教程中口真題

PartA:SpotTheInternetisanexcellentsourceforfindingmanytypesofinformationandforkeeupwithnewdevelopmentsintheworld.Today,aneverincreasingnumberofpeopleareusingtheInternetto (1)relatedinformation,conductbusiness,oralactivities,accesselectronicdatabases,sende-mail,andnetworkwithrelatives, (2).FrequentlyreferredtoastheInformationSuperHighway,theInternetisactuallyanetworkof (3).YoumaythinkoftheInternetasogoustothe (4),Justastheinter-statesystemconnectstodifferentcitiesvia (5),theInternetconnectscomputersaroundtheworldviaanumberofdifferent (6).Atthemostbasiclevel,acomputer,amodem,andarightof (7cangetaontotheInternet.ThroughtheInternetyoucanaccessmassiveamountsofinformation (8)thatarelinkedtogether.Generallyspeaking,twotypesofinformationare (9),arethemostusefulforpeople.Thatis,conversationalresources,and (10).Conversationalresourcesallowuserstohaveconversationswithindividuals (11).Mailinglistsandnewsgroupsare (12)ofconversationalresources.Mailinglistsincludeelectronicmail,wherebytheuser (13),sendtoanyotherindividual,orgroupofindividuals,whohavesubscribedbyhavingtheirnameandelectronical (14)cedonthecenter’slistofaddresses.Newsgroupsareessentiallyelectronic (15).AnyonewithInternetaccesscan (16)totheboard,andanyonewithInternetaccesscanreadtheboard.Thereferenceresourcesyou (17)aretheWorldWideWeb(www)orthewebforshort.ThewebusesHTML(hypertextmarkuplanguage)to (18),sound,graphicsand.Ofcourse,youbrowserstoviews,and (19)throughtheintricatelinksstructure.Themost (20)browseristheInternetExplorer.PartB:ListeningSECTION2:STUDYSKILLS(45OnSaturdaymorningsIworkedinthefamilyshop.IstartedcyclingdowntotheshopwithDadonSaturdayassoonasIwasbigenough.IthoughtofitasgivinghimahandandsoIdidn’tmindwhatIdid,althoughitwasmostlyjustfetchingandcarryingatarunallmorning.ImanagednottothinkofitasworkandIlookedforwardtothebarofchocolatemygrandmotherpassedmeunsmilinglyasIleft.Itriednottolookather;IhadreasontofeelguiltybecauseI’dgenerallyalreadyeatensomedriedfruitsorasliverofcheesewhennoonewaslooking.AssoonasIwasfifteen,though,Dadsaid,“That’sit,ourJanet.You’reofworkingagenowandyou’renotcomingtoworkunlessyourgrandmotherpaysyouproperly.’Hedidhisbesttomakehischinlookdetermined.“Ishallspeaktoher.”ThenextSaturday,Grancalledmeintoherlittleofficebehindtheshop.Ialwayshatedgoinginthere.Shehadanelectricheateronfullblast,andthewindowswerealwayskepttightlyclosedwhatevertheweather.Therewerepilesofdustycataloguesandbrochuresonthefloor.“You’rewantingtogetpaid,Ihear,”Gransaid.“Yes,please,”Ireplied.Itwasratherlikevisitingtheheadmistressatschool,soIwasveryquietandrespectful.Gransearchedthroughthemessofpapersonhercrowdeddesk,sighingandclickinghertongue.Eventuallysheproducedanofficial-lookingleafletandranherfingersalongthecolumnsoffigures.“Howoldareyou?”“Fifteen...Gran,”Iaddedforextrapoliteness,butshelookedatmeasifIhadbeencheeky.“Full-timersatyouragegettwohundredandfortypoundsforathirty-five-hourweek,”sheannouncedinsuchawayastoleavenodoubtthatshewasn’tinfavorofthis.“Nowonderthere’snoprofitinshopkee!So,Janet,what’sthatperhour?”Questionlikethatalwaysflusteredme.Insteadoftryingtoworkthemoutinmyhead,Iwouldjuststandthereunabletothinkstraight.“I’llgetapencilandpaper,”Ioffered.