經(jīng)濟類英語詞匯

經(jīng)濟類詞匯

economist經(jīng)濟學家

socialisteconomy社會主義經(jīng)濟

capitalisteconomy資本主義經(jīng)濟

collectiveeconomy集體經(jīng)濟

plannedeconomy計劃經(jīng)濟

controlledeconomy管制經(jīng)濟

ruraleconomics農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟

liberaleconomy自由經(jīng)濟

mixedeconomy混合經(jīng)濟

politicaleconomy政治經(jīng)濟學

protectionism保護主義

autarchy閉關自守

primarysector初級成分

privatesector私營成分,私營部門

publicsector公共部門,公共成分

economicchannels經(jīng)濟渠道

economicbalance經(jīng)濟平衡

economicfluctuation經(jīng)濟波動

economicdepression經(jīng)濟衰退

economicstability經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定

economicpolicy經(jīng)濟政策

economicrecovery經(jīng)濟復原

understanding約定

concentration集中

holdingcompany控股公司

trust托拉斯

cartel卡特爾

rateofgrowth增長

economictrend經(jīng)濟趨勢

economicsituation經(jīng)濟形勢

infrastructure基本建設

standardofliving生活標準,生活水平

purchasingpower,buyingpower購買力

scarcity短缺

stagnation停滯,蕭條,不景氣

underdevelopment不發(fā)達

underdeveloped不發(fā)達的

developing發(fā)展中的initialcapital創(chuàng)辦資本

frozencapital凍結(jié)資金

frozenassets凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)

fixedassets固定資產(chǎn)

realestate不動產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)

circulatingcapital,workingcapital流動資本

availablecapital可用資產(chǎn)

capitalgoods資本貨物

reserve準備金,儲備金

callingupofcapital催繳資本

allocationoffunds資金分配

contributionoffunds資金捐獻

workingcapitalfund周轉(zhuǎn)基金

revolvingfund循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金

contingencyfund意外開支,準備金

reservefund準備金

bufferfund緩沖基金,平準基金

sinkingfund償債基金

investment投資,資產(chǎn)

investor投資人

self-financing自籌經(jīng)費,經(jīng)費自給

bank銀行

currentaccount經(jīng)常帳戶(美作:checkingaccount)

current-accountholder支票帳戶(美作:checking-accountholder)

cheque支票(美作:check)

bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer無記名支票,來人支票

crossedcheque劃線支票

traveller'scheque旅行支票

chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)

endorsement背書

transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過戶

money貨幣

issue發(fā)行

readymoney現(xiàn)錢

cash現(xiàn)金

readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠

change零錢

banknote,note鈔票,紙幣(美作:bill)

topay(in)cash付現(xiàn)金

domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本國貨幣

convertibility可兌換性

convertiblecurrencies可自由兌換貨幣

exchangerate匯率,兌換率

foreignexchange外匯

floatingexchangerate浮動匯率

freeexchangerates自由匯兌市場

foreignexchangecertificate外匯兌換券

hardcurrency硬通貨

speculation投機

saving儲裝,存款

depreciation減價,貶值

devaluation(貨幣)貶值

revaluation重估價

runawayinflation無法控制的通貨膨脹

deflation通貨緊縮

capitalflight資本外逃

securitiesbusiness證券市場

stockexchange股票市場

stockexchangecorporation證券交易所

stockexchange證券交易所,股票交易所

quotation報價,牌價

share股份,股票

shareholder,stockholder股票持有人,股東

dividend股息,紅利

cashdividend現(xiàn)金配股

stockinvestment股票投資

investmenttrust投資信托

stock-jobber股票經(jīng)紀人

stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm證券公司

securities有價證券

share,commonstock普通股

preferencestock優(yōu)先股

incomegain股利收入

issue發(fā)行股票

parvalue股面價格,票面價格

bull買手,多頭

bear賣手,空頭

assigned過戶

openingprice開盤

closingprice收盤

hardtimes低潮

businessrecession景氣衰退

doldrums景氣停滯

dull盤整

ease松弛

raisinglimit漲停板

break暴跌

bond,debenture債券

WallStreet華爾街shorttermloan短期貸款

longtermloan長期貸款

mediumtermloan中期貸款

lender債權(quán)人

creditor債權(quán)人

debtor債務人,借方

borrower借方,借款人

borrowing借款

interest利息

rateofinterest利率

discount貼現(xiàn),折扣

rediscount再貼現(xiàn)

