全近年高考英語閱讀理解考點分析題答題流程及答題技巧專題

近年高考英語閱讀理解考點分析，題答題流程及答題技巧專題1.體裁、題材豐富選文體裁、題材豐富，考查內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣，與當(dāng)代社會生活緊密相關(guān)。體裁有記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文和說明文，題材涉及人物故事、名人傳記、前沿科技、環(huán)境保護(hù)和歷史文化等話題。在閱讀時，考生既要能做到忠實于原文，也要能領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意，切記不要摻雜個人觀點。2.注重細(xì)節(jié)，變在其中題目設(shè)置以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，兼顧詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。考生在今后的訓(xùn)練中要特別注重掌握不同題型的解題技巧。3.選材新穎，時代性強(qiáng)2017年6月浙江高考英語試題閱讀理解題材涉及美國繪畫之父BenjaminWest、青少年的睡眠問題和意大利移民被要求參加語言測試。題目設(shè)置方面，信息定位具體，語言表達(dá)簡潔。試題難度適中，考查角度全面。先題后文法，即先看問題和選項再看文章，待看完文章后再做題。其實這種方法還可以細(xì)分為兩種：一種是只看問題不看選項，即大致看看問題，然后帶著問題再看文章；另一種是將問題和所有選項看完，再看文章。應(yīng)用文一般使用這種方法。這種方法的特點是目的明確，在閱讀時有所側(cè)重，能節(jié)省時間。原題呈現(xiàn)(2017·全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀A)PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind，butwhataboutyourbody?Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.◆RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962，PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry－basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.Trainscienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Inspirescientificresearch.D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.答題流程[流程模式]第一步快速瀏覽題干，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞第二步根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定原文的信息源第三步對比選項與原文信息，確定答案[流程應(yīng)用]21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Step1：找關(guān)鍵詞題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為：souvenir和ScienceCenterStep2：定位原文查讀原文，定位到原文第一段。Step3：確定答案根據(jù)◆VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStore中的關(guān)鍵詞souvenir及“Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.”可知，這個商店位于Building3。故選____。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Step1：找關(guān)鍵詞題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為：PacificScienceCenter和schoolsStep2：定位原文查讀原文，定位到原文第四段。Step3：確定答案根據(jù)◆SupportPacificScienceCenter中的TodayPacificScienceCenter...bringsinquiry－basedscienceeducationtoclassrooms可知，太平洋科學(xué)中心把科學(xué)帶進(jìn)了教室。故選____。23.推理判斷題。Step1：找關(guān)鍵詞題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為：thelastpartStep2：定位原文根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文最后一段。Step3：確定答案根據(jù)最后一段的小標(biāo)題◆SupportPacificScienceCenter以及這一段的最后一句可知，最后一段的目的是讓人們給予太平洋科學(xué)中心更多的贊助和捐贈。故選____。自我驗證21.B22.D23.A對于記敘文、議論文等文體，運(yùn)用“文→題→文”法更合適。具體解題步驟為：第一步，先快速閱讀全文獲得整體印象→第二步，逐個瀏覽閱讀題目和選項，確定信息源→第三步，認(rèn)真閱讀文章相關(guān)信息源，比對選項，確定答案。原題呈現(xiàn)(2016年10月·浙江高考·閱讀C)Digitaltechnology—emailandsmartphonesespecially—havevastlyimprovedworkers’abilitytobeproductiveoutsideofatraditionaloffice.Evenso，mostwhite－collarworkstillhappensinanoffice.Onereasonisthat，accordingtofindingsofanewsurvey(調(diào)查)ofofficeworkersconductedbyWakefieldResearchfortheITcompanyCitrix，mostbossesaredoubtfulaboutremoteworking.Halfoftheworkerssaytheirbossdoesn’tacceptitandonly35percentsayit’stolerated.Skepticalbosseswilllikelyhavetheirdoubtsreinforced(加深)bythesamesurvey，whichshowsthat43percentofworkerssaythey’vewatchedTVoramoviewhile“working”remotely，while35percenthavedonehousework，and28percenthavecookeddinner.Itistrue，however，thatworkingathomemakespeoplemuchmoreefficient(高效的),becauseitallowsworkerstotakecareofannoyinghouseworkwhilestillgettingtheirjobsdone.It’smuchfaster，forexample，toshopforgroceriesataquartertothreethantostandinlineduringtheafter－workrush.Thefactthatsuchpracticesremainofficiallyunacceptedreflectshowfarwehaven’tcomeasasocietyfromthedayswhenweexpectedeveryfull－timeworkertobesupportedbyafull－timehomemaker.MorebroadlytheWakefieldsurveysuggeststhatemployersmaybemissingalow－costwaytogiveworkerssomethingofvalue.Sixty－fourpercentofthosesurveyparticipantswhohaven’tworkedremotelywouldrathergiveupsomebonusinordertogetevenonedayaweekworkingfromhome.Undersuchcircumstances，smartfirmsneedtofindwaystolettheiremployeeshaveenoughflexibilitytomanagetheirtimeefficiently.28.Whydosomeemployershesitatetoallowremoteworking?A.Theyfearlosingcontroloftheirworkers.B.Theywanttosticktotheirroutinepractice.C.Theyhavelittletrustinmoderntechnology.D.Theyareusedtoface－to－facecommunication.29.Whatseemstobemostworkers’attitudetowardremoteworking?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Reserved.D.Disapproving.30.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsmartfirmsdo?A.Shortentheirofficehours.B.Giveemployeesapayraise.C.Adoptflexibleworkpatterns.D.Reducetheirstaff’sworkload.答題流程[流程模式]第一步快速瀏覽，把握大意。第二步逐個瀏覽閱讀題目和選項，確定信息源。第三步根據(jù)信息源中的關(guān)鍵詞，剖析邏輯；確定答案。[流程應(yīng)用]第一步把握大意本文文章大意：本文是一篇議論文，對于遠(yuǎn)程辦公，大部分老板持懷疑態(tài)度，因為他們認(rèn)為員工會在家做與工作無關(guān)的事情。大部分員工持支持態(tài)度，因為這樣可以兼顧工作與家務(wù)，提高自身效率，作者則認(rèn)為公司應(yīng)采取靈活的辦公模式。第二步鎖定信息源第三步確定答案28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的mostbossesaredoubtfulaboutremoteworking以及第二段可知，一些老板不愿意讓員工遠(yuǎn)程辦公是因為他們對此事持懷疑態(tài)度，認(rèn)為員工會做一些與工作無關(guān)的事情，掌控不了員工。故選____。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Sixty－fourpercentofthosesurveyparticipantswhohaven’tworkedremotelywouldrathergiveupsomebonusinordertogetevenonedayaweekworkingfromhome.可知，調(diào)查顯示：從未遠(yuǎn)程辦公的被調(diào)查者中有64%的人為了能每周有一天在家辦公寧愿放棄一些獎金，由此可以推斷出大部分人是支持在家辦公的。故選____。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的smartfirmsneedtofindwaystolettheiremployeeshaveenoughflexibilitytomanagetheirtimeefficiently可知，作者建議公司采取靈活的辦公模式。故選______。自我驗證28.A29.B30.C課時規(guī)范訓(xùn)練(一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017·黑龍江大慶模擬)ItisreallyahappythingtolookbackonthedaysIspentwithJennie.Wemetinnightschool.AfterJennieandIhadcompletedtherequiredcourses,westartedteachinginthesameschool.Foratimewewerejustcasualfriends,butoneday,whenIwastellingJennieaboutmyproblemson,wediscoveredwewerekindred(同類的)spirits."He'sadifficultlittlecharacter，"Iexplained.Jennielookedthoughtful."Maybeyou'reonlyseeinghimwithyoureyes."Shewassilentforamomentandthenaddedsoftly，"Itisonlywiththeheartthatonecanseerightly."Istaredather."You'requoting(引用)that!It'sfromTheLittlePrince,AntoinedeSaintExupery'sbookforchildren,oneofmyfavorites.Youknowit,too？"Jennienodded."Iloveit.I'vereaditsooften.I'vepracticallymemorizedit."Now,whenIthinkofJennie,IrecallthatbookbecauseJennie—morethananyoneIknow—possessedthegiftofseeingwiththeheart.Fromthatmomentofatreasuredbookshared,ourfriendshipgrewsteadily.Itwasn'tthatIdidn'thaveanexcellentrelationshipwithmyhusbandandson,butmymotherhaddiedshortlyaftermymarriage,andIhadneithersistersnordaughters.Irealize,now，howIneededsomeonetosharethoselittle,seeminglyunimportantthingsthataddsomuchtolife—thingsthatmustbesharedtobefullyappreciated.AnditwasJenniewhohelpedmewithmyfourthgradeproblemchild.One_day_I_was_at_my_wit's_end."Whatheneedsisagoodbeating！"Ishouted."He'sprobablyhadplentyofthose，"Jenniesaid."Maybehejustneedssincerepraiseforanythinghedoesright,andahugortwoeachday."Ifollowedthissuggestion,andeventually,becauseofJennie,Idiscoveredalovablelittleboy.Lookingback,Ihavetoadmitthatshetaughtmesomuch.ThedaysIspentwithherhavebecomeoneofmyhappiestmemories.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninthefourthparagraph?A．Iwasunsureofhowtodealwithmyson.B．Idecidedtogiveupmyjob.C．Ifacedfinancialdifficulties.D．Iwasverydisappointedwithmyself.2．HowdidtheauthorandJennie'sfriendshipstarttogrow?A．Theybothwereinterestedinchildren'seducation.B．Theybothlikedanovel,TheLittlePrince.C．Theyoftenchattedtogetherabouttheirhobbies.D．Theybothstudiedinthesameschool.3．Welearnfromthetextthat________.A．theauthorhasthegiftofseeingwiththeheartB．theauthorhadmanysistersbeforemeetingJennieC．theauthorhadlosthermotherbeforehermarriageD．theauthorseldompraisedhersoninthepast4．Thetextismainlyabout________.A．howtocontrolchildrenproperlyB．thefactthatweshouldseenaturedifferentlyC．theinfluenceoffriendshipinlifeD．howfriendshipbeginsanddisappears【語篇導(dǎo)讀】文章講述作者和珍妮因為《小王子》這本書而成為朋友，從此珍妮對作者的生活有了很大的影響。1．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線句后面的內(nèi)容可知，畫線處是說作者不確定怎么處理兒子的問題。故選A項。2．解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Fromthatmomentofatreasuredbookshared，ourfriendshipgrewsteadily.可知，作者和珍妮的友誼是源于她們都喜歡小說《小王子》。故選B項。3．解析：選D。推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段的Maybehejustneedssincerepraiseforanythinghedoesright，andahugortwoeachday.可推知，作者以前很少表揚(yáng)兒子。故選D項。4．解析：選C。主旨大意題。從文章最后一段Lookingback，Ihavetoadmitthatshetaughtmesomuch.ThedaysIspentwithherhavebecomeoneofmyhappiestmemories.可知，這篇文章講的是友誼對生活的影響。B(2016·高考全國甲卷)Fiveyearsago，whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle，IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent，andsaid："MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek."Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare，"ButI'mjustnotcreative.""Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep？""Oh，sure.""Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams."Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads."That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou？""Nobody.Idoit.""Really—atnight，whenyou'reasleep？""Sure.""Trydoingitinthedaytime，inclass，okay？"5．TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto________.A．knowmoreaboutthestudentsB．makethelessonsmoreexcitingC．raisethestudents'interestinartD．teachthestudentsabouttoydesign6．WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A．Helikedtohelphisteacher.B．Hepreferredtostudyalone.C．Hewasactiveinclass.D．Hewasimaginative.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"downside"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Mistake.B．Drawback.C．Difficulty.D．Burden.8．Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A．Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B．Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C．Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D．Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作為一名教師，作者用一種玩具培養(yǎng)孩子們的創(chuàng)造性和動手能力，其中一個孩子的創(chuàng)造性引起了作者的注意。5．解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從題干的inorderto判斷，本題詢問作者在課堂使用這種玩具的目的，第一段提到asatest...tofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents，由此可知作者的目的是更多地了解自己的學(xué)生，因此選A項。B項"讓課程更激動人心"，C項"提高學(xué)生們對藝術(shù)的興趣"，D項"教學(xué)生玩具設(shè)計"，均不是作者的目的。6．解析：選D。推理判斷題。第三段作者描述這個學(xué)生，說他特別有創(chuàng)造性(wasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork)，因此選D項。imaginative有想象力的。作者在該段說他的創(chuàng)造力能夠感染班上其他學(xué)生，這讓作者意外地有了一個教學(xué)幫手，沒有說他喜歡幫助老師(A項錯)，文章沒有提到他更喜歡獨自一個人學(xué)習(xí)(B項錯)，也沒有提到他在課堂上非?；钴S(C項錯)。7．解析：選B。詞義猜測題。前文提到作者很喜愛這個學(xué)生，說這個學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性能夠感染其他學(xué)生，下文說"冒著失去那些有不同的思考風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險"，根據(jù)語境前后的對比判斷，downside的含義應(yīng)該是drawback"不利條件，缺點"，而不是mistake"錯誤"，difficulty"困難"，burden"負(fù)擔(dān)"。8．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可知本題考查的是文章后半部分對話的信息。作者鼓勵學(xué)生講述他們最有趣的夢，然后鼓勵學(xué)生說，"白天在課堂上也試一試做夢，好嗎？"由此推斷，作者讓學(xué)生講述他們的夢，是為了幫助學(xué)生看到自己的創(chuàng)造性，因此選A項。B項"為了弄清楚他們的睡眠習(xí)慣"，C項"為了幫助他們提高記憶力"，D項"為了弄清楚他們的思維方式"，均不是作者的目的。C(2017·北京東城聯(lián)考)IreallylovemyjobbecauseIenjoyworkingwithsmallchildrenandlikethechallengesandawardsfromthejob.Ialsothinkmyworkisimportant.TherewasatimewhenIthoughtIwouldneverhavethatsortofcareer(職業(yè))．Iwasn'tanexcellentstudentbecauseIdidn'tdomuchschoolwork.InmyfinaltermIstartedthinkingwhatImightdoandfoundIdidn'thavemuchtooffer.IjustacceptedthatIwasn'tthetypetohaveacareer.Ithenfoundmyselfajob,lookingaftertwolittlegirls.Itwasn'ttoobadatfirst.ButtheproblemsbeganwhenIagreedtolivein,sothatIwouldbethereifmybosshadtogooutforbusinessintheevening.WeagreedthatifIhadtoworkextrahoursoneweek，she'dgivemetimeoffthenext.Butunfortunately,itdidn'toftenworkout.Iwasgettingextremelytiredandfedup,becauseIhadtoomanylatenightsandearlymorningswiththechildren.OneSunday,Iwasintheparkwiththechildren,andmetMeganwhousedtogotoschoolwithme.Itoldheraboutmysituation.ShesuggestedthatIshoulddoacourseandgetaqualification(資格證書)ifIwantedtoworkwithchildren.Ididn'tthinkIwouldbeacceptedbecauseIdidn'ttakemanyexamsinschool.Shepersuadedmetophonethelocalcollegeandtheywerereallyhelpful.MyexperiencecountedforalotandIgotonaparttimecourse.Ihadtoleavemyjobwiththefamily，andgotworkhelpingoutatakindergarten.NowI'vegotafulltimejobthere.IshallalwaysbethankfultoMegan.IwishIhadknownearlierthatyoucouldhaveacareer，evenifyouaren'ttopoftheclassatschool.9．Whatistheauthor'spresentjob?A．Workingparttimeinacollege.B．Takingcareofchildrenforafamily.C．Helpingchildrenwiththeirschoolwork.D．Lookingafterchildrenatakindergarten.10．Whenstayingwiththetwogirls'family,theauthor________.A．waspaidforextraworkB．oftenworkedlonghoursC．gotmuchhelpfromherbossD．tookadayoffeveryotherweek11．Whydidtheauthorleaveherfirstjob?A．Shefoundafulltimejob.B．Shewasfedupwithchildren.C．Shedecidedtoattendaparttimecourse.D．Sheneededarestafterworkingextrahours.12．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromherownexperiences?A．Lesssuccessfulstudentscanstillhaveacareer.B．Qualificationsarenecessaryforacareer.C．Hardworkmakesanexcellentstudent.D．Onemustchoosethejobshelikes.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】作者上學(xué)時成績并不好，從事的第一份工作是照看小孩，后來經(jīng)過朋友的介紹，作者參加課程學(xué)習(xí)，拿到了照顧小孩的資格證書，從而得到了一份全職工作。9．解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ihadtoleavemyjobwiththefamily，andgotworkhelpingoutatakindergarten.以及最后一段第一句NowI'vegotafulltimejobthere.可知，作者目前是在幼兒園工作。故選D項。10．解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的．..becauseIhadtoomanylatenightsandearlymorningswiththechildren.可知，作者每天工作時間都很長。故選B項。11．解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的．..Igotonaparttimecourse.Ihadtoleavemyjobwiththefamily...可知，作者參加了一項業(yè)余的課程，所以必須要辭去照看小孩的工作。故選C項。12．解析：選A。推理判斷題。本文主要談?wù)摿俗髡邔W(xué)生時代學(xué)習(xí)不努力，成績不好，但畢業(yè)后通過自己的努力和學(xué)習(xí)也找到了一份不錯的全職工作。由作者的個人經(jīng)歷可知，即使學(xué)生時代不是很優(yōu)秀，但通過努力仍然可以取得成功。故選A項。D(2017·甘肅蘭州高三診斷)Yourkidslearnalotfromtheirfriends—thingsyoucan'tteachthem,nomatterhowmuchyouwantto.Probablythemostimportantthingkidslearnishowtohavepeerrelationships.Asaparent,youcan'tdothis,becauseyouandyourchildaren'tequals.Forexample,whenyou'resittingonyourfamilyroomfloorandyourveryyoungchildasksyoutopasshimtheblocks,youprobablyhandthemrightover.Ifyourchildissittingwithapeerandasksthesamething,though,hemightnotgetwhathewants.Tosucceed,yourchildwillneedtolearnstrategiesforgettingwhathewants.Forexample,hemightsimplyyank(猛拉)thetoyoutofhisfriend'shand.Ifhedoesthat,hemaylearnthatit'snotthebestwayofgettingwhathewantsbecauseitleadstofightingandtimeouts.Thesuccessfulchildwilllearnthatheneedstonegotiateatrade,towaitpatiently,ortofindsomethingelseequallyfuntoplaywith.Friendsalsoprovideemotionalsupport,somethingthatispartofthefoundationofhealthyadulthood.Youcan'tbewithyourchildontheelementaryschoolplaygroundoratthehighschooldance.Yourchild'sfriendswillbetheonestostick_up_forher,toincludeheringames,andlater,totellhershelooksgreatevenifherlousyprom(糟糕的舞會)datewandersoffinsteadofdancingwithher.Friendsalsohelpyourchildrenlearn.Friendssolveproblemstogether,imitateeachother,andpassonknowledge.Someexpertsbelievethatthesinglebiggestpredictorofyourchild'ssuccesslaterinlifeisherabilitytomakefriends.Infact,theyclaimit'sevenmoreimportanttha