英語專四閱讀訓(xùn)練2

閱讀技巧及應(yīng)試策略

第一節(jié)常用閱讀技巧及運用范例

閱讀理解是一個復(fù)雜的感知和理解語言的過程，但這并不意味著其無章可循。心理學(xué)、心

理語言學(xué)、認(rèn)知科學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究結(jié)果表明，理解的過程實際上就是我們將新信息與大腦中已

有的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)相互匹配、相互作用的過程(被稱為“解碼”)。閱讀者將新信息與已知信息建立

聯(lián)系，進行判斷、猜測、思考，最終達到理解的目的。閱讀者對相關(guān)的知識和經(jīng)驗掌握得越多，

理解起來就會變得越輕松。因此，閱讀的過程實際上是一個形式上由細(xì)節(jié)到把握總體思想，內(nèi)

容上由總體思想指導(dǎo)理解細(xì)節(jié)的雙向并行的處理過程，兩者缺一不可。與之相對應(yīng)的閱讀常用

技巧與步驟即可分為瀏覽試題、略讀(skimming)、掃讀(scanning)以及回查等幾種，下面分別

加以介紹。

一、瀏覽試題以明確目標(biāo)

在進行閱讀之前，首先瀏覽短文后面的試題。在看完SectionA選擇題的題干和四個選項

以及SectionB簡答題的題干后，分析掌握每個試題考查的內(nèi)容和題型(推理題、細(xì)節(jié)題、主

旨題等)，以便帶著問題有目標(biāo)地閱讀短文，根據(jù)相應(yīng)的解題技巧從中尋找正確答案，例如下

面這道真題：

85.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.Publicspeakingindailylife

context.

C.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.

通過瀏覽此題，可以明顯看出此題屬于主旨題，需要考生重點關(guān)注短文的前幾段中對主題

的描述與說明，從而把握作者通篇所表達的觀點和所持的態(tài)度。

ThearlofpublicspeakingbeganiaancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,

twitter,instantmessaging,e一mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachesto

communication-butconec】criplacethenolcnfagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordernhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,

informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomething

oracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideUSovertheupsanddowns

ofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.When

theleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivists

encouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmatters

thatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechesto

preparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.The

informationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinteresting

way.WhentheHlN1pandemic（流行病）wasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”（豬

流感）scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganization

officialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensible

precautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetotheloss

ofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonnay

sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewill

continuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.It

canalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou'retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthe

soundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓

舞士氣的講話）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodo

apresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvital

importance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumight

beaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyour

languagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworks

hardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucan

puttogooduse.Tolearnthoserolesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsome

outstandingspeechesinthepast.

解題點撥：

在第一、二段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介紹publicspeaking的重要作用：Persuasion

isusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview；Inspirationalspeeches

confronttheemotions；Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcan

informus；Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeech***；Itcanalsobe

surprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.由此可知,C能夠概括全文主旨，

故為正確答案。

二、通過略讀(skimming)全文以掌握主旨

略讀(skimming)又稱“跳讀”(readingandskipping)或“瀏覽"(glancing),是一種專

門的、非常實用的快速閱讀方法，其主要特征是有選擇性地閱讀，其目的有二：一是以盡可能

快的速度獲取文章主旨大意或中心思想；二是辨識文體，掌握結(jié)構(gòu)(如果是記敘文，就要了解

故事發(fā)生的時間、地點、背景和人物活動等主要線索；如果是論述文，就要弄清文章的中心論

點及論述內(nèi)容)。換句話說，略讀要求讀者有選擇性地進行閱讀，跳過某些細(xì)節(jié)，以抓住文章

的大意，從而加快閱讀速度。其具體做法如下：

(1)利用印刷細(xì)節(jié)，如文章的標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題、斜體詞、黑體詞、標(biāo)點符號等，對

文章進行預(yù)測，從而了解作者的思路、行文模式，以便把握住主旨、有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)及其相互間的