annuity年金

maturity到期日,償還日

amortization攤銷,攤還,分期償付

redemption償還

insurance保險

mortgage抵押

allotment撥款

shorttermcredit短期信貸

consolidateddebt合并債務

fundeddebt固定債務,長期債務

floatingdebt流動債務

drawing提款,提存

aid援助

allowance,grant,subsidy補貼,補助金,津貼cost成本,費用

expenditure,outgoings開支,支出

fixedcosts固定成本

overheadcosts營業(yè)間接成本

overheads雜項開支,間接成本

operatingcosts生產(chǎn)費用,營業(yè)成本

operatingexpenses營業(yè)費用

runningexpenses日常費用,經(jīng)營費用

miscellaneouscosts雜項費用

overheadexpenses間接費用,管理費用

upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts維修費用,養(yǎng)護費用

transportcosts運輸費用

socialcharges社會負擔費用

contingentexpenses,contingencies或有費用

apportionmentofexpenses分攤費用income收入,收益

earnings利潤,收益

grossincome,grossearnings總收入,總收益

grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,總利潤,利益毛額

netincome純收益,凈收入,收益凈額

averageincome平均收入

nationalincome國民收入

profitability,profitearningcapacity利潤率,贏利率

yield產(chǎn)量收益,收益率

increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值duty稅

taxationsystem稅制

taxation征稅,納稅

fiscalcharges財務稅收

progressivetaxation累進稅制

graduatedtax累進稅

valueaddedtax增值稅

incometax所得稅

landtax地租,地價稅

excisetax特許權(quán)稅

basisofassessment估稅標準

taxableincome須納稅的收入

fiscality檢查

tax-free免稅的

taxexemption免稅

taxpayer納稅人

taxcollector收稅員

國民生產(chǎn)總值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)

人均國民生產(chǎn)總值percapitaGNP

產(chǎn)值outputvalue

鼓勵giveincentiveto

投入input

宏觀控制exercisemacro-control

優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)optimizetheeconomicstructure

輸入活力bringvigorinto

改善經(jīng)濟環(huán)境improveeconomicenvironment

整頓經(jīng)濟秩序rectifyeconomicorder

有效地控制通貨膨脹effectivelycontrolinflation

非公有成分non-publicsectors

主要成分dominantsector

實在的tangible

全體會議plenarysession

解放生產(chǎn)力liberate/unshackle/releasetheproductiveforces

引入歧途leadonetoablindalley

舉措move

實事求是seektruthfromfacts

引進、輸入importation

和平演變peacefulevolution

試一下haveago(atsth.)

精華、精粹、實質(zhì)quintessence

家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責任承包制family-contractresponsibilitysystem

搞活企業(yè)invigorateenterprises

商品經(jīng)濟commodityeconomy

BankofTokyo,Ltd.東京銀行

HongkongandShanghaiCorporation香港匯豐銀行

InternationalFinanceCorporation,IFC國際金融公司

LaCommunauteFinancieveAfricane非洲金融共同體

EconomicandSocialCouncil,ECOSOC聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟及社會理事會

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,NUDP聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署

UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund,UNCDF聯(lián)合國資本開發(fā)基金

UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization,UNIDO聯(lián)合國工業(yè)發(fā)展組織

UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTAD聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會議

FoodandAgriculturalOrganization,FAO糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織,糧農(nóng)組織

EconomicCommissionforEurope,ECE歐洲經(jīng)濟委員會

EconomicCommissionforLatinAmerica,ECLA拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟委員會

EconomicCommissionforAsiaandFarEast,ECAFE亞洲及遠東經(jīng)濟委員會

EconomicCommissionforWesternAsia,ECWA西亞經(jīng)濟委員會

EconomicCommissionforAfrica,ECA非洲經(jīng)濟委員會

OverseasChineseInvestmentCompany華僑投資公司

NewYorkStockExchange,NYSE紐約證券交易所

LondonStockMarket倫敦股票市場

BalticMercantileandShippingExchange波羅的海商業(yè)和航運交易所關貿(mào)總協(xié)定，世界貿(mào)易組織的前身