“Don’tbother,”snappedGranangrily,“I’lldoitmyself.I’llgiveyou6poundsanhour;takeitorleaveit,”“I’lltakeit,please,”“AndIexpectrealworkforit,mind.Nostandingabout,andifIcatchyoueatinganyofthestock,there’llbetrouble.That’stheft,andit’sacrime.”Fromthenon,mymainjobattheshopwasfillingtheshelves.Thiswasdull,butIhardlyexpectedtobetrustedwithhandlingthemoney.Onceortwice,however,whenDadwasextrabusy,I’dtriedtohelphimbyservingbehindthecounter.Ihatedit.ItwasverydifficulttorememberthepricesofeverythingandIwasparticularlyhopelessatusingthetill.Certaincustomersmadeunkindremarksaboutthis,increasingmyconfusionandthechancesofmakingafoolofmyself.Itwasanold-establishedvillageshop,goingback150yearsatleastanditwasreallybehindthetimeseventhen.Dadlongedbeabletomaketheshopmoreattractivetocustomers,butGranwouldn’thearofit.Ioverheardthemoncearguingwhethertobuyazercabinet.“Ourcustomerswantfrozenfood,”Dadsaid.“Theyseethingsadvertisedandiftheycan’tgetthemfromus,they’llgoelsewhere.”“Yourfatheralwayssoldfreshfood,”Granreplied.“Peoplecomehereforquality,theydon’twantallthatfrozenHowdidJanetfeelwhenshefirststartedherSaturdaymorningSheenjoyedtheworkthatshewasShewaspleasedtobehelherSheworriedthatshewasnotngitShewasonlyreallyinterestedintheWhatdowelearnabouthergrandmother’sofficeinthesecondItwasItwasItneededIthadtoomuchfurnitureinTheword“flustered”(Para.2)means WhatdidJanet’sfatherandgrandmotherdisagreeHowtokeeptheircustomersloyaltotheThetypeofadvertisingneededtoattractThetypeofcustomerstheywantedtoHowtogetnewcustomerstocometotheWhatimpressiondowegetofJanet’sfeelingstowardsherSherespectedherShedoubtedherShedislikedherSheadmiredherManytreesintheBrackhamareawerebroughtdownintheterriblestormsthatMarch.Thetownitselflosttwogreatlimetreesfromtheformermarketsquare.Thedisappearanceofsuchprominentfeatureshadalteredtheappearanceofthetowncentreentirely,totheannoyanceofitsmoreconservativeinhabitants.Amongtheannoyed,undermorenormalcircumstances,wouldhavebeenChiefInspectorDouglasPelham,headofthe.Butattheheightofthatweek’sstorm,whenthewindsbroughtdowneventhematurewalnuttreeinhisgarden,Pelhamhadinfactbeeninnofitstatetonotice.Alargeandhealthyman,hehadforthefirsttimeinhislifebeenseriouslyillwithanattackofbronchitis.Whenhefirstcominedofanachingheadandtightnessinhischest,hiswife,Molly,hadtriedtopersuadehimtogotothedoctor.Convincedthatthe couldnotdowithouthim,hehad,asusual,ignoredherandattemptedtocarryonworking.Predictably,thoughhewouldn’thavelistenedtoanyonewhotriedtolhimso,thishastheeffectoffogginghismemoryandshorteninghistemper.Itwasonlywhenhiscolleague,SergeantLloyed,tooktheinitiativeanddrovehimtothedoctor’sdoorthathefinallygavein.Bythattime,hedidn’thavethestrengthlefttoarguewithher.Innotimeatall,shewastakinghimalongtothechemist’stogethisprescribedantibioticsandthenhometohisunsurprisedwifewhosenthimstraighttobed.WhenMollytoldhim,ontheThursdaymorning,thatthewalnuttreehadbeenbroughtdownduringthenight,Pelhamhadn’tbeenabletotakeitin.OnThursdayevening,hehadaskedweaklyaboutdamagetothehouse,groanedthankfullywhenheheardtherewasnone,andpulledthesheetsoverhishead.Itwasn’tuntilSaturday,whentheantibioticstookeffect,histemperaturedroppedandhegotup,thatherealisedwithashockthatthelossofthewalnuttreehadmadeapermanentdifferencetotheappearanceoftheliving-room.ThePelhams’largehousestoodinasizeablegarden.Ithadnotcomecheap,butevensoPelhamhadnoregretsaboutbuyingit.Theleafygardenhadcreatedanimpressionofprivacy.Now,though