關(guān)系。

(2)重點關(guān)注文章開頭，力求抓住文章大意、文章背景、作者的寫作風(fēng)格、口吻或語氣等。

(3)閱讀段落的主題句和結(jié)論句。抓住主題句，略去細(xì)節(jié)不讀，以求提高速度二段落過長時

可適當(dāng)閱讀其中某一到兩行，以強化理解。

(4)注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞和序列詞等起銜接作用的標(biāo)志詞。

下面以一篇英語閱讀短文為例來說明略讀的妙用：以下文章只需閱讀畫線的部分即可，

其余細(xì)節(jié)可略去不讀。

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelieved

thatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluence

overtheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,woodorbad,comesinthree:ifan

accidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectsoonafterwards.Thearrival

ofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthree

cigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeed

fallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedto

thelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17"

centuryandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesame

timewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butnever

justthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabrineerofgoodluck.

Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplants;

studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.

Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahorsewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthree

timesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAnglo-Saxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7li,and9C1ofaman'slife.

Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughttobeavery

periloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripe

oldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13people

atChrist'sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficultto

understandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoderntimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.

Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,and

noroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheir

housenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13"ofthemonthisnotregardedwithany

fearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

解題點撥：

通過略讀各段的主題句可知，本文主要講訴數(shù)字與迷信。全文為“總-分-總"結(jié)構(gòu)，第

一段指出中心議題“數(shù)字被賦予了迷信的含義”，下文各段舉例說明一些數(shù)字的迷信含義，最

后一段表明作者的態(tài)度。文章后的題目為：

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainly

bringgoodlucktopeople?

A.3and7B.3and9C.7and9D.3and13

解析：選析通過略讀第五、六段的開頭句Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usually

regardedasabringerofgoodluck.和Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber...

便可得出正確答案為C。

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

A.legendB.religionC.popularbeliefD.certaincustoms

解析：選Bo通過略讀第八段的Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweand

fear.和第九段的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere

13peopleatChrist'sLastSupper.便可得知B為正確答案。

3.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardspeoplessuperstitiousbeliefs?

A.Heismildlycritical.B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

解析：選A。略讀全文最后一段Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthis

notregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinour

superstitiousbeliefs.即可知，作者的態(tài)度為A。

三、通過掃讀(scanning)定位以獲取特定、關(guān)鍵信息

掃讀(scanning)又稱“尋讀”或“查讀”，同略讀一樣是一種快速閱讀技巧。它是一種

從大量的資料中迅速查找某一個具體事實或某一個特定信息，如人物、事件、地點、數(shù)字等，

而對其他不相關(guān)內(nèi)容略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。運用這種方法，讀者就能在最短的時間內(nèi)略過

盡可能多的閱讀材料，找到所需要的信息。這種方法一般可應(yīng)用于事實3細(xì)節(jié)題的查找中。

作為一種快速尋找信息的閱讀技巧，掃讀既要求速度，又要求準(zhǔn)確。具體地說，掃讀帶有

明確的目的性，有針對性地選擇問題的答案。因此，可以把整段的文字直接映入大腦中，不必

逐字逐句過目。視線在閱讀材料上掠過時，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，就要稍作停留，將它記住或

摘錄下來，從而既保證掃讀的速度，又做到準(zhǔn)確無誤。掃讀與略讀不同。略讀時，讀者事先對

材料一無所知；而掃讀則是讀者在略讀之后，根據(jù)已知的文章大意與結(jié)構(gòu)，按照題目要求確定

所需特定、關(guān)鍵信息的位置，從而找到正確答案。例如，英語專業(yè)四級考試中曾出現(xiàn)過這樣一

道題：

Accordingtothepassage,"???springcleaningisadifficultnotionformodern

familiestograsp”meansthatspringcleaning.

A.isnolongeraneasypracticetounderstand

B.isnolongerpartofmodernfamilylife

C.requiresmorefamilymemberstobeinvolved

D.callsformorecomplicatedskillsandknowledge

原文如下：

IknowwhenIknowwhenthesnowmeltsandthefirstrobins(知更鳥)cometocall,

whenthelaughterofchildrenreturnstotheparksandplaygrounds,somethingwonderful

isabouttohappen.