GATT

(General

Agreement

on

Tariffs

and

Trade)

世界貿(mào)易組織

WTO

(World

Trade

Organization)

烏拉圭回合

Uruguay

Round

最惠國待遇（現(xiàn)通常稱"正常貿(mào)易關系"）MFN（most-favored-nation)

treatment

爭端解決機構(gòu)

dispute

settlement

body

《關于爭端解決規(guī)則與程序的諒解》

DSU

(Understanding

on

Rules

and

Procedures

Governing

the

Settlement

of

Disputes)

《北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》

NAFTA

(North

American

Free

Trade

Agreement)

東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

ASEAN

Free

Trade

Area

東部和南部非洲共同市場

COMESA

(Common

Market

for

Eastern

and

Southern

Africa)

反傾銷措施

anti-dumping

measures

against…

非配額產(chǎn)品

quota-free

products

非生產(chǎn)性投資

investment

in

non-productive

projects

風險管理/評估

risk

management/

assessment

國際收支

balance

of

international

payments/

balance

of

payment

實行國民待遇

grant

the

national

treatment

to

瓶頸制約

"bottleneck"

restrictions

非洲、加勒比和太平洋國家集團（洛美協(xié)定）

ACP

(African,

Caribbean

and

Pacific

Group)

（補貼協(xié)議）可訴補貼

actionable

subsidy

上訴機構(gòu)

appeal

body

基礎稅率

base

tariff

level

國際收支條款

BOP(Balance-of-payments)

Provisions

既定日程

built-in

agenda

約束水平

bound

level

(歐盟）共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策

Common

Agriculture

Policy

規(guī)避

circumvention

反補貼稅

countervailing

duty

交叉報復

cross

retaliation

海關完稅價值

customs

values

環(huán)保型技術

EST(Environmentally-sound

technology)

出口實績

export

performance

出口補貼

export

subsidy

糧食安全

food

security

免費搭車者(享受其他國家最惠國待遇而不進行相應減讓的國家)

free-rider

政府采購government

procurement

灰色區(qū)域措施

grey

area

measures

WTO最不發(fā)達國家高級別會議

HLM

(WTO

High-level

Meeting

for

LDCs)

協(xié)調(diào)制度（商品名稱及編碼協(xié)調(diào)制度）

HS

(Harmonized

Commodity

and

Coding

System)

進口許可

import

licensing

進口滲透

import

penetration

最初談判權(quán)(初談權(quán))

INRs

(Initial

Negotiating

Rights)

知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

IPRs

(Intellectual

property

rights)

最不發(fā)達國家

LDCs

(Least-developed

countries)

當?shù)睾?/p>

local

content

市場準入

market

access

專門的營銷機構(gòu)

market

boards

(服務貿(mào)易)自然人

national

person

國民待遇

national

treatment

(利益的)喪失和減損

nullification

and

impairment

(爭端解決)專家組

panel

(《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》中關于反補貼的)和平條款

peace

clause

諸邊協(xié)議

plurilateral

agreement

(服務貿(mào)易)自然人流動

presence

of

natural

person

生產(chǎn)補貼

production

subsidy

消費膨脹

inflated

consumption

慢性蕭條

chronic

depression

進口環(huán)節(jié)稅

import

linkage

tax

北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

NAFTA

(North

American

Free

Trade

Area)

全球配額

global

quota

祖父條款

grandfather

clause

貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化

TILF

(Trade

and

Investment

Liberalization

and

Facilitation)

國際清算

international

settlement

橫向兼并

horizontal

merger

垂直兼并

vertical

merger

垃圾融資

junk

financing

申報制度

reporting

system;

income

declaration

system

市場準人的行政管理措施

AAMA

(Administrative

Aspects

of

Market

Access)