,thestormhadchangedhisoutlook.Previously,theviewfromtheliving-roomhadfeaturedthehandsomewalnuttree.Thishasnotdarkenedtheroombecausetherewasalsoawindowontheoppositewall,butithadprovidedinterestingpatternsoflightandshadethatdisguisedthetruestateofthewornfurniturethatthefamilyhadbroughtwiththemfromtheirprevioushouse.Withthetreegone,theroomseemedcruellybright,itswornfurnishingsexposedinalltheirshabbiness.Andtheviewfromthewindowdidn’tbearlookingat.Thetallhousenextdoor,previouslyhiddenbythetree,wasnowthere,dominatingtheoutlookwithitsunattractivepurplebricksandexternalpipes.Itseemedtohaveagreatmanyupstairswindows,allofthemwatchingthePelhams’everymovement.“Doesn’titlookterrible?”PelhamcroakedtohisButMolly,standinginthedoorway,soundedmorepleasedthandismayed.“That’swhatI’vebeenlingyoueversincewecamehere.Wehavetobuyanewsofa,whateveritcosts.”WhyweresomepeopleinBrackhamannoyedaftertheThetownlookedThehaddonelittletoNomarketcouldbeFallentreeshadnotbeenWhatdowelearnaboutChiefInspectorPelhamandhiswork,fromthethirdHefoundhisworkextremelyHewassurethathefulfilledavitalroleinhisHeconsideredthesystemsnotHedidnottrustthedecisionsmadebyhisWhenInspectorPelham’swifefirsttoldhimaboutthewalnuttree,heappearedtobe Asaresultofthestorm,thePelhams’living-room waspleasantlyfeltlesshadabetterwasinneedofFromwhatwelearnofInspectorPelham,hecouldbestbedescribedas Questions11-15Ateamofworld-leadingneuro-scientistshasdevelopedapowerfultechniquethatallowsthemtolookdeepinsidea’sbrainandreadtheirintentionsbeforetheyact.Theresearchbreakscontroversialnewgroundinscientists’abilitytoprobepeople’smindsandeavesdropontheirthoughts,andraisesseriousethicalissuesoverhowbrain-readingtechnologymaybeusedinthefuture.Theteamusedhigh-resolutionbrainscanstoidentifypatternsofactivitybeforetranslatingthemintomeaningfulthoughts,revealingwhata nnedtodointhenearfuture.Itisthefirsttimescientistshavesucceededinreadingintentionsinthisway.“Usingthescanner,wecouldlookaroundthebrainforthisinformationandreadoutsomethingthatfromtheoutsidethere’snowayyoucouldpossiblylisinthere.It’slikeshiningatorcharound,lookingforwritingonawall,”saidJohn-DylanHaynesattheMaxnckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencesinGermany,wholedthestudywithcolleaguesatUniversityCollegeLondonandOxfordUniversity.Theresearchbuildsonaseriesofrecentstudiesinwhichbrainimaginghasbeenusedtoidentifyl-taleactivitylinkedtolying,violentbehaviourandracialprejudice.Thelatestworkrevealsthedramaticpaceatwhichneuro-scienceisprogressing,promptingtheresearcherstocallforanurgentdebateintotheethicalissuessurroundingfutureusesforthetechnology.Ifbrain-readingcanberefined,itcouldquicklybeadoptedtoassistinterrogationsofcriminalsandterrorists,andevenusherina“MinorityReport”era(asportrayedintheStevenSpielbergsciencefictionfilmofthatname),wherejudgmentsarehandeddownbeforethelawisbrokenonthestrengthofanincriminatingbrainscan.“Thesetechniquesareemergingandweneedanethicaldebateabouttheimplications,sothatonedaywe’renotsurprisedandoverwhelmedandcaughtonthewrongfootbywhattheycando.Thesethingsaregoingtocometousinthenextfewyearsandweshouldreallybeprepared,”ProfessorHaynessaid.Theuseofbrainscannerstojudgewhetherpeoplearelikelytocommitcrimesisacontentiousissuethatsocietyshouldtacklenow,accordingtoHaynes.“Weseethedangerthatthisecompulsoryoneday,butwehavetobeawarethatifweprohibitit,wearealsodenyingpeoplewhoaren’tgoingtocommitanycrimethepossibilityofprovingtheirinnocence.”Duringthestudy,theresearchersaskedvolunteerstodecidewhethertoaddorsubtracttwonumberstheywerelatershownonascreen.Beforethenumbersflashedup,theyweregivenabrainscanusingatechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticimagingresonance.Theresearchersthenusedasoftwarethathadbeendesignedtospotsubtledifferencesinbrainactivitytopredictthe’sintentionswith70percentaccuracy.Becausebrainsdiffersomuch,thescientistsneedagoodideaofwhata’sbrainactivitylookslikewhentheyarethinkingsomethingtobeabletospotitinascan,butresearchersarealreadydevisingwaysofdeducingwhatpatternsareassociatedwithdifferentthoughts.Accordingtothepassage,thebrain-readingtechnologycanbeused toeavesdroponpotentialcriminalsandtoprobepeople’smindsandreadtheirtodesignasoftwaretospotsubtledifferencesinbraintosuppressactivitieslinkedtolying,andWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheresearchonthebrainWhatshouldpeopledobeforebrainscansaretobeputintopracticalMobilizeadequateResolvecontroversialImprovethescanner’sIdentifydifferentbrainTheword“this”inthesentence“Weseethedangerthatthis ecompulsoryoneday,…”(para.5)refers theuseofbraintheprohibitionofbrainwarningpeoplewhoarelikelytocommitdenyingpeoplethepossibilityofprovingtheirHowdidneuroscientistsmanagetodetectdifferentbrainactivitiesofFlashingthemuponaDeducingvaryingUsingadesignedPredictingtheirWhybankruptyourselfinaso-calledoldpeople’shome?Tryahealthspa—itmightactuallybeSometimesIseeoldladiesshufflingalongthepavementwiththeirsticks,Zimmerframesforgreatersupport,swollenankles,backsbent,fingersclutchingatthesmallbagofshopforone,andIthink:“Theregoesmyfuture.”Butperhapsitneednotbelikethat.Insteadofbankruptingoneselforthestatewiththeincreasinglyhighcostofhomecareanoldpeople’shome,whynottryahealthspaMyfriendRosemaryhasjustreturnedfromafive-dayvisittooneofthesehealthfarms,whichshethoughtmightaidherrecoveryfromherheartattack.Itwasn’texactlyhercupoftea,shesaid:asortofmixbetweenmallshopandaSagacruise,“withthesamewhirlpools,peoplewaitingabouthalf-clothed,andloadsofboutiquessellingoddItwouldhavebeenmorebeneficialhadshenotfoolishlytriedyogaandlayonthefloortryingtobreathe.Oneshouldnotdothisafteraheartattack.Rosemarysoonfeltclammyandsick,satonachair,andthen,evenmorefoolishly,raisedherarmsaboveherheadandnearlyflakedout.Soshestaggeredtothesmokingroom,nowhiddenawayinadistantchaletbehindthelawnbecausedespiteatremendousstruggle,shehasn’tquitemanagedtogiveupcompleyButthefoodwasfabulous,thegroundswereheavenly,andtherewerehordesofcharmingyoungstaff,andloadsofactivities,notallstrenuous.Rosemarywasabletodoblessedlittleforfivedaysandshedidhavealovelyrest—perfectifoneisoldandfairlyhelpless.Whenmymotherwasalive,ItookhertobothRosemary’shealthspaandalocalcarehome.Itwasn’tanursinghome—mymotherwasabletowashanddressherselfandmoveabout—butentertainmentandactivitieswereminimalandthefoodwasgrim:thecustomarydriedchickenlegsandbitsofquicheandwhitebreadhamsandwichesforsupper.Thiswretchedcecostexactlythesameasthehealthspa.Howcanthespadoitforthatpriceandalsomanagerespectguests,fabulousfoodandattractivesurroundings?Wejustcan’tworkitWhatdoestheauthormeanwhenshethinks“Theregoesmyfuture.”