Springcleaning.

I'11admitspringcleaningisadifficultnotionformodernfamiliestograsp.

Today'sbusyfamilieshardlyhavetimetoloadthedishwasher,muchlesscleanthe

doormat.Askingthefamilytospendtheweekendcollectingwinterdogpilesfromthe

meltingsnowinthebackyardislikeannouncingtherewillbenomoreWi-Fi.It

interruptsthenaturalorder.

uHoney,whatsaywespendtheweekendbeatingtherugs,sortingthroughtheboxes

inthebasementandpaintingourbedroomanicelemonyyellow?”Isay.

“CanweatleastwaituntiltheNBAmatchesareover?”myhusbandanswers.

ButItellmyfamily,springcleaningcan,twait.Thetemperaturehasrisenjust

enoughtomeltsnowbutnotenoughforLittleLeaguepracticetostart.Someflowers

arepeekingoutofthethawingground,butthereisnolawntoseed,norgardento

tend.Newlywakenedfromourwinter?shibernation（冬眠），yetstillneedingextra

blanketsatnight,weopenourwindowstothefirstfreshairfloatingonthebreeze

andallofthenaturalworlddemanding“Awakeandbeclean!”

Biologistsofferatheoryaboutthisprimalimpulsetocleanouteverydrawer

andclosetinthehouseatspring'sfirstlight,whichhastodowithmelatonin,the

sleepytimehormone（激素）ourbodiesproducewhenit'sdark.Whenspring'slight

comes,themelatonindiminishes,andsuddenlyweareawakenedtothedusty,

virus-filledhousewe'vebeenhibernatinginforfourmonths.

Itellmyfamilyaboutthescienceandpsychologyofagoodhealthycleaningat

spring,sarrival.Ispeaktothemaboutlife,sgreatestrewardswaitingintheremoval

ofsoapscumfrom

thebathtub,whichhasn'tbeenproperlycleanedsincethefirstsnowfall.

’T11doit,"saystheeldestchild,a21-year-oldcollegestudentwholives

athome.

“Youwill?Wow!”Iexclaim.

Maybeafteralltheseyears,he'sfinallygraspedtheconcept.Maybehe's

expressinghisrightfulpositionaseldestchildandrolemodel.Ormaybehe'sgoing

toFloridaforabreakinacoupleofweeksandhe'sbeingnicetomewhoisthe

financial-aidofficer.

Nomatter.Seeingmyadultsonwillinglycleaningthatdirtybathtubgivesmehope

forthefutureofhis12-year-oldbrotherwho,insteadofworking,isfoundtobe

sleepingintheseatofthewindowheissupposedtobecleaning.

aAwakeandbeclean!”Isay.

解題點撥：

在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，考生通過掃讀可知，本文主要談?wù)摤F(xiàn)代家庭對待春季大掃除的態(tài)度

以及作者自己家一次大掃除的過程。掃讀后可將題干中的“springcleaningisa

difficultnotionformodernfamiliestograsp”定位到文章第三段第一句，然后再細(xì)讀

后面的句子Today'sbusyfamilieshardlyhavetimetoloadthedishwasher,muchless

cleanthedoormat.Askingthefamilytospendtheweekendcollectingwinterdogpiles

fromthemeltingsnowinthebackyardislikeannouncingtherewillbenomoreWi-Fi.

可以看出，這里是說人們不理解為什么要進行春季大掃除，故A為正確答案。

四、回查難點以確保無誤

“回查”是指考生在時間允許的情況下，對于把握不大或較難的試題（如概括歸納題、作

者意圖題等），將所給出的選項與原文中對應(yīng)的部分進行仔細(xì)比較、反復(fù)推敲，從而得出結(jié)論。

考生要盡量避免主觀臆斷，要在文中有關(guān)段落找到支撐的論據(jù)，以確保答案準(zhǔn)確無誤。

五、克服不良閱讀習(xí)慣

除了上文提到的閱讀技巧外，絕大多數(shù)考生在閱讀速度方面還必須努力克服以下不良閱讀

習(xí)慣，從而達到加快閱讀速度、提高理解效率的最終目的。

1.“指讀”。用手指或筆尖指著文章逐詞閱讀以期“集中注意力”。一旦遇到生詞便停

頓下來，便無法在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)進行閱讀理解。

2.“唇讀”。出聲地閱讀，或即使不出聲嘴唇也在動，大腦中仍在“讀”，無形中降低

大腦的思考速度。

3.“回讀”。在閱讀中遇到生詞或不熟悉的短語時，返回句首甚至段首重讀。

4.“譯讀”。在閱讀過程中，進行逐詞逐句的翻譯，通過譯成母語來輔助理解。

六、樣題示例

下面以最新考綱樣題中的兩篇閱讀樣題為例，進一步說明上述閱讀方法。

先來看下最新考綱樣題中的第二篇閱讀文章：

SectionA:

PassageTwo

Iwasasecond-yearmedicalstudentattheuniversity,andwasonmysecondday

ofroundsatanearbyhospital.Myuniversity?sphilosophywastogetstudentsseeing

patientsearlyintheireducation.Niceidea,butitoverlookedonedetai1:second-year

studentsknownexttonothingaboutmedicine.

Assignedtomyteamthatdaywasanattending-aseniorfacultymemberwhowas

theremostlytomakepatientsfeeltheyweren'tinthehandsofamateurs.Many

attendingswereresearcherswhodidn,thavemuchrecenthospitalexperience.Mine

wasactuallyanarthritisspecialist.Alsoalongwasaresident（therealboss,with

astaggeringmasteryofmedicine,atleasttoarookielikemyself）.Inaddition,there

weretwointerns（住院實習(xí)醫(yī)生）.TheseguyswerejustasgreenasIwas,butinascarier

way:theyhadrecentlygraduatedfromthemedicalschool,sotheyweretechnically

MDs.

Ibeganthedayat6:30am.AninternandIdidaquickcheckofoureightpatients;

later,weweretopresentourfindingstotheresidentandthentotheattending.I

hadthreepatientsandtheinternhadtheotherfive-pieceofcake.

ButwhenIarrivedintheroomof71-year-oldMr.Adams,hewassittingupin

bed,sweatingheavilyandpanting（喘氣）.He,djusthadahipoperationandlooked

terrible.Ilistenedtohislungswithmystethoscope,buttheysoundedclear.Next

Icheckedthelogofhisvitalsignsandsawthathisrespirationandheartratehad

beenclimbing,buthistemperaturewassteady.Itdidn,tseemlikeheartfailure,

nordiditappeartobepneumonia.SoIaskedMr.Adamswhathethoughtwasgoingon.

“It'sreallyhotinhere,Doc,"hereplied.

SoIattributedhisconditiontothestuffyroomandtoldhimtherestofthe

teamwouldreturninafewhours.Hesmiledandfeeblywavedgoodbye.

At8:40am.,duringourteammeeting,“CodeBlueRoom307!”blaredfromthe

loudspeaker.

Ifroze.

ThatwasMr.Adams'sroom.

Whenwearrived,hewasmotionless.

Theautopsy（尸體解剖）laterfoundMr.Adamshadsufferedamassivepulmonary

embolism（肺部栓塞）.Abloodclothadformedinhisleg,workeditswaytohislungs,

andcuthisbreathingcapacityinhalf.Hissymptomshadbeentextbook:heavy

perspirationandshortnessofbreathdespiteclearlungs.Theonlythingwas:Ihadn,

treadthatchapterinthetextbookyet.AndIwastooscared,insecure,andproud

toaskarealdoctorforhelp.

Thismistakehashauntedmefornearly30years,butwhat'sparticularly

frustratingisthatthesamemedicaleducationsystempersists.Whoknowshowmany

peoplehavediedorsufferedharmatthehandsofstudentsasnaiveasI,andhowmany

morewill?

第一步：略讀全文，掌握主旨大意。

本文作者主要對現(xiàn)行的醫(yī)療體制表示了擔(dān)憂，提出了批評。第一段簡要介紹了“我”到醫(yī)

院實習(xí)的基本情況。第二段介紹了醫(yī)院醫(yī)療小組醫(yī)生的真實實力，暗示了作者對這種狀況的擔(dān)

憂。第三段介紹了自己當(dāng)值的基本情況。第四至十段講述了自己經(jīng)歷的一個真實病例。第十一

段介紹了病人死亡的情況，并分析了自己的過失。最后一段總結(jié)全文，對現(xiàn)行的醫(yī)療教育體制

表示擔(dān)憂，并提出批評。

第二步：通過掃讀、回查等方法，仔細(xì)比較、辨別選項，尋找正確答案。

44.Welearnthattheauthor'steammembershad.

A.muchpracticalexperienceB.adequateknowledge

C.longbeenworkingthereD.Someprofessionaldeficiency

解析：選D。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞teammembers定位至第二段。該段第二句Manyattendingswere

researcherswhodidn,thavemuchrecenthospitalexperience.指出主治醫(yī)生實踐經(jīng)驗

方面的缺陷。該段最后^句又提至UTheseguyswerejustasgreenasIwas,butinascarier

way:theyhadrecentlygraduatedfromthemedicalschool,sotheyweretechnically

MDs.說明名義上已經(jīng)取得醫(yī)生頭銜的住院實習(xí)醫(yī)生，實際上名不符實，也存在知識上的缺陷，

可見，D是對原文意思的正確理解，故為答案。

45.“Hissymptomshadbeentextbookwmeansthathissymptomswere.

A.partofthetextbookB.nolongerinthetextbook

C.RecentlyincludedinthetextbookD.explainedinthetextbook

解析：選D。由題干定位至第H—段。該段第三句中的冒號后面指出heavyperspirationand

shortnessofbreathdespiteclearlungs,即大量出汗、呼吸困難但肺部清晰，這是教科

書對這種癥狀的記載，本段第二句則說明了這種癥狀的成因，而第四句提到Ihadn'treadthat

chapterinthetextbookyet,即“我”還沒有讀到教科書的這個章節(jié)。綜合看來，這種癥

狀背后的成因在教科書中有所解釋，作者之所以不知道，是因為他還沒有讀到此處，故D為正

確答案。

46.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorexpressesaboutthemedical

educationsystem.

A.optimismB.hesitationC.concernD.support

解析：選C。根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段。該段首句后半部分說what'sparticularlyisthat

thesamemedicaleducationsystempersists,即尤其令人失望的是同樣的醫(yī)療教育體制還

在延續(xù)，可見，作者并不贊同現(xiàn)行的醫(yī)學(xué)教育體制，故可排除A和D。而作者在該句中用了

frustrating一詞，又在最后一句提出疑問Whoknowshowmanypeoplehavediedor

sufferedharmatthehandsofstudentsasnaiveasI,andhowmanymorewill?即誰

知道又有多少人在像我這樣一個沒經(jīng)驗的學(xué)生手上喪命或受到傷害，將來還會有多少人遭此噩

運？可見，作者對這種體制的態(tài)度非常關(guān)注，甚至是擔(dān)憂，而非懷疑，因此C比B更準(zhǔn)確，

故為答案。

SectionB

PassageTwo

52.Whywastheauthordoingroundsinahospital?

答案：Itwaspartofhismedicaltraining.

解析：根據(jù)題干中的doingroundsinahospital定位至第一段。該段第二句說My

university'sphilosophywastogetstudentsseeingpatientsearlyintheireducation.

即我們大學(xué)的邏輯是在學(xué)生受教育期間盡早地見到病人。可見，作者參與醫(yī)院當(dāng)值是大學(xué)的統(tǒng)

一安排，因此，這應(yīng)該是作者大學(xué)醫(yī)科訓(xùn)練的一部分，故答案為Itwaspartofhismedical

trainingo

再來看下最新考綱樣題中的第四篇閱讀文章：

SectionA

PassageFour

AttachmentParentingisnotIndulgentParenting.Attachmentparentsdonot

“spoil”theirchildren.Spoilingisdonewhenachildisgiveneverythingthatthey

wantregardlessofwhattheyneedandregardlessofwhatispractical.Indulgent

parentsgivetoysfortantrums（發(fā)脾氣），icecreamforbreakfastAttachmentparents

don，tgivetheirchildreneverythingthattheywant,theygivetheirchildren

everythingthattheyneed.Attachmentparentsbelievethatloveandcomfortarefree

andnecessary.Notsweetsortoys.