減員增效downsizeforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency剪彩cuttheribbon解除勞動關系severlaborrelation解放生產(chǎn)力emancipatetheproductiveforces（freetheproductivity）精簡機構(gòu)streamlinegovernmentorgans竟爭上崗competeforthepost舉報非法行為discloseanyillegalactivities開辟更多渠道openmorechannels開發(fā)（青睞）中國市場tap（favor）theChinesemarket開拓市場exploitmarkets控制通貨膨脹controlinflation（keepinflationundercontrol）擴大貧富差距widenthegapbetweentherichandthepoor擴大消費市場expandconsumptionmarket留職停薪retainthejobbutsuspendthesalary面對可能的壓力和競爭facepossiblepressureandcompetition牟取暴利seekexcessiveprofits平衡經(jīng)濟（的發(fā)展）balanceeconomy取締非法收入banunlawfulincomes（illegalearnings）讓…處于同一起跑線put…onthesameplatformandatthesamestartingpoint讓位于競爭需要givewaytotheneedforcompetition申請專利applyforapatent實現(xiàn)目標realizethegoal適應…的發(fā)展adaptoneselftothedevelopmentof損失慘重suffergreatlosses縮小不平衡狀態(tài)decreasetheimbalance縮小…間的距離narrowthegapbetween提高公務員工資raisethesalariesofcivilservants提高管理水平raisethemanagementlevel提高居民生活improveresidents’standardofliving調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)adjusttheindustrialstructure推廣科研成果turnlaboratoryachievementsintocommercial（mass）production（commercializelaboratoryachievements）退還大量錢款givebackanamountofmoney脫貧致富cast（shake，throw）offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity完善服務perfectservices為…帶來多種經(jīng)濟和社會效益bringmultipleeconomicandsocialbenefitsto…為…提供巨大商機presenthugebusinessopportunities吸收游資absorbidlefund吸引外商投資attractforeigninvestment下海plungeintothecommercialsea陷入困境landoneselfindeeptrouble向…投資巨額資金investhugeamountsofmoneyinto消滅假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品wipeoutfakeproducts以經(jīng)濟建設為中心foocusonthecentraltaskofeconomicconstruction以質(zhì)量求生存、求發(fā)展、求效益striveforsurvival，developmentandefficiencyonthebasisofquality優(yōu)勝劣汰selectthesuperiorandeliminatetheinferior優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共運輸giveprioritytothedevelopmentofpublictransportation愛崗敬業(yè)cherishpostsanddevotewholeheartedlytowork

保持國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的良好勢頭maintainagoodmomentumofgrowthinthenationaleconomy

保持國有股keeptheState-heldshares

保證下崗職工的基本生活guaranteethebasicneedsoflaid-offworkers

被指控接受賄賂beaccusedofacceptingbribes

采取不同的辦法adoptvariousmethods

采取反壟斷措施takeanti-monopolymeasures

承擔風險bear(take)risk

籌集足夠的資金raiseenoughfunds(capital,proceeds)

創(chuàng)收外匯earnforeignexchange(currency)

刺激國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟需求spurdomesticdemand

刺激國內(nèi)需求stimulatedomesticdemand

從粗放經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟shiftfromextensiveeconomytointensiveeconomy

從國外引進先進技術和管理introducefromabroadtheadvancedtechnologyand

經(jīng)驗managementexpertise

促進地區(qū)間的合作promoteregionalcooperation

促進改革promotereform

促進全球經(jīng)濟一體化fosterintegrationwiththeglobaleconomy

打黑crackdownonspeculationandprofiteering

打假takestrongmeasuresagainstfakeandshoddyproducts(crackdownoncounterfeitgoods)

打破壟斷breakthemonopoly

對…提出控告(投訴)lodgecomplaintsagainst…

對…造成(構(gòu)成)威脅form(pose)athreatto…

奪回失去的市場takebacklostmarket

發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢givefullplaytoone’sadvantages

防范和化解金融風險takeprecautionsagainstandreducefinancialrisks

改善投資環(huán)境improvetheenvironmentforinvestment

趕超先進surpasstheadvanced

給…帶來積極影響bringamorepositiveimpacton…

根據(jù)市場作出調(diào)整gearourselvestothemarketorientation

公證財產(chǎn)notarizetheproperties

和…達成(簽訂)協(xié)議reach(sign)anagreementwith

和…進一步合作furthercooperationwith

和…有合作關系havecooperativetieswith

活躍市場enliventhemarket

集中精力把經(jīng)濟建設搞上去goalloutforeconomicdevelopment

計算出準確的工資水平figureoutanexactsalarylevel

加快經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整speedupeconomicdevelopmentandrestructuring

