了這些癥狀中的任何一種，要立即就醫(yī)。答案：①Itoccurredto/struck/hitme②occurssth。occurstosb。某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that某人突然想起Itoccurstosb。todosth。某人想到要做某事occur為不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)"，相當于happen，不能用于被動語態(tài)。④indicatevt。指出;標示;表明；暗示(P7）（1）單句語法填空①Withanodofhisheadheindicated________mewhereIshouldsit.②Hegaveno________（indicate)thathewasreadytocompromise。答案：①to②indication(2）單句改錯①Thebellindicatedtheendoftheclassrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion._________________________________________________________________②Itisnoindicationthattherewillbeanearthquake.____________________________________________________________答案：①indicated→indicating②It→There（1)indicatesth。tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物/事indicatethat。.。示意；表明；暗示；說明（2)indicationn。暗示；表明；預兆；指示Thereisnoindicationthat.。.沒有跡象表明……Thereare（clear)indicationsthat。。.有(明顯的）跡象表明……①makealife習慣于新的生活方式、工作等（P2)（1）單句語法填空①TheysettleddowninCanadaandmade________lifeforthemselves.②Shehadtolookforpart－timejobstheseyears________(make）aliving。答案：①a②tomake(2)單句改錯Theymovedtoanewcitylastyearanditwasdifficultforthemtomakethelifethere.________________________________________________________________答案:the→a（1)make/earna/one’sliving謀生(2)live/leada。.。life過著……生活come(back)tolife蘇醒;變得活躍;恢復生氣bring..。backtolife使……蘇醒過來;給……活力②takein包括；領會；理解；欺騙；收留；吸收(P8）(1）單句語法填空Womenareusually________（take)intobuyalotofthingsthattheydon'treallyneed。答案：taken(2)寫出下列句中takein的含義①Thefarmertookinthelosttravelersforthenight.________②Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks，wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge.________③TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland，Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.________④Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbyillpeople。________⑤Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.________答案：①收留②吸收③包括④欺騙⑤理解takeapart拆開；打?。慌険簦ㄕ擖c等）takeback收回；退回；使……回憶起昔日takecareof照料takedown往下拽；拆卸；記下takeiteasy別緊張;慢慢來takeover接替；接收；接管takeoff脫下(衣服等）;起飛；大獲成功takeon承擔；呈現(xiàn)takeone’splace入座；代替某人的位置takeone'stime不急;慢慢來takeup開始從事；著手處理;占用（時間或空間)；繼續(xù)③agreatmany很多；許多（修飾可數名詞)(P8)（1)單句語法填空①Ourinstitutehasorderedagreatmany________（instrument）fromthecompany。②Agoodmanynewbooks________(publish）bytheForeignLanguagePresslastmonth。答案：①instruments②werepublished(2)單句改錯①Thesepupilshavereadagoodmanyofbooksonpopularscience。___________________________________________________________②Agreatmanystudentsinourschoolhastakenanactivepartinthemovementagainstpollution。___________________________________________________________答案：①去掉of②has→have(1）eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(many,agreat/goodmany，agood/largenumberof,quiteafew))eq\b\lc\\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1(＋可數名詞的復數＋，復數謂語))（2）eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1（much，agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof)）＋不可數名詞＋單數謂語(3)eq\b\lc\｛\rc\}（\a\vs4\al\co1(amassof,aquantityof）)eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1（＋可數名詞的復數/不可數名詞,謂語動詞單復數與of后面的名，詞的數保持一致）)（4)eq\b\lc\｛\rc\｝（\a\vs4\al\co1(quantitiesof,massesof）)eq\b\lc\\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1（＋不可數名詞/可數名詞的復數＋,復數謂語））①［教材原句］However，itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.