AttachmentParentingisnotuafraidoftears”parenting.Ourkidscry.The

differenceisthatweunderstandthattantrumsandtearscomefromemotionsandnot

manipulation.Andourchildrenunderstandthistoo.Theycryandhavetantrums

sometimes,ofcourse.Buttheydothisbecausetheiremotionsaresooverwhelmingthat

theyneedtogetitoutTheydonotexpecttobe"rewarded"fortheirstrongnegative

emotions;theysimplyexpectthatwewilllisten.Wepickupourbabieswhentheycry,

andwerespondtothetearsofourolderchildrenbecausewebelievefirmlythatcomfort

isfree,loveisfree,andthatwhenachildhasneedforcomfortandlove,itisour

jobtoprovidethosethings.Wearenotafraidoftears.Wedon，tavoidthem.Wehold

ourchildrenthroughthemandteachthemthatwhentheyarehurtorfrustratedweare

heretocomfortthemandhelpthemworkthroughtheiremotions.

AttachmentParentsisnotClingyParenting.Idonotclingtomychildren.In

fact,rmprettyfree-range.Assoonastheycanmovetheyusuallymoveawayfromme

andletmesetupachaseastheycrawl,run,skipandhopontheirmerrywaytoexplore

theworld.Sure,Icarrythemandhugthemandchasethemandkissthemandrockthan

andsleepwiththem.Butthisisnotmefollowingthemeverywhereandpullingthem

backtome.Thisismebeingahomebase.The“attachment”comesfromtheirbeing

allowedtoattachtous,notfromusattachingtothanlikeparentalleeches.

AttachmentParentingisnotSelfishParenting.Itisalsonotselflessparenting.

Wearenotdoingitforus,andwearenotdoingittotormentourselves.

AttachmentparentingisnotHelicopterParenting.Idon，thover.Isupervise.

Ifollow,Iteach,Idemonstrate,Iexplain.Idon，tslapcurioushandsaway.Ishow

howtodothingssafely.Iletmychilddothethingsthatmychildwishestodo,first

withhelpandthenwithsupervisionandfinallywithtrust.Idon，tinsistthatmy

23montholdholdmyhandwhenwewalkonthesidewalkbecauseIknowIcanrecall

himwithmyvoicebecausehetrustsmetoallowhimtoexploreandhetrustsmeto

explainwhensomethingisdangerousandtohelphimsatisfyhiscuriositiessafely.

MostofthenegativethingsthatIhearabout^attachmentparents”arecompletely

off-baseanddescribesomethingthatisentirelyunlikeAttachmentParenting.

AttachmentParentingischild-centricandfocusesontheneedsofthechild.Children

needstructure,rules,andboundaries.AttachmentParentssimplybelievethatthe

childandtheparentareallies,notadversaries.Andthatchildrenaretaught,not

trained.

第一步：略讀全文，掌握主旨大意。

本文的主題是“親密育兒法”和“溺愛育兒法”進行對比，找出這兩種育兒法的差別。第

二段介紹了“親密育兒法”的特點。第三至第五段將“親密育兒法”和“粘人育兒法”“自私

育兒法”以及“直升機式育兒法”進行了對比。最后一段繼續(xù)總結(jié)“親密育兒法”的特點。

第二步：通過掃讀、回查等方法，仔細(xì)比較、辨別選項，尋找正確答案。

49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldparentsdowhentheirkidscry?

A.Providingcomfortandlove.B.Tryingtostopkidscrying.

C.Holdingthemtilltheystop.D.Rewardingkidswithtoys.