加快競爭步伐acceleratethecompetition

加快努力speedupefforts

加強風險防范prepareoneselfagainstpossiblerisks

加強管理reinforcethemanagement

減緩通貨緊縮的壓力easetheseriousnessofdeflation

減輕…的負擔reduce(lighten)theburdenof(on)

減員增效downsizeforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency

剪彩cuttheribbon

解除勞動關系severlaborrelation

解放生產(chǎn)力emancipatetheproductiveforces(freetheproductivity)

精簡機構(gòu)streamlinegovernmentorgans

竟爭上崗competeforthepost

舉報非法行為discloseanyillegalactivities

開辟更多渠道openmorechannels

開發(fā)(青睞)中國市場tap(favor)theChinesemarket

開拓市場exploitmarkets

控制通貨膨脹controlinflation(keepinflationundercontrol)

擴大貧富差距widenthegapbetweentherichandthepoor

擴大消費市場expandconsumptionmarket

留職停薪retainthejobbutsuspendthesalary

面對可能的壓力和競爭facepossiblepressureandcompetition

牟取暴利seekexcessiveprofits

平衡經(jīng)濟(的發(fā)展)balanceeconomy

取締非法收入banunlawfulincomes(illegalearnings)

讓…處于同一起跑線put…onthesameplatformandatthesamestartingpoint

讓位于競爭需要givewaytotheneedforcompetition

申請專利applyforapatent

實現(xiàn)目標realizethegoal

適應…的發(fā)展adaptoneselftothedevelopmentof

損失慘重suffergreatlosses

縮小不平衡狀態(tài)decreasetheimbalance

縮小…間的距離narrowthegapbetween

提高公務員工資raisethesalariesofcivilservants

提高管理水平raisethemanagementlevel

提高居民生活improveresidents’standardofliving

調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)adjusttheindustrialstructure

推廣科研成果turnlaboratoryachievementsintocommercial(mass)production(commercializelaboratoryachievements)

退還大量錢款givebackanamountofmoney

脫貧致富cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity

完善服務perfectservices

為…帶來多種經(jīng)濟和社會效益bringmultipleeconomicandsocialbenefitsto…

為…提供巨大商機presenthugebusinessopportunities

吸收游資absorbidlefund

吸引外商投資attractforeigninvestment

下海plungeintothecommercialsea

陷入困境landoneselfindeeptrouble

向…投資巨額資金investhugeamountsofmoneyinto

消滅假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品wipeoutfakeproducts

以經(jīng)濟建設為中心focusonthecentraltaskofeconomicconstruction

以質(zhì)量求生存、求發(fā)展、求效益striveforsurvival,developmentandefficiencyonthebasisofquality

優(yōu)勝劣汰selectthesuperiorandeliminatetheinferior優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共運輸giveprioritytothedevelopmentofpublictransportation1.decline衰退；下降

2.crudeoil原油

3.barrel桶

4.triple三倍

5.scary引起驚慌的

6.quadruple四倍

7.gloomanddoom厄運

8.suspend暫停，中止；懸，掛

9.grip抓住

10.hemisphere半球

11.muted溫和的，趨緩的；緘默的，無言的

12.swing搖擺；秋千

13.conservation保護；保存

14.energy-intensive能源密集型的

15.emerging(economy)新興的（經(jīng)濟）（動詞emerge浮現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)，暴露）

