八年級下冊英語第四單元知識點

八年級下冊英語第四單元知識點學(xué)問是人們前進的最大動力，由于有學(xué)問，我們知道我們從哪里來，也知道我們將要到哪里去。接下來我給大家共享關(guān)于（八班級）下冊英語第四單元學(xué)問，盼望對大家有所關(guān)心！

八班級下冊英語第四單元學(xué)問1

重要詞匯和句型

1.get(1)買getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.為某人買某物

Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?

==Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?

(2)得到,到達Wheredidyougetthebook?

Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.

(3)使,讓get+賓語+賓補使某人\某物怎么樣

Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.

getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事

IgothimtocallJimyesterday.

(4)(漸漸)變得…Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.

Whydidtheteachergetangry?

2.howabout\whatabout后跟名詞\代詞\動詞ing形式。

(1)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或懇求

Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat

(2)向?qū)Ψ秸髑罂捶ɑ蚩捶?/p>

HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?

(3)詢問天氣或身體狀況

HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?

Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?

(4)談話中承接上下文

I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?

I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?

3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.

receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信

IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.

==IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.

==IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.

accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.

Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.

Hedidn’treceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.

Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.

4.a6--year–oldchild一個六歲的孩子

6--year–old是由“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,作前置定語,

修飾后面的名詞child.

數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：

afive-year-oldgirl一個五歲的女孩asix-foot-deephole一個六英尺深的洞

atwo-meter-longruler一把兩米長的尺子a100-meterrace一場百米賽跑aten-story-highbuilding一棟十層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典

5.too…to…太……而不能……

too…to…可以與enoughto和so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換.

與enoughto轉(zhuǎn)換時,enough前的形容詞,副詞必需是too后面形容詞,

副詞的（反義詞）,并使用其否定句式.

Sheistooyoungtodothework.

sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.

與so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換時,that后面的從句要用否定形式.

Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.

Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther

(2)名詞,成本,費用,價錢.atallcosts不惜任何代價;atthecostof以……為代價.

Livingcostsarehigherincitiesthanthatinthecountry.

Wemuststopitatallcosts.

Aftertheearthquake,thesoldierstriedtoreachtheareaatthe

costoftheirlives.

7.pay,spend,cost,take的區(qū)分

pay花費(多少錢),主語是人.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.

Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.

Spend花費(多少錢或時間),主語是人.Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.

Sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.

Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.

Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.

cost花費(多少錢),主語是物.Sth.costsb.somemoney.

Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.

take花費(時間),Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

花費某人多少時間做某事

Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?

花費某人多少時間做某事?

IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.

Ittakesme10minutestowalktoschoolfromhome.

Itwilltakethem6monthstobuildthebuilding.

Howlongdoesittakehimtoplantthetrees?

8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep

sleep動詞,睡覺,強調(diào)動作.Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.

Hesleptfor12hoursyesterday.

sleeping,Sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞,表示“正在睡覺”

Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.

Theywokeupthesleepinggirlandaskedherwhereherparentswere.

sleepy想睡覺的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.

asleep睡著了的.

TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.

WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?Thebabyisasleep.

fallasleep強調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程,不能接一段時間

Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.

Helistenedtomusicandfellasleep.

beasleep表示睡著后的狀態(tài),“睡著了”,可以接一段時間.

Hewasasleepforthreehours.

9.choose動詞,“選擇,選擇”,過去式chose,過去分詞chosen

choosetodosth.選擇做某事

can’tChoosebut只得……

pickandchoose挑挑揀揀

Therearemanybookstochoosefrom.

Wechoosemikeasourleader(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)).

Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?

Everyonecan’tchoosebutobey(聽從).

It’sherhabit(習(xí)慣)topickandchoosewhileshopping.

10.present(1)禮物,禮品==giftWhynotgivehimacardasapresent?

whatcanIgethimforabirthdaypresent?

(2)目前,現(xiàn)在I’msorryheisoutatpresent.

Youhavetoforgetthepastandstartlivinginthepresent.

11.open(1)動詞,打開,開業(yè),開張,呈現(xiàn)

It’snotrighttoopenotherpeople’sletters.

Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?

Thedooropenstothesouth.

Thisfactoryopenedin1998.

(2)形容詞,beopen開著的,開放的

Inhisdreamtheflowersareallopen.

Mostshopsareclosedbutseveralarestillopen.

Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.

close動詞,關(guān)閉,關(guān)上,合上

Pleaseclosethedoortokeepthecoldout.

closed形容詞,beclosed關(guān)著的,關(guān)閉的

whenwegottotheshopitwasclosed.

12.giveaway贈送,分發(fā)giveawaysthtosb

AuntWanggaveawaythecandies(糖果)tothekids.

Johngaveawayhisnotebooktome.

（其它）（短語）giveup放棄giveback歸還giveoff放出,發(fā)出(氣味)

givesthtosb==givesb.sth.把某物給某人

13.ratherthan而不是……后面跟名詞,代詞,從句

Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.

