全高考必考語法：介詞-有解析

高考必考語法：介詞-有解析高考必考語法精講精練語法專題四：介詞介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。它是高考必考點(diǎn)之一。《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語法項(xiàng)目表中對介詞考查列了一項(xiàng)：介詞和介詞短語。介詞在句子中不能單獨(dú)使用，只能與名詞、代詞等構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語、后置定語、表語和補(bǔ)語等。2015年高考全國卷Ⅰ第66題（語法填空）考查了介詞短語bycar乘汽車；第74題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查了介詞短語withthedevelopmentof隨著......的發(fā)展。2016年高考全國卷Ⅰ第64題（語法填空）考查了介詞短語gobackto回到；第78題（短文改錯(cuò)）考查了介詞短語dreamof夢想。2017年高考全國卷Ⅰ第61題（語法填空）考查了介詞as表示"作為"；第68題（語法填空）考查了介詞by后面接v-ing；第80題考查了介詞短語inthemiddleof里的介詞of。I.高考英語短文改錯(cuò)及語法填空考點(diǎn)分析及訓(xùn)練·介詞考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析：短文改錯(cuò)對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語時(shí)誤加介詞和在不及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語時(shí)漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習(xí)語中的介詞用法等。語法填空主要涉及介詞的選擇。介詞單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練：1.Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar.2.Suddenlywecaughtsightatacarandsomemen.3.WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.4.Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.5.Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.6.…andsomebooks,forexample,booksforhistory,science,cookingandgardeningarealsopopular.7.Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.8.Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation.9.Infact,theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.10.Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.11.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.12.Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.13.Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…14.ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.15.SoI'mreallysorrythatIwon'tbeabletocomeinthistime.16.…butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.17.Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro'clockinthemorning.18.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.19.Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.20.Ifeelsorrytohim.21.Becausesomuchviewing,childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.22.Ononeyeartheaveragechildwillsee25,000televisioncommercials…23.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese…24.I'msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.25.YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.26.ButIhavespentlotsmymoney,…27.…youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors'Club…28.Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.介詞單句改錯(cuò)之模擬訓(xùn)練：1.Wemustserveforthepeopleheartandsoul.2.Ifollowedthemanforawhile,andsawhimenterintothebank.3.SoonthenursemarriedwithmyfriendJim.4.Itookagreatmanyofphotographsinthemountains.5.InEnglishclass,weoftentalkeachotherinEnglish.6.Don'ttalk.Whatthemansaysiswellworthlistening.7.Thechairlookshard,butitiscomfortabletosit.8.Shewasverykindandinsistedlendinghercartous.9.IaskedtoherwhatshewouldbedoingonSaturday.10.Areyougladtobegoingtobacktoschool?11.Onhiswaytohome,hemetoneofhisoldfriendsJack.12.Pleaseclosethedooratnexttimeyoucomein.13.Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideineveryyear.14.Wecanfinishtheworkeitherthisweekorinnextweek.15.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadtakingtheelevator.16.Wecouldnothaveheardthembecausethenoisefromtheriver.17.Don'tbeangrytomefornothavingwritten—Iwasreallytoobusy.18.I'vereadalotbooksaboutanimals.19.Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindforhim.20.IknewthattherewasnohopeonthemomentIsawhim.21.Don'tgobyplane.It'salotofmoreexpensive.22.Exceptmilkandcheese,weallneedvegetables.23.Onmywayback,IcalledatMrSmithathisoffice.介詞單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練：1.Hisfatherhasbeenillonbedfortwoyears.2.Duringthesummervacation,heworkedinthefarm.3.Heisveryfondoffootballandheisintheschoolfootballteam.4.Ihavemaderapidprogressunderthehelpofmyteacher.5.Don'treadunderthestronglight.6.ThekillerranawaytothedirectionofBeijing.7.HelivesonNo.124.WuyiRoad.8.Heisveryangrytohissonforhisfailingintheexam.9.Hehitmeontheface.10.Heisstricttomeinmywork.11.Thebottleisfilledofthegas.12.LondonstandstotheThames.13.Hismothertookprideofhisgreatachievements.14.Therearetwowindowsonthewall.15.Onthewayhome,IfoundIhadlostthekeyofthedoor.16.Wearetryingtofindtheansweroftheproblem.17.Youarerequiredtowriteyourstorywithyourownwords.18.Withwhatlanguagedidshemakethespeech?19.Heisthecleverestinallthestudents.20.Ataclearnight,hewentoutinsearchofthegold.21.HehadanEnglishpartyatChristmasEve.22.Womenshouldbeequalwithmen.23.Heisblindonbothhiseyes.24.UncleTomisfamousashisskillincooking.25.Hewillcomebackafterfiveweeks.26.Hesaidthathehadmetusmanyyearsago.27.Heisthetallestbetweenthefourofus.28.Icalledonmyuncle'slastnight.29.Itisverycleverforadogtosaveitsowner.30.Youshouldbebewaretodangers.介詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1．Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.______short，he'sreliable.2．Inaddition________theschool，thevillagehasaclinic，whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.3．Thedictionaryisofdate：manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.4．Myconnectionwithpandasgoesback________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s.5.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreams_______becomingrichinashortperiodoftime.6．Mostofusaremorefocused_______ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.7.Areyouinterested________becomingamusicianandgettingarecordingcontract(合同)?8.Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatest________thebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.9.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.10.NowIamleavinghome__________college.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.11.Inhighschool,Ibecamecurious________thecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.12.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoney________acause.13.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda________morethantwoyears.14.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantage________theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.15.Shelly－Annisalittlewoman________abigsmile.Shehasmentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.16.TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.17.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves________halfanhour.18.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistolive________harmonywithnature.19.Thewholeteamcount________CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.20.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut________ThomasEdison.21.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea?22.Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable._______contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.23.Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappeal_____ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.24.Thesecommentscameinresponse_____specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.25.Thismeetingroomisanonsmokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou_____advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.參考答案及解析如果有不解的地方，留言區(qū)提問，我一定會認(rèn)真解答介詞單句改錯(cuò)之真題訓(xùn)練：1.in改為on，insiston為固定搭配2.at改為of，catchsightof是習(xí)語，意為"看見"3.go后加for，goforawalk是習(xí)語4.to改為with，要表示對某人生氣，英語習(xí)慣上用beangrywithsb5.去掉for，因其前的get是及物動(dòng)詞6.booksfor改為bookson，此處的on意為"關(guān)于"7.去掉about或?qū)bout改為that，因動(dòng)詞knew后可直接跟賓語從句，無需用介詞8.for改為of，注意句型It'skindofsbtodosth9.去掉in，在由next,this,last等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語中，一般可直接用作時(shí)間狀語，無需加in,on,at這樣的介詞10.去掉for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞11.instead后加of，insteadof為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示"而不是"12.among改為in，inmyfamily意為"在我家里"13.alot后加of，因alot不能直接修飾名詞14.on改為for，thanksfordoingsth意為"因某事而感謝某人"15.去掉in，因thistime可直接用作狀語16.去掉about，因about后沒有接賓語，about屬多余17.去掉on，因onenight可直接用作狀語18.去掉at，themoment在此用作連詞，相當(dāng)于assoonas19.去掉in，spend是及物動(dòng)詞，其后可直接跟名詞作賓語20.to改為for，be/feelsorryforsb意為"為某人感到難過"21.Because后加of，因somuchviewing相當(dāng)于名詞22.On改為In，意為"在一年中"23.去掉that前的in，was后是一個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，in是多余的24.to改為at，laughat意為"嘲笑"25.kinds后加of，akindof意為"一種……"，allkindsof…意為"各種各樣的……"26.lots后加of，lots/alot后不能接名詞；后接名詞時(shí)，要用lotsof…，alotof…27.去掉in，表示"參加，加入"某個(gè)組織，join后不要再加介詞in；表示"參加"某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)時(shí)，才加in28.on改為in，因?yàn)閔avesthincommon是固定搭配，意為"有共同的……"介詞單句改錯(cuò)之模擬訓(xùn)練：1.去掉for，serve表示"為……服務(wù)"，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語時(shí)無需用介詞。2.去掉into，enter表示"進(jìn)入"時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語時(shí)無需用介詞。3.去掉with，marry表示"與……結(jié)婚"時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語時(shí)無需用介詞。4.去掉of，agreatmany后可直接跟名詞，無需用介詞。但若其后的名詞有the,these,my等表特指的限定詞，則要用介詞of，如agreatmanyofmyfriends。5.talk后加to，因talk為不及物動(dòng)詞。6.listening后加to，因whatthemansays是listento的邏輯賓語。7.sit后加on或in，因?yàn)閺倪壿嬌险f就是siton/inthechair。8.insisted后加on，insist后可接從句作賓語，但不接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等作賓語，遇此情況應(yīng)用insiston。9.去掉to，因ask是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語時(shí)無需用介詞。10.去掉back前的to，因back是副詞，其前不用介詞。11.去掉home前的to，因home是副詞，其前不用介詞。12.去掉at，因nexttime在此用作連詞，意為"下次"。13.去掉in，everyyear可直接用作狀語，其前無需用介詞。14.去掉in，nextweek可直接用作狀語，其前無需用介詞。15.instead后加of，insteadof為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示"而沒有"。16.because后加of，因其后接的是名詞，而不是句子。17.to改為with，要表示"對某人生氣"，用beangrywithsb，不用beangrytosb。18.alot后加of，alotof意為"許多"。19.for改為of，為itisverykindofsb的變體。20.去掉on，themoment在此用作連詞，意為"一……就"。21.去掉of，alot修飾比較級，alotof修飾名詞。22.Except改為Besides。比較：except表示"除……外，不再有"，besides表示"除……外，還有"。23.at改為on。比較：callat后接某地方，callon后接某人。介詞單句改錯(cuò)之提升訓(xùn)練：1.on改為in。inbed為固定用法，表示"臥床休息"。2.in改為on。3.in改為on。ontheteam為固定用法。4.under改為with。withthehelpof表示"在……的幫助下"。5.under改為in。"在……光線下"正確表示方法為in…light。6.to改為in。inthedirectionof…表示"朝……方向"之意。7.on改為at。8.to改為with。表示"對某人生氣"應(yīng)用beangrywithsb.。9.on改為in。10.to改為with。bestrictwithsb.表示"對某人要求嚴(yán)格"；bestrictinsth.表示"對某事要求嚴(yán)格"。11.of改為with。注意這兩個(gè)詞組的介詞搭配befullof，befilledwith。12.to改為on。表示"在河的邊沿"，用on。13.of改為in。注意兩個(gè)詞組的介詞搭配takepridein，beproudof14.on改為in。15.of改為to。thekeytothedoor為固定搭配。16.of改為to。theanswertotheproblem為固定搭配。17.with改為in。18.With改為In。19.in改為of。表比較的對象用of。表比較地點(diǎn)范圍用in，如：inmyclass,inChina20.At改為On。On指具體所指的一天晚上。21.at改為on。注意比較：atChristmas22.with改為to。Beequalto（相等的、均等的）為固定搭配。23.on改為in。表示眼睛瞎了要用介詞in/of。24.as改為for。befamousfor表示"因某事出名",befamousas表示"因某種身份出名"。25.after改為in。表"將來一段時(shí)間之后"，用in。26.ago改為before。ago以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，如：fivedaysago。而before以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)，如：beforeliberation27.between改為among。between只能指"兩者之間"。28.on改為at。myuncle's是"我叔叔家"的意思。29.for改為of。如果形容詞表示不定式邏輯主語的品質(zhì)，性格的話，用of。30.to改為of。Bebewareof…(當(dāng)心…)為固定搭配。介詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1．In[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：那個(gè)年輕人誠實(shí)而且善于合作，總是在你需要幫助的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)?？傊?，他是可靠的。]2．to[句意：除了學(xué)校之外，這個(gè)村子也有診所，也是政府資助建設(shè)的。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，尤其是"also"提示，可知用inadditi