16.squeeze擠，壓榨

17.againstthebackgroundof以…為背景

1.counton指望，依靠2.fairplay公平競爭3.financially財務上4.secure安全的5.pinkslip<美口>解雇通知書（源出解雇通知書多用紅色復寫本）6.sideeffect副作用7.budget做預算8.parachute保護傘；降落傘9.setback挫折10.back-up替補的，備份的11.layoff解雇，使下崗12.weather平安地渡過（風雨、困難等），經(jīng)受住13.disruption破壞14.makeup彌補15.stockmarket股票市場16.fluctuation波動（動詞fluctuate）17.harsh嚴酷的；刺耳的18.retiree退休人員（結(jié)尾ee表示“處于某種情況下的人”或“受動者”）19.trade…for…以…與…相交換20.investmentreturn投資回報21.legislative立法的22.deductible（保險、稅收等的）扣減額23.dose劑（量）；數(shù)量24.demographics人口分布25.workagainst對…不利26.odds可能性，機會；沖突27.attendant伴隨的，隨之產(chǎn)生的；出席的；n.出席者，服務員28.perspective角度；透視29.wholesale大批的，數(shù)量大的；批發(fā)的；n.批發(fā)（retail零售）30.verburdened負擔過重的31.fallout附帶結(jié)果，余波；放射性墜塵1.distinctly突出地2.hostile懷有敵意的（名詞hostility）3.present呈獻；提出，提供4.superb<口>極好的；杰出的5.townsfolk城鎮(zhèn)居民；市民6.largely主要地7.liveoff靠…過日子，依賴…生活8.worthy優(yōu)秀的；值得的9.frankly直率地，坦白地10.deliciously有趣地，怡人地；可口地11.ironic具有諷刺意味的（名詞irony——反語）12.doone'sshareof分擔；分享13.stream一連串；川流不息14.sightseer（名詞sightseeing觀光）觀光者15.playgoer（名詞playgoing——看戲）（經(jīng)常）看戲的人，戲迷16.contend主張；競爭，斗爭17.council委員會；理事會18.contribute貢獻19.subsidy補助，津貼20.cocktail雞尾酒21.lounge休息廳，休息室；閑逛22.decorate裝飾，裝修23.andsoforth等等24.inarow連續(xù)25.rocket飛速上升；n.火箭26.clientele<總稱>顧客；委托人27.dedicated專注的，獻身的28.jean牛仔褲；緊身工作褲29.boxoffice票房，售票處1.biteone'snails束手無策；咬指甲2.softening變軟弱，變溫和，變軟（動詞soften）3.indicator指標，尺度（動詞indicate）4.dowithout免除，不用5.downscale降低規(guī)模6.middle-brow中產(chǎn)階級趣味的（人）；文化教養(yǎng)一般的（人）7.dealership商品特許經(jīng)銷商8.lag滯后9.temper調(diào)和，使緩和；脾氣10.soundalarms敲響警鐘，發(fā)出警報11.panic恐慌，驚慌失措12.belt-tightening緊縮開支13.despair絕望14.goldrush追逐暴利的熱潮；淘金熱15.predominantly占主導地位地，顯著地16.bonus額外給予的東西；獎金17.frenzied瘋狂的，狂熱的，極度激動的（名詞frenzy）18.overbidding出價高于（某物的）價值；出價過高19.real-estatebroker房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人20.silverlinings一線希望（或安慰）21.bubble泡沫，氣泡22.swing搖擺23.ingredient成分，因素24.sustained持續(xù)的1.merge合并(名詞merger)2.heighten使提高，加強3.monopoly壟斷4.freight貨物，運費5.substantial可觀的，大量的；實質(zhì)的，真實的6.coordinated協(xié)調(diào)的(coordinate)7.bulk(巨大的)體積，大量；(大)塊8.have…bythethroat掐住…的脖子9.consolidation鞏固，加強(動詞consolidate)10.appeal(to)申訴，上訴；吸引11.captive被俘虜?shù)?2.raterelief費用減免13.discrimination歧視；區(qū)別14.onthegroundsthat基于…理由15.subscribe同意，贊成；訂購，訂閱16.flourish繁榮17.arbiter裁決人，決定者；仲裁人18.brightening光明的19.surging急劇上升的(動詞surge急劇上升；上涌)acceleratevt.(使)加速，增速【例】acceleratetherateofeconomicgrowth加速經(jīng)濟增長【派】accelerationn.加速acceleratinga.加速的boostvt.提高，推動，使增長n.推動，增長【例】boosttheeconomy推動經(jīng)濟增長【派】boostern.支持者，推動器mushroomvi.迅速成長n.蘑菇來源：上考試大網(wǎng)校，考試輕松過關【例】sth.mushroom……快速成長/增加flourishvi.繁榮，茂盛vt.揮動【例】thenation'seconomywillflourish國家經(jīng)濟將繁榮發(fā)展thrivevi.興旺，繁榮來源：【例】Thecompanymanagedtothriveafterarecession經(jīng)濟衰退后該公司設法興旺起來imposevt.把……強加于;征稅【考】imposeon/upon把……