Ifyouranratherthanwalked,youwouldhavearrivedearlier.

Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.

Youshouldhelpthemratherthantheyshouldhelpyou.

prefertodosthratherthandosth.寧愿……,也不……

Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.

Hepreferredtolistentomusicratherthanplaygames.

Wouldratherdosththandosth.寧愿……,也不……

Hewouldratherplaythanwork.

Iwouldrathertaketheslowesttrainthangotherebyair.

14.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”

Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight.instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.

Theboydidn’tsingtothemusic.Instead,hesanghisownway.

(2)位于句尾,表示“作為代替,而是”

Mrsmithwasill,somrgreenwastakinghisclassinstead.

Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.

insteadof后跟名詞,代詞,動名詞,介詞短語.表示“代替,而不是”

Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.

Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(電梯).

Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.

15.enter(1)參與==takepartin\join

Morethanonethousandsportsmenentered\tookpartinthegames.

Mybrotherhopestoenter\jointhearmynextyear.

(2)進入==comeinto\gointo

Sheentered\cameintotheroomwiththesewords.

Didyouseesomeoneenter\gointothehouse?

16.encourage動詞,鼓舞,激勵encouragesb.todosth.鼓舞某人做某事

Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.

OurEnglishteacherencouragesustokeepadairyinEnglish.

17.progress名詞,“進步,進展”makeprogress“取得進步,取得進展”

Myparentsarepleasedwithmyprogressinlessons.

Tomisnowmakingmuch\greatprogressatschool.

Theymadenoprogressintheheavysnow.

18.suggest動詞,建議,提議.后跟名詞,代詞,動名詞和從句

shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficulty.

hesuggestedgoinghome.

whosuggestedyoustayinghere?

Isuggestedwe(should)holdameeting.

19.takeaninterestin(doing)sth.對(做)某事感愛好

否定表達是takenointerestin(doing)sth.對(做)某事不感愛好

DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?

Mostchildrentakeaninterestinplayingcomputergames.

Hetakesnointerestinplayingbasketball.

be\becomeinterestedin(doing)sth對(做)某事感愛好

I’mdeeplyinterestedinswimming.

Shebecameinterestedinsingingwhenshewasonly7yearsold.

20.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.

提到了三種提高英語的好（方法）.

ofimprovingEnglish是介詞短語作定語修飾ways.它相當與動詞不定式.

ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.

===ThreegoodwaystoimproveEnglisharementioned.

Canyoufindawaytoworkouttheproblem?

==Canyoufindawayofworkingouttheproblem?

Fastisanotherwayofsayingquick.

==Fastisanotherwaytosayquick.

Mention(1)動詞,“提到,提及,說起”

asmentionedabove如上所述

Heoftenmentionedhispasttome.

Nobodymentionedanythingtomeaboutit.

Didshementionwhereshewasgoing?

Youmentionedinyourletterthatyoumightbemovingabroad.

Asmentionedabove,therearemanygoodwaystolearnEnglishwell.

(2)名詞,“提及,說起”

Thenewspapermadenomentionofhim.

21.makefriendswithsb.和某人交伴侶

Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?

IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithBen.

八班級下冊英語第四單元學(xué)問2

形容詞

一、形容詞

（一）形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。

（二）形容詞的用法及位置：

1．作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。

Thenicegirlismysister.

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

2.少數(shù)形容只能作表語不能作定語：alone,afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well。

3.作表語，放在系動詞之后。Helookshappy.

4.作賓語補足語，放在賓語之后，常與make,leave,keep等動詞連用。

Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.

Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.

5.某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類人。常見的詞有：good,bad,rich,poor,

young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead。

Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.

Pleasedon’tlaughatthepoor.

6.某些表示情感的表語形容詞后可接動詞不定式（to+動詞原形）：

glad,happy,pleased

besorry,sad,sure,kind+todosth.

ready,afraid,able

easy,difficult

(三)形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成：

1．規(guī)章變化

（1）一般狀況，直接在詞尾加er\est。

(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時，加r\st。

（3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er\est。

(4)部分形容詞，先雙寫最終一個輔音字母，再加er\est。

big,hot,fat,thin,red,

(5)部分形容詞，在前面加more\most。

beautiful,careful,important,delicious,difficult,dangerous

(6)以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more\most。

friendly(友好的),lonely（孤獨的）,lovely（可愛的）

Likely（有盼望的）,daily（日常的）,lively（有生氣的）

2.不規(guī)章變化

good\wellbetterbestmany\muchmoremost

bad\illworseworstlittlelessleast

farfarther(較遠的)\further(進一步的)farthest(最遠的)\furthest（最大程度的）

oldolder(年紀較大的)\elder（年紀最大的）oldest（較年長的）\eldest(最年長的)

(四)形容詞原級的用法：

1．說明人或事物自身的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)時用形容詞原形。

Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.

2.有表示程度的副詞very,so,too,enough,quite等修飾時，用形容詞原形。

Theboyistooyoung.

3.表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時，用形容詞原形。

確定句：A+動詞+as+形容詞原形+as+B。

EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.

XiaoMingisastallasJim.

否定句：A+動詞+notas\so+形容詞原形+as+B。

Thisbookisnotas\sonewasthatone.

IamnotsocarefulasLucy.

否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當于A+動詞+less+形容詞原形+than+B。

HethinksChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.

4.表示“A是B的幾倍”：A+動詞+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原形+as+B。

Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.

Thistableistwiceaslongasthatone.

5．“A+動詞+Half+as+形容詞原形+as+B”表示“A是B的一半”

Herroomishalfasbigasyours.

(五)、形容詞比較級的用法：

1．表示兩者進行比較時，用形容詞比較級：A+動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B

Lily’sroomisbiggerthanmine.

Thismooncakeisnicethanthatone.

2．有表示程度的副詞alittle,abit,afew,alot,much,even,still,

Far,rather,any等修飾時，用形容詞比較級。

Ifeelevenworsenow.Itismuchcoldertodaythanbefore.

3.表示兩者之間“哪一個更、、、”：which\whois+形容詞比較級,AorB?

Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?

Whichsweaterismorebeautiful,theyellowoneorthepinkone?

4.表示“幾倍于、、、、、、”時，用“A+動詞+倍數(shù)+比較級+than+B”

Iamthreeyearsolderthanyou.

5．表示“兩者之間較、、、、、、的一個”，常用“the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Maryisthetallerofthetwins.

6.表示“越來越、、、、、、”時，用比較級重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級+and+比較級”，多音節(jié)

詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“moreandmore+形容詞原形”

It’sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.

Ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.

7.表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”時，用“the+比較級,the+比較級”

Theharderheworks,thericherheis.

Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.

(六)、形容詞最高級的用法：

1．三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時，用形容詞最高級。形容詞最高級前必需加定冠詞

the,句末常跟一個in\of短語來表示范圍。

Heisthestrongestofthethreeboys.

Shanghaiisthebiggestcityinchina.

2.表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一個最、、、、、、？”用句型：

Which\whois+the+最高級,A,B,orC?

Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?

3.表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一”時，用句型：

主語+is+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.

4.形容詞最高級前面可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾大/長/高等”

ChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.

5.形容詞最高級前面可以有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞全部格等修飾，此時不用the。

Thisisourlastlesson.Yesterdaywashisbusiestday.

6.形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級含義。

LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.

==NooneisastallasLiLeiinhisclass.

==NooneistallerthanLiLeiinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.

==LiLeiistallerthantherestofstudentsinhisclass.

（七）、--ing形容詞與--ed形容詞：

--ing形容詞表示“令人、、、、、、的”，表示主動意義，多指事物對人的影響，一般修飾或說明事物。如：surprising（令人驚異的）,exciting（令人興奮的）,interesting（好玩的）等。--ed形容詞表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被動意義，多指人對事物的感受，主語一般是人：sb.+be+--ed形容詞+介詞短語。如：surprised(感到驚異的),excited（感到興奮的）,

Interested（感到好玩的）等。

Weareallexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.

（八）在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時，必需把主體排解在被比較的范圍之外。

ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.(在同一范圍內(nèi))

ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.(在不同范圍內(nèi))

八班級下冊英語第四單元學(xué)問3

副詞：用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念，主要修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞

或整個（句子）。

（一）．副詞的分類：

1．時間副詞：now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,

Immediately,lately,early,sometimes,often,always,usually,already,

Yet,ever,never,seldom。時間副詞是確定句子時態(tài)的重要標志，需牢記。

2．地點副詞：outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,

In,back,off,up,anywhere。

3．方式副詞：quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,

fast,again。方式副詞大多由“形容詞+y”構(gòu)成。

4．程度副詞：very,quite,rather,too,much,so.

5．疑問副詞：when,where,why,howlong,howsoon,howoften,

Howfar.疑問副詞常用來構(gòu)成特別疑問句。

6．關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why,how等。關(guān)系副詞常用來引導(dǎo)從句。

（一）副詞的用法：

1．作狀語，用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞或整個句子。

Pleaselistentomecarefully.Theboyistooyoung.

Luckily,hewasnotbadlyhurt.

2.作表語，表示方位上的變化：Myfatherwillbebackinaweek.

3.作賓語補足語。Lethimin,please.

(三)副詞的位置：

1．一般副詞作狀語時，放在謂語動詞之后，假如謂語動詞之后帶有賓語，則放在賓語后。

Weallstudyhard.Heisdrawingahorsecarefully.

2.頻度副詞作狀語時放在be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，行為動詞之前。

Heisalwayslateforschool.

IoftengotoseemygrandparentsonSunday.

3.某些副詞為了強調(diào)上下句的連接，放在句子之前。