(para.ThesameistrueofherHerfuturemightbeShedoesn’thavemuchofaShecan’tlwhatherfutureholdsforIntheauthor’seyes,whydidherfriendRosemarybenefitlessinthehealthBecauseshedidhermallshopBecausesherevertedtoheroldhabitofBecauseshedidphysicalexercisenotsuitableforBecauseshestayedthereforaspanoffiveTheauthor’shighopinionofthehealthspaisbasedon herownherfriendRosemary’shermother’sbothRosemary’sandhermother’sAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinacareLoadsofLotsofCharmingyoungPoor-qualityItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat RosemarywillrevisitthehealthspaandstaytherelongerforacarehomeisnotasattractiveasthehealththehealthspaismoretothetasteofoldladiesthantooldthehealthspacannotmanageitselflongtermwithitslowerThelatestgloomynewsfromjournalism’sbatteredfrontlinesisthattheprestigiousNewYorkTimes(NYT)islayingoff100staff.Paper-and-inknewspapersareindeeptrouble,there’snodoubtaboutthat.ButtheNYT,ascomprehensiveasitsnewscoveragesometimesis,ishardlyinapositiontooffertherealstoryonitscurrentwoes,anymorethanapsychoystisabletoobjectivelyyzehimorherself.What’sbadfortheNYTisnotnecessarilybadforjournalismanymorethanwhatisgoodfortheNYTisnecessarilygoodforjournalism.Butwithmorethan100newspapersclosingdownlastyear,troublesattheNYTcanbeseeninageneralaspartofatrend.Withadvertisingrevenueplummeting,andrealestatelosingvaluebythehour,theNYTisinafallacceleratedinpartbyitsowngreed.Asnewspapersflapabouttryingtobreatheanotherday,Internetnewsaggregatorssoar,circlingabovelikebirdsofpreyforwhomtheshiftingtideisanopportunitywaitingtobepicked.Internetdeliveryofnewsisinfiniyfasterandmoreflexible.Itsavesmillionsoftreesfromthepaperpulpmillandcutsdownontheneedfornoisydeliverytrucksandback-breakinglabor,sowhat’snottolikeaboutit?Forabrieffleetingmoment,consumerscanhavetheircakeandeatittoo.Newspapersdotheheavylifting,whileInternetnewssitesspreadtheinformationaroundfor,“l(fā)ite”andeasy.Butwhowillwritethenewswhenthenewspapersaregone?Whoarethenewnewsgatekeepers?TheInternetmakesusrathertoodependentonterminalsandephonelinesproducedandcontrolledbyahandfulofbigcorporations.AnotherproblemwiththeNetisitsindiscriminatecharacter.Falsehoodsarefloatedaseasilyastruths,andalthoughconscientiousbloggersmayhelpusnavigatethisunknownland,there’snobusinessmodeltosustainthemosttruthfulbloggers,either.Moreominousyet,there’ssomethingcalledthedigitaldividewhichmeanspeoplewhodon’tcaretouseorcan’taffordcomputersareincreasinglybeingleftinthedark,reducedtosecondclasscitizensinanageawashininformation.Ironically,readersincountriessuchasThailand,thoughhobbledbylower e,arelikelytoenjoytheirtreasurednationalnewspapersabitlongerthanAmericans,becauseononehand,salariesandlaborcostsarelower,andontheotherhand,thereisthesocialimperativetoreachthelargepercentageofthepopulationwhocan’taffordthefancynewdigitalviewingdevicesandterminals.Journalismcanandmustsurviveeventhemostcalamitouschangeifsocietyisevertorightitselfandgetthingsright.Intimesofeconomicandsocialstress,reliableinformationismoreimportantthanever,incisiveysisanecessity.Withthediminishedbrightnessoftheday,moreandmorewatchdogsarecalledfor.ShininglightindarkcesismorecriticalthanAhealthysocietyneedsnewsandinformationthatshouldbeaccessibletopeoplefromallwalksoflifeatnominalcost,arolenewspapershaveyedratherwellformorethanacenturynow.Newspaperswillundergodrasticmakeovers,butsowilltheInternetinformationhighway,whichwilllosesomeofitslusterwhenthepay-per-viewtollboothsareinstalled.WhatdoesthepassagemainlyThegeneraldownwardtrendofnewspaperThecomparisonbetweennewspaperandInternetTheimportantroleofpaper-and-inkThereasonsforNewYorkTimeslayingoffitsWelearnfromthefirstparagraphthat apsychoystisabletoobjectivelyyzehimself,buttheNYTistheNYTisinabetterpositionthanapsychoysttosizeuptheirtheNYTshouldoffertherealstoryonitswoeslikewhatapsychoysttheNYTcan’tyzeitswoesobjectivelyjustasapsychoystcan’tdotoWhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofthetroublestheNYTrunsShrinkingFallingDecliningPrevailingInternetAccordingtothepassage,peoplearemorelikelytobekeptinthedarkintheInformationAgebecauseof theInternet’sindiscriminatepeople’stotaldependenceonthepresentdigitaltheclosingdownofnumerousWhatdoesthephrase“shininglight”(para.8)referEffectiveNewsaccessibletoCriticalysisofChristophePetytissittinginaPariscafé,listingtheadornmentsofhisprivateartcollection:severalVanGoghs,andacomprehensiveselectionofthebetterimpressionists.“Ican,”hesaysquietly,“reallygettoknowanypaintingIlike,andsocanyou.”HalfanhourlaterIamsittinginhisofficewithDegas’TheJockeysonmylap.Iffineartlooksgoodinagallery,believeme,itfeelsevenbetterinyourhands.Petytistheworld’sleadingdealerinfakemasterpieces,amanwhoseactivitiesprovokebothadmirationandexasperationinthehigherlevelsoftheartworld.Namethepaintingandforaslittleas?1,000hewilldeliveryouacopysowellexecutedthateventheoriginalmighthavebeentakenin.Petyt’semploysovereightypainters,eachorderedinthestyle.ofaparticularorschool.“Wechoosethemverycarefully,”hesays.“They’reusuallypeoplewithverygoodtechniquebutnotmuchcreativity,whoareunlikelytomakeitassintheirownright.Buttheylovethegreatworksandhaverealinsightintowhat’sgoneintothem.”Everyworkisindividuallyordered,usingnewcanvasesandtraditionaloilpaints,beforebeingartificiallyagedbyavarietyofsimplebutingenioustechniques.Thenotionalvalueoftheoriginalisnotthedeterminingfactor,however,whenitcomestosettingtheretailvalueofPetyt’spaintings.Thisisactuallylinkedtotheamountofeffortandexpertisethathasgoneintoproducingthecopy.Anobscureminiaturemaythereforecostmuchmorethanabigger,better-knownpaintingbyagrandmaster.TheDegasI’mholdinglooksasthoughitcameoffthe’seaselyesterday.Beforebeingsoldithastobeaged,andthis,sotospeak,isthereal“art”ofthecopy.Afewminutesinahotovencanputyearsonacanvas,blackteaapparentlystainsitbeautifullyandnewframescanbeburiedunderground,thensprayedwithacid.TheviewwhenPetytstartedoutwasthatverylittleofthiscouldbelegal.HewaspursuedthroughtheFrenchcourtsbymuseumsandbydescendantsofthes.Thisconcernwasperhapsunderstandableinacountrythathasbeenrockedbynumerousartfraudscandals.“Theestablishmentwassuspiciousofus,”huffsPetyt,“butforthewrongreasons,IthinkSomepeoplewanttokeepallthebestartforthemselves.”Hewonthecaseandasthelawnowstands,theworksandsignaturesofanywhohasbeendeadforseventyyearscanbelycopied.Themainprovisoisthatthecopycannotbepassedofftodealersastherealthing.Topreventthiseverynewpaintingisindeliblymarkedonthebackofthecanvas,andasanadditionalprecautionatinyhiddenpieceofgoldleafisworkedintothepaint.Untilhestartedthebusinesstenyearsago,Paetyt,aformerbusiness-schoolstudent,barelyknewonefromanother.ThenoneparticularpaintingbyVanGoghcaughthiseye.At$1