解析：選A。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞parents和Iheirkidscry定位至第二段。該段第八句提到：

Wepickupourbabieswhentheycry,andwerespondtothetearsofourolderchildren

becausewebelievefirmlythatcomfortisfree,loveisfree,andthatwhenachild

hasneedforcomfortandlove,itisourjobtoprovidethosethings.即當(dāng)孩子哭的

時候，他們需要的是安慰和愛，而作為父母有責(zé)任給孩子提供這些，可見A為正確答案。該段

倒數(shù)第二、三句提到：Wearenotafraidoftears.Wedon,tavoidthem.由此可知，當(dāng)

孩子哭泣時，家長不應(yīng)該害怕眼淚或阻止他們，由此可排除B和C；第一段最后一句提到：Not

sweetsortoys.由此可知，作者提倡的“親密育兒法”不提倡給孩子糖果和玩具，同時這與

孩子哭泣沒有關(guān)系，故排除D。

50.Whatdoes“free-range“meanaccordingtothepassage?

A.Fondofprovidingahomebase.B.Readytoplaygameswithmykids.

C.Curioustowatchwhatgamestheyplay.D.Willingtogivekidsfreedomof

movement.

解析：選D。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"free-range”定位至第三段。該段第三句提到：Infact,Tm

pretty接下來作者提至lj：Assoonastheycanmovetheyusuallymoveaway

frommeandletmesetupachaseastheycrawl,run,skipandhopontheirmerryway

toexploretheworld.由此可知，該句是對第三句的解釋，即當(dāng)孩子可以自由活動的時候，

孩子經(jīng)常遠離作者，互相追逐、玩耍、探索世界，可見D為正確答案，同時排除A、B以及C。

SectionB

PassageFour

55.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

答案：Differenttypesofparenting.

解析：第一段作者將“親密育兒法”和“溺愛育兒法”進行了對比，找出了這兩種育兒法

的差別。第二段介紹了“親密育兒法”的特點。第三至五段將“親密育兒法”和“粘人育兒法”

“自私育兒法”以及“直升機式育兒法”進行了對比。最后一段繼續(xù)總結(jié)“親密育兒法”的特

點。由此可知，答案為Differenttypesofparentingo

第二節(jié)選擇題題型分類及解題技巧

通過對閱讀理解選擇題題型的分析，可以看出其考核指標(biāo)主要體現(xiàn)在以下四個方面：一、

對中心思想的把握；二、對細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注；三、語言解讀能力；四、推理判斷能力。所以在選擇

題的設(shè)計上，一般都會有這五類題型：主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題、態(tài)度題和語義題。下面我們

來分析一下解答閱讀這幾種常見選擇題題型的具體策略和方法。

一、主旨題

主旨題主要考查考生對文章的主體思想、作品的基調(diào)以及文章大意的理解和掌握。經(jīng)常出

現(xiàn)的提問方式有：

Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat.

解題技巧：主旨題的題型很容易判斷，但是做起來卻不容易。考生一定要準(zhǔn)確捕捉文章的主體

思想和作者的寫作意圖。其主要判斷方法有兩種：第一，依據(jù)主題句來判斷。英語中基本上每

篇文章都有主題句，文章中的每一段也有主題句，主題句通常在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾，位于文章

中間的情況也有，但不多。第二，為了快速得出答案，可用排除法來解題。通常出題人設(shè)置的

選項不一定每個都具有很強的干擾性，所以要迅速找出某些選項和漏洞或者不確切的地方，縮

小選擇范圍，最后鎖定答案。例如：

Whatisthemessageofthepassage?

A.Understandinggainedismoreimportantthanmoneylost.

B.Itisnaturaltoseevariedresponsestofinancialcrises.

C.Desireformoneyishumannature..

D.Onehastobedecisiveduringcrises.

很明顯，這是一道考查文章主旨大意的試題，讓我們先來看文章：

IwasstandinginmykitchenwonderingwhattohaveforlunchwhenmyfriendTaj

called.

“Sitdown,“shesaid.

Ithoughtshewasgoingtotellmeshehadjustgottenthehaircut