21bpp思維導(dǎo)圖全科公式總結(jié)acca

ThepriceelasticityofdemandThepriceelasticityofdemand(PED)isameasureoftheextentofchangeinthemarketdemandforagoodinresponsetoachangeinits??????????????????????肸??|肸?|>1|肸?|<1eelasticityofdemandeelasticityofdemand(IED)measurestheresponsivenessofdemandtochangesinhousehold??????????????????肸?

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inelastic Crosselasticityofdemandselasticityfd)se?s

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AD=consumption+investmentspending+ernmentspending+exports-Chapter4Cost ウ飾Fixedcosts=totalcostathighactivitylevel–totalunitsathighactivitylevel?variablecostperunit(Remember:thehighlowmethodreferstothehighestandlowestvolumeandnotthehighestandlowestcosts)Lineary=a+b isthedependentvariablewhosevaluedependsonthevalueof istheindependentvariablewhosevaluehelpstodeterminethecorrespondingvalueofisaconstant;thatis,afixedisalsoaconstant,beingthecoefficientofx(thatis,thenumberbywhichthevalueofxshouldmultipliedtoderivethevalueofChapter6Accountingforinventoryrepresentswhatisreallyavailableforfutureuseandiscalculatedasfollows.=materialsininventory+materialsonorderfromrs–materialsrequisitioned,notyetReorderlevel umusage umleadMinimumlevel=reorderlevel–(averageusage?averageleadumlevel=reorderlevel+ ty–(minimumusage?minimumleadAverageinventory=safetyinventory+?reorderEOQ:EconomicorderBetheordertywhichminimisesinventorycosts.TheEOQcanbecalculatedusingatable,graphor??=2CH=costofholdingoneunitofinventoryforonetimeperiodC0=costoforderingaconsignmentfromarD=demandduringthetimeBeamodificationoftheEOQandisusedwhenresupplyisgradualinsteadofEBQ R=theproductionratepertimeperiod(whichmustexceedtheinventoryusage)Q=theamountproducedineachbatchD=theusagepertimeperiodCo=theset-upcostperCH=theholdingcostperunitofinventorypertimeBulkThetotalcostwillbeminimisedatoneoftheAtthepre-discountEOQlevel,sothatadiscountisnotAttheminimumordersizenecessarytoearntheChapter7Accountingfor??????????yo= ??????ウ?ウ??? ??yo= ? ???? ???ウウnolume= ? ???? TimeWages=Hoursworked×RateofpayperWages=Unitsproduced×RateofpayperIdletime?Idletimeratio=?ウ??? ?飾?????????Labourturnoverratio ?? Chapter8Accountingfor?????????Overheadabsorptionrate Absorbedoverhead=actualactivitylevel?overheadabsorptionUnderoroverabsorbedUnderoroverabsorbedoverheads=actualoverhead–absorbedIfActualoverheadincurred–Absorbedoverhead=NEGATIVE(N),thenoverheadsareover(O)IfActualoverheadincurred–Absorbedoverhead=POSITIVE(P),thenoverheadsareunderabsorbed(U)(PU)Costcard–absorptionPrimecost=directmaterial+directlabour+directFullproductioncost=primecost+productionChapter9AbsorptionandmarginalContribution=salesvalue–marginalorvariablecostofCostcard-marginalMarginalproductioncost=directmaterial+directlabour+directexpense+variableDifferenceinprofits=changeininventorylevel×overheadabsorptionrateperIfinventorylevelshavegoneup(thatis,closinginventory>openinginventory)thenabsorptioncostingprofitwillbegreaterthanmarginalcostingprofit.Ifinventorylevelshavegonedown(thatis,closinginventory<openinginventory)thenabsorptioncostingprofitwillbelessthanmarginalcostingprofit.Chapter10job,batchandserviceApercentageEg:asellingpricebasedona20%Sellingprice(100%)=costofjob(80%)+profitSellingprice(120%)=costofjob(100%)+profitウ ??Costperserviceunit ???Chapter11processLossinprocessNormalloss=expectedAbnormalloss=actualloss–normalloss(whenactuallossisgreaterthannormalAbnormalgain=normalloss–actualloss(whenactuallossislessthanthenormalExpectedoutput=input–normalAbnormalloss/gainhasthesamevalue(COSTPERUNIT)asCostperunit(normalloss)=Costperunitoutput ??ウ?ウ??????Specialsituation1:LosswithscrapvalueCostperunit(normalloss)=scrapvalueperCostperunitoutput)=??ウ???????????????Specialsituation2:LosswithadisposalcostCostperunit(normalloss)=Costperunitoutput??ウ+disposalcostsofnormal??ValueclosingworkinEquivalentunits=theunitsofWIP?thedegreeofcompletionCostperequivalentunit=? Chapter12Processcosting,jointproductsandbyDealwithcommoncosts:apportionjointcostsPhysicalmeasurement.(BeapportionedtothejointproductsonthebasisoftheproportionthatoutputofeachproductbearsbyweightorvolumetothetotalRelativesalesvalueapportionmentmethod;salesvalueatsplit-offpoint.(thecostisallocatedaccordingtotheproduct'sabilitytoproducee.)Aby-producthassomecommercialvalueandanyegeneratedfromitmaybetreatedase(minusanypost-separationfurtherprocessingorsellingcosts)fromthesaleoftheby-productmaybeaddedtosalesofthemainproduct,therebyincreasingsalesturnoverfortheperiod.Thesalesoftheby-productmaybetreatedasaseparate, alsourceofeagainstwhicharesetonlypost-separationcosts(ifany)oftheby-product.Therevenuewouldberecordedinthestatementofprofitorlossas'othere'.Thesaleseoftheby-productmaybedeductedfromthecostofproductionorcostofsalesofthemainThenetrealisablevalueoftheby-productmaybedeductedfromthecostofproductionofthemainproduct.Thenetrealisablevalueisthefinalsaleablevalueoftheby-productminusanypost-separationcosts.AnyclosinginventoryvaluationofthemainproductorjointproductswouldthereforebereducedChapter14LinearregressionTheleastsquaresmethodoflinearregressionysisinvolvesusingthefollowingformulaeforaandinY=a+b??????2??2???=b????=a? Wherenisthenumberofpairsof r?2???2??2???Coefficientofdetermination=r2 r2 TimeThereareseveralfeaturesofatimeserieswhichitmaybenecessarytoyseinordertoprepareASeasonalvariationsorCycles,orcyclicalNon-recurring,randomvariations,whichmaybecausedbyunforeseencircumstances,suchaschangein ernmentofthecountry,awar,thecollapseof ,technologicalchangeandAdditivemodel:Y=T+Proportional(multiplicative)model:Y=T×S×Deseasonalisedorseasonallyadjusted=Trend(T)=Y–SorYPriceindex tyindex=???Priceindex tyindex= Laspeyrepriceindex ? tyindex ?Paaschepriceindex tyindex Fisher’sidealindex Chapter16Thebudgetary =forecastsales+closinginventoryoffinishedgoods–openinginventoryoffinished=materialusagebudget+closinginventory–openingBudgetedeCostof=openinginventory+productioncost–closingClosingnet=openingnetasset+budgetednetprofit–anydrawingsordividendpaidtoChapter19MethodsofprojectSimpleF=P+(p×r×nF:futureP:presentvalue(initialr:interestraten:thenumberoftimeF=P 飾+?F:futureP:presentvalue(initialinvestment)r:interestrate%n:thenumberoftime飾 ?=飾+ir 飾+飾??r=effectiveinterestrateI=nominalinterestrateN=numberoftimeperiodEffectiveannualrate=Annualpercentagerate(APR)=CompoundannualrateDiscountfactor ?飾+?IRR=A ??AisthediscountratewhichprovidesthepositiveNPVaistheamountofthepositiveNPVBisthediscountratewhichprovidesthenegativeNPVbistheamountofthenegativeNPVTheannuityfactor=thesumoftheindividualDF PV=Annualcashflow?ThePVofaperpetuity=annualcashflow????????ウ??=?IRRofa飾Chapter21Cost=whatitshouldhavecost–whattheoutputactuallyPrice=standardcostforthe tyofmaterialused–actualcostfor=(standardpricepermaterial–actualpricepermaterial)? tyofmaterial=(thestandard tyofmaterialthatshouldhavebeenusedforthenumberofunitsactuallyproduced–theactualtyofmaterialsused)?standardcostperunitofmaterial(Note: tybasedonactual= tyofmaterialusedperunit?actualproductionunitsDirectlabour=theoutputshouldhavecost–whatitdid=standardcostbasedonactualproduction–actualdirectlabourcost(did=standardcostfortheactualnumberofhours–actualcostfortheactualnumberof=(standardcostperlabourhour–actualcostperlabourhour)?actualnumberof=(hoursthatshouldhavebeenworkedforthenumberofunitsactuallyproduced–theactualnumberofhours?standardrateper=theamountofvariableproductionoverheadthatshouldhavebeenincurredintheactualhoursactivelyworked–theactualamountofvariableproductionoverheadincurred=(standardvariableproductionrateperhour–actualvariableproductionrateperhour)?actualhoursactively=(hoursthatshouldhavebeenworkedforthenumberofunitsactuallyproduced–actualhoursactivelyworked)=actualfixedoverhead–absorbedfixed=(actualvolume–budgetedvolume)?standardabsorptionrateper=(thenumberofhoursthatactualproductionshouldhavetