高考英語二輪復習外刊閱讀訓練：水泥森林

高考英語二輪復習外刊閱讀訓練水泥

森林 改編自TheroarofmountainlionsmixeswiththeroaroftrafficLosAngelesisknownforitsbusyhighways,butitisalsohometomountainlionslivingintheSantaMonicaMountains,whicharevitaltomaintainingahealthyecosystem.Thepopulationoftheseapexpredatorsisstable,andtheirhabitatismostlypristinewilderness.However,theirexistenceisthreatenedbyhabitatfragmentationcausedbyRoute101,ahighwaycuttingthroughthemountains,effectivelyseparatingthelionsfromalargerwildernesstothenorth.Asaresult,geneticdegradationandinbreedinghavebecomesevereproblemsleadingtoincreasedchancesofextinction.Astudyconductedin2016showedthattherewasbetweena15-22%chanceofextinctionin50yearsduetoenvironmentalfactors.Still,themoresignificantconcernwasgeneticdeterioration,leadingtoa99.7%chanceofextinction.TheimportanceofgeneticdiversitypromptedCalifornianstotakeactionandcreateanoverpassbridgespanning165feet(50metres)wideoverRoute101,allowingmountainlionstopassoversafely.Similarcorridorshaveworkedelsewhere,suchastheelkoverpassesovertheTrans-CanadaHighwayandbridgesforredcrabsonChristmasIsland.Throughcampaigningandfundraisingefforts,thegovernorlaunchedconstructionofthecorridor.Mountainlionsbecomesexuallymatureattwoandahalftothreeyearsandhavecubseveryotheryear.Withintenyearsofcompletion,theoffspringofthefirstmatingbeyondthemountainscouldhavecubs,makingadifferencegenetically.Expertsbelievethatthissolutionwillhelpsustainthemountainlionpopulation,ultimatelysavingthemfromextinction.【重點詞匯】LosAngeles/las'aend39li：z/n.洛杉磯highways/'haiweiz/n.高速公路mountainlions/'mauntin'laisnz/n.〃山獅〃,即美洲獅SantaMonicaMountains/'saentsmoniks'maontsnz/n.圣莫尼卡山脈vital/'vaitl/adj.必不可少的；極其重要的maintaining/mein'teinirj/v.維持，保持healthyecosystem/htlBiikaosistam/健康生態(tài)系統(tǒng)population/ipopjo'leijbn/n.種群;人口apexpredators/'eipsks'predstsrz/n.食物鏈頂端掠食者stable/'steibl/adj.穩(wěn)定的habitat/'haebitaet/n.棲息地pristinewilderness/'pristi^'wildsnis/n.原始里予生existence/ig'zistsns/n.存在threatened/'Qretsncl/v.威脅，使處于危險中habitatfragmentation/haebitaetifraegmen'teijsn/棲息地分割Route101/ru:twafi'sowapi/n.美國101號公路highway/'haiwei/n.公路;高速公路effectively/I'fektivli/adv.有效地separating/'sepsreitirj/v.分離，隔開largerwilderness/h:d3a'wildsnss/更大的荒野geneticdegradation/diigraed'ei^n/遺傳退化inbreeding/'inibri:dio/n.近親繁殖problems/'prablsmz/n.問題；困難increasedchances/in'krist'tjaensiz/增加概率extinction/ik'stirjkjsn/n.滅絕study/'stAdi/n.研究environmentalfactors/iriivairsn'mentl'faektsz/環(huán)境因素concern/kQn'sairn/n.關(guān)注;擔憂geneticdeterioration/diitirio'reijbn/遺傳惡化takeaction/teik〔aek/n/執(zhí)行行動overpassbridge/'oovsrpaesbrids/立交橋spanning/'spaemrj/v.跨越safely/'seifli/adv.安全地corridors/'ko：rsdo：rz/n.走廊;通道elkoverpasses/elkluvapocsiz/麋鹿立交橋Trans-CanadaHighway/traenz-ks'naeds'haiwei/力口拿大橫貫公路bridges/'bridsiz/n.橋梁redcrabs/redkraebz/紅蟹campaigning/kaem'peimrj/v.競選;宣傳fundraisingefforts/'fAndreizirj'forts/籌款努力governor/igAvanar7n.州長construction/ksn'strAkJbn/n.建設【閱讀理解練習題】WhatisthemainthreattothemountainlionpopulationintheSantaMonicaMountains?LackofpreyCompetitionfromotherpredatorsHabitatfragmentationcausedbyahighwayDiseaseoutbreaksAnswer:C中文解析：SanteMonica山脈中美洲獅的主要威脅是一條切穿山脈的公路，導致棲息地被分割。Whatenvironmentalproblemiscausedbygeneticdegradationandinbreeding?IncreasedpredationHighercompetitionforresourcesReducedgeneticdiversityOverpopulationAnswer:C中文解析:基因退化和近親繁殖帶來的一個環(huán)境問題是降低了基因多樣性。Whatwasthechanceofextinctionduetoenvironmentalfactorsin50yearsaccordingtothe2016study?15-22%50-75%80-90%D.99.7%Answer:A中文解析：2016年的研究顯示,由于環(huán)境因素，在50年內(nèi)滅絕的可能性在15-22%之間。WhatsolutiondidCalifornianscreatetoaddresstheissueofhabitatfragmentationforthemountainlions?BuildinganoverpassbridgeoverthehighwayRemovingRoute101fromthemountainsCreatingmorehousingdevelopmentsintheareaRelocatingthemountainlionpopulationtoanotherlocationAnswer:A中文解析:加利福尼亞人為解決山獅的棲息地分裂問題創(chuàng)造的解決方案是在公路上建造一座過街天橋。Whatisthepurposeoftheelkoverpassesandredcrabbridgesmentionedinthearticle?ToprovidebetterviewsofwildlifeTomakethehighwaysmoreaestheticallypleasingTokeepanimalsfromcrossingthehighwayTosafelyconnectfragmentedhabitatsAnswer:D中文解析:文章提到的麋鹿天橋和圣誕島上蟹子的天橋的目的是為了安全地連接分裂的棲息地。Atwhatagedomountainlionsbecomesexuallymature?OneandahalftotwoyearsTwoandahalftothreeyearsFourtofiveyearsSixtosevenyearsAnswer:B中文解析:美洲獅在兩歲半到三歲左右會變得性成熟并每隔一年生育幼崽。Howoftendomountainlionfemaleshavecubs?EveryyearEveryotheryearEverythreeyearsEveryfouryearsAnswer:B中文解析：美洲獅雌性每隔一年會生育幼崽。Whatdoexpertsbelievebuildingthecorridorwillultimatelyachieveforthemountainlionpopulation?LowergeneticdiversityIncreasedhabitatfragmentationImprovementsinhuntingsuccessProtectionagainstextinctionAnswer:D中文解析：專家認為修建走廊最終將保護山獅免于滅絕?！救闹鹁鋵φ辗g】洛杉磯以其繁忙的高速公路而聞名，但它也是生活在圣莫尼卡山脈的美洲獅的家園，它們對維持健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要。LosAngelesisknownforitsbusyhighways,butitisalsohometomountainlionslivingintheSantaMonicaMountains,whicharevitaltomaintainingahealthyecosystem.這些頂級食肉動物的數(shù)量是穩(wěn)定的，它們的棲息地大多是原始的荒野。Thepopulationoftheseapexpredatorsisstable,andtheirhabitatismostlypristinewilderness.然而，它們的生存受到101號公路造成的棲息地破碎的威脅，這條公路穿過山脈，有效地將獅子與北部更大的荒野分開。However,theirexistenceisthreatenedbyhabitatfragmentationcausedbyRoute101,ahighwaycuttingthroughthemountains,effectivelyseparatingthelionsfromalargerwildernesstothenorth.因此，遺傳退化和近親繁殖已經(jīng)成為嚴重的問題，導致滅絕的可能性增加。Asaresult,geneticdegradationandinbreedinghavebecomesevereproblemsleadingtoincreasedchancesofextinction.2016年進行的一項研究表明，由于環(huán)境因素，50年內(nèi)滅絕的可能性在15-22%之間。Astudyconductedin2016showedthattherewasbetweena15-22%chanceofextinctionin50yearsduetoenvironmentalfactors.然而，更令人擔憂的是基因退化，導致99.7%的滅絕幾率。Still,themoresignificantconcernwasgeneticdeterioration,leadingtoa99.7%chanceofextinction.基因多樣性的重要性促使加州人采取行動，在101號公路上建造了一座165英尺(50米)寬的立交橋，讓美洲獅安全地通過。TheimportanceofgeneticdiversitypromptedCalifornianstotakeactionandcreateanoverpassbridgespanning165feet(50metres)wideoverRoute101,allowingmountainlionstopassoversafely.類似的走廊在其他地方也奏效了，比如加拿大橫斷公路上的麋鹿立交橋和圣誕島上的紅蟹橋。Si