（P2)然而,美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亞了。(1）單句語法填空①________islikelythathewillnotcometothepartytonight。Heissobusy.②Themorestressyouareunder,the________(likely)youaretocatchacold。答案:①It②morelikely（2)單句寫作__________________youwillmeetsomedifficultieswhilereadingthenovel。＝__________________meetsomedifficultieswhilereadingthenovel。在閱讀這本小說時你很可能會遇到困難。答案：Itislikelythat;YouarelikelytoItislikelythat.。?！昂芸赡堋?。本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that從句.此句型可轉化為：Sb。belikelytodosth.“某人可能做某事”。likely①Itislikely＋that從句②Sb.islikelytodosth。但無此表述:“Itislikelyforsb.todosth."possible①Itispossible(forsb.）todosth。②Itispossible＋that從句但不作“Sb。ispossibletodosth。”這種表述probableItisprobable＋that從句②[教材原句］BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty－firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850，itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.（P2）到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個州的時候，它已經是一個有著多元文化的社會了。(1)單句語法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived，thestranger________(go)away。②Bythetimeshegetshome,hermother________（leave）forLondontoattendameeting.答案:①hadgone②willhaveleft(2)單句寫作Forsomething,wecan’tunderstandwhenweareyoungbut____________weunderstand,wearenolongeryoung.有些事情，當我們年輕的時候無法懂得，當我們懂得的時候已不再年輕。答案：bythetimebythetime意為“到……的時候（為止）”,是一個介詞短語,在句中起連詞作用，引導時間狀語從句。其用法如下：(1)如從句謂語是一般過去時,則主句常用過去完成時。(2）如從句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時,則主句用將來完成時.(3）如主句動作不強調已經完成，只是說明某個時候的狀況，此時主句不用完成時，而應根據實際需要選用適當的時態(tài)，此時bythetime相當于when（主句多是be的系表結構形式）。課文回練升華運用ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,__1__islikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlers__2__(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes。Inthel6thcentury，afterthe__3__（arrive）oftheEuropeans，thenativepeoplesuffered__4__（great）.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery。__5__addition，manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans__6__（live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.Inthe18thcenturyCalifornia__7__(rule）bySpain。SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury，whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtook__8__（they)land.Twocenturieslater，theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of__9__firstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen,__10__ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives。1．________2。________3.________4。________5.________6。________7.________8.________9.________10。________答案：1。it2.crossed3。arrival4。greatly5。In6。living7.wasruled8.their9。the10.whose基礎達標自主訓練Ⅰ。單句語法填空1．Theyarelikely____________(fire)bythecompanyjustbecauseoftheirfault。答案：tobefiredSb。belikelytodosth.“某人可能做某事”.主語they與fire之間為被動關系，故應填不定式的被動形式。2．Themajorityoftheinterviewees________（prefer）watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema。答案:preferthemajorityof.。。作主語時,謂語動詞的數與of后的名詞保持一致。由interviewees可知謂語動詞應用復數形式.3．Itsuddenlyoccurred________himthatheshouldofferahelpinghand.答案：toIt（suddenly）occurred/occurstosb.that。。.“某人突然想起某事"。4．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceive________(punish)．答案：punishment句中動詞receive后缺賓語，故應填名詞punishment作賓語.5．Weshouldnothave________（race)discrimination.答案：racial句中缺少一形容詞來修飾名詞discrimination，故填racial“種族的”.6．Shebecamethefirstblackwoman________（elect）totheSenate。答案:tobeelected當名詞或代詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，則常用動詞不定式來充當其后置定語,且blackwoman與elect之間為被動關系,故填tobeelected。7．Hecouldn'texpresshimselfcorrectly________meansofwords。答案：bybymeansof。..“借助于;用……;通過……方法”。8．She________（slip）outofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.答案：slipped句意：她趁別人還沒醒，溜出了房子。分析句子結構可知，該空為句子的謂語動詞，由從句中動詞時態(tài)were可知，應用一般過去時。9．________(hire)acar,youmustproduceapassportandacurrentdrivinglicense。答案:Tohire句意:若想租車，你需要出示護照及當前駕照。此處用動詞不定式作目的狀語。10．Bythetimesheknewthenews，John________(fly）toAmerica。答案:hadflown由Bythetime引導的從句的時態(tài)為一般過去時可知,主句應用過去完成時，表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前，故應填hadflown.Ⅱ。單句寫作1．__________________(大家相信)thecouplehaveleftthecountry.答案：Itisbelievedthat2．Seeingwhatweweredoing，__________（許多）passengerssmiledatusinapproval。答案：agood/greatmany3．Whendeliveringaspeech,sometimesyoucanmakeyourselfunderstood__________________anexample.演講的時候，有時你可以通過舉例使大家明白。答案：bymeansof4．______________________________________________________________我意識到我們每個人都應該保護我們奇妙的大自然。(occur)答案：Itoccurs/occurredtomethatourwonderfulnatureshouldbeprotectedbyeveryone.5．____________________________________________________________樹木吸收二氧化碳釋放氧氣。答案：Treestakeincarbondioxideandgiveoutoxygen.Ⅲ.語法填空（2020·廣西柳州市高三上學期摸底考試）We'veallheardthatbreakfastis__1__mostimportantmealintheday.Itmayactuallybetrue.Recently，astudyofmorethan50,000adultsaged30andolder__2__(find)thatpeoplewhohavebreakfastaremorelikelytolose__3__(weigh）thanthosewhodon’teatamorningmeal。Otherstudiesconnectnoteatingbreakfast__4__ahigherriskofhighbloodpressure，heartdiseaseandsoon.However，it'snotjustwhenyoueatthatmatters，but__5__youeatalsomatters。__6__（keep)fit，youshouldhaveabalanceddietwithprotein,fiberandhealthyfats，whichisthekeytoasatisfying__7__nutritiousbreakfast。Ifyouwanttokeep__8__(you)frombeinghungrylateroftheday，you'dbettereatwithin90minutesafterwakingup.Also,coffeedrunkonanemptystomachisnotrecommendedbecauseitcanbe__9__（harm）toyourbody。Thereisanoldsayingthatadvises“Eatbreakfastlikeaking,lunchlikeaprince，anddinnerlikeabeggar.”Itisworth__10__(follow）.1．________2.________3.________4。________5．________6。________7.________8。________9．________10。________篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，吃早餐的人更有可能減肥，不吃早餐的人更有可能患高血壓、心臟病。顯而易見,早餐對人體是多么的重要。1．the考查冠詞。此處是形容詞最高級作定語,故填the。2．hasfound考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據時間狀語recently可知謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是astudy,故填hasfound.3．weight考查詞性轉換.loseweight“減肥”，固定短語，故填weight.4．with考查介詞.connect...with。..固定搭配，“把……和……聯(lián)系”，故填with。5．what考查主語從句的連接詞。設空處所在句為主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，故填what。6．Tokeep考查非謂語動詞.句意：為了保持健康，你應該吃含有蛋白質、纖維和健康的脂肪的均衡飲食……不定式作目的狀語,故填Tokeep。7．and考查連詞.前后是并列關系，故填and.8．yourself考查代詞。句意：如果你想這一天不餓的話,你最好在醒來后九十分鐘內吃東西。此處反身代詞作賓語，故填yourself。9．harmful考查詞性轉換。beharmfulto固定短語，“對……有害”,故填harmful。10．following考查非謂語動詞.beworthdoing，固定短語，“值得做……"，故填following。Ⅳ.短文改錯DearJack,I'msorrytohearthatyoufailedinthelastfinalmathexam,butwhichworriesmemostisthatyouareinlowspiritwhenfacingfailure。Asseniorthreestudents,weallhadtakenexaminationsofdifferenttypesandexperiencedfailureaswellassuccess.Itisnodoubtthatweshouldtakepositiveattitudestowardsoursetbacks.Weshouldsparenoefforttoanalyzingthecauseoffailure，whichcanhelpusavoidrepeatingthesimilarmistakes.Onlywhenwefigureoutwhywefailcanwemakeaprogressinourstudy.