機(jī)械英語(yǔ)常用詞匯及對(duì)話

機(jī)械專業(yè)詞匯〔一〕machinery機(jī)械mechanicalengineering機(jī)械工程design設(shè)計(jì)manufacture制造technique技術(shù)，技巧technology科技，工程技術(shù)specification說(shuō)明書(shū)facilitymachinist機(jī)械師technician技師designprocess設(shè)計(jì)流程manufactureflow加工工藝流程conceptdesign概念設(shè)計(jì)cutter刀具tool刀具cuttingtool切削工具machinetool機(jī)床theenginelathe一般車(chē)床rotate旋轉(zhuǎn)fabricate制作spindle主軸tailstock尾架，尾座threejawchuck三爪卡盤(pán)collet夾頭center頂尖belt腰帶，傳送帶workpiece工件，加工件drill鉆頭ream鉸孔thread車(chē)螺紋adjust調(diào)整，調(diào)整

taper錐形，錐度headstock主軸箱work-holdingattachmentelectricmotorbeltdrive帶驅(qū)動(dòng)gear齒輪，傳動(dòng)裝置geartrain齒輪傳動(dòng)鏈cuttaper切錐度grind磨grindingmachine磨床assemble裝配miller銑工，銑床milling銑削method方法portion局部bore鉆，挖slot狹槽，口swivel旋轉(zhuǎn)swivelinghead旋轉(zhuǎn)頭themultimodalcutter多齒銑刀millingcutterscutgear加工齒輪verticalspindlemachine立式主軸銑床horizontalmillerarc電弧welding焊接joint接頭article條款brazing銅焊electrode電極，電焊條holder固定器worksite工地，施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)helmet頭盔leatherapron皮革制服safetyequipment安全裝備glove手套arcwelding電焊弧resistancewelding電阻焊接gaswelding氣焊solidstatewelding固態(tài)焊sourceofelectriccurrent電流源leatherapronbench工作臺(tái)benchwork在工作臺(tái)上完成的工作fitter裝配工manipulation操縱mold模子repair修理worktable工作臺(tái)conveyor傳送者h(yuǎn)ardware五金器具，硬件vice臺(tái)虎鉗，老虎鉗file銼刀anvil鐵砧mounter裝配工，安裝工operation運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，操作mechanize機(jī)械化casefitter家具安裝工hardwareassemble五金器具、硬件裝配師movablevicewithanvil帶有鐵砧的可移動(dòng)性臺(tái)虎鉗

tilatablevice傾動(dòng)式的臺(tái)虎鉗casefitters家具安裝工rolling輾壓forging鍛造extruding擠壓stretching拉伸straightbending直彎casting鍛造molding成型rawmaterialmetallurgy冶金學(xué)，冶金術(shù)die模具blacksmith鐵匠alloy合金primaryprocess初加工工藝secondaryprocessmanufacturingprocesspowdermetallurgyfinishingoperationendproduct最終產(chǎn)品moltenmetalproductionprocess生產(chǎn)工藝shaping刨光，刨削planningslabmilling平面銑facemilling端面銑broaching拉削，推削grinding磨削sawing鋸切flatsurfacemachiningdrilling鉆孔boring鏜孔reaming鉸孔metalremoval金屬切削chipremoval有屑切削chiplessremoval無(wú)屑切削metalremovalbyheatcylindricalsurfacemachining圓柱面加工punch沖孔，打孔numericalcontrol數(shù)控punchedcard穿孔卡片punchedtape穿孔帶magnetictape磁性帶workrelationship工件關(guān)系toolrelationship刀具關(guān)系smelt精煉，冶煉furnace爐子，熔爐heattreatment熱處理ironsmelting鐵的熔煉physicalcharacteristics物理特性wholeheattreatment整體熱處理surfaceheattreatment外表熱處理chemicalheattreatmentheat-temperaturecoolingmethod冷卻方式heating加熱annealing退火quenching淬火cutter刀具

grinder磨工accidentrate事故發(fā)生率accident-freeoperation零事故操作mechanicalguarding機(jī)械防護(hù)safetyinstruction安全規(guī)章safetyofficer安全治理員mechanism置panel面板pipe導(dǎo)管piston活塞crankshaft機(jī)軸，曲軸cam凸輪valve閥roller滾筒，switchon接通electroniccontrolsystem電控系統(tǒng)steelsheetwindresistance風(fēng)阻力aluminiumalloy鋁合金backwheel后輪spokewheel輻條車(chē)輪discwheel盤(pán)狀車(chē)輪翻譯對(duì)話(1)Jay: HowmanymachinetoolsarethereinyourfactoryTommy:Ten.Jay: WhatkindofmachinetoolsaretheyTommy:Therearefourlathes,threemillingmachines,twoshapersandonedrillingmachine.Jay: HowmanyworkersarethereinyourworkshopTommy:Therearenine.Jay: AretheyallturnersTommy:No,sevenofthemareturnersandtwolocksmiths.Jay: Sonoonecanoperatethemillingmachine.Tommy:No,sixoftheturnerscanoperateit.Jay: IsthereanywomenTommy:Thereareeightwomen.Fiveareworkers.Othersaremanagers.Dialogue〔2〕A:Tom,yousaidthat/youliketo/beamachinist,/didn’tyouB:Yes,sir./Anoutstandingmachinist!A:Then,doyouknow/whatyouhavetolearnB:Sorry,sir.Iamnotclearabout/itenough.Couldyoutellme/somethingaboutitA:Youshouldpayattentionto/manufactureanddesign.Thisbookintroduces/basicknowledgeaboutmanufacture.Youwillbenefitfromit.B:Thankyousomuch.Iwilltrymybesttolearnit.Oh,thismachine/looksinteresting.WhatisitA:Itisaveryusefultool/inmachining.Theenginelathe.B:WhatdoesituseforA:Theenginelathe/isaveryusefultoolinmachining.Itcanbeusedfor/drilling,reaming,threading,cuttingtapers.B:I’vegotit.Dialogue〔3〕A:Sir,Iamnotfamiliarwith/theequipment/inourworkshop.Couldyouplease/givemeahandB:Sure.AnyquestionsA:IsthisabenchB:Yes,itis.A:HowaboutthosetoolsB:Thisisavice,andthatisafile.Thisisnotatool/butaworkpiece.Aworkpiece/isthematerial/tobemanufactured.A:Ok,Isee.What’sthatbigmachineB:It’stheenginelathe.Andaltogetherwehavefivelathes.Herewehave/fiveturners/tooperatethoselathes.A:Iheardthat/theenginelathe/isonekindofmachinetools.AmIrightB:Yeap.Theenginelathe,/millingmachine,/grindingmachine,/drillingmachine,/shaper/andsawingmachine/aremachinetools.Allofthem/areimportant/inmechanicalengineering.A:Arethere/anyothermachinetools/inourworkshopB:Ofcourse.Wehavethreemillingmachines,/twoshapers/andfourdrillingmachines.A:That’sgreat.Thankyouforyourexplanation.Dialogue〔4〕A:Tom,doyouknow/whattheoriginalmachineisB:Itmaybetools,/whichwereusedby/theprimitivemen.A:Right.Thefirsttoolsthatthemankindmadewerestonefalchions,stoneaxesandstonehammers.Allkindsofcomplicatedandaccuratemodernmachinesaredevelopedfromthesimpletoolsoftheancienttimesstepbystep.B:Oh,Isee,sir.Thatisthereasonwhywelearnthemechanicalhistory.DialogueTranslation(5):A:Tom,DoyouknowwhatismillingmethodB:Sorrysir.Ihavenoideaaboutit.A:Millingisaprocessofgeneratingmachinedsurfaces.Theprocessemploysrelativemotionbetweenaworkpieceandarotatingcutter.Afterthemillingprocess,somekindsofrequiredsurfacescanbeproduced.。B:what’sthemachineusedinmillingprocessA:Millerorwecansaymillingmachine.Millingmachinesareusefulinmanyareas.Theyareusuallyusedtomachineflatsurfacesandirregularsurfacesaswell.Theycanalsobeusedtodrill,bore,cut,gears,andproduce.B:MayIaskanotherquestionA:Sure.Goahead.B:Whichoneismoreimportant,alatheoramillerA:It’shardtosay.Alathecanholdmorekindsoftoolswithitsspindle.Themillingtoolshavemanyteeth,justlikemanylathetools.B:Isee.Theyarebothimportantinmanufacturing.Manufacturingprocessescanbeclassifiedintotwogeneralgroups.Theyareknownasprimaryprocessesandsecondaryprocesses.Primaryprocessescanconvertsawmaterialsintodifferentshapes.Andsecondaryprocessesremovemetalfromaworkpieceinordertoachieveaspecifiedshapeorconfiguration.Castingsaremadebypouringthemoltenmetalintoamoldordie.Shaping,grinding,andmillingaretypicalflatsurfacemachiningmethods.Drilling,reaming,turningandgrindingaretypicalcylindricalsurfacemachiningmethods.DialogueTranslation(6):A:Tom,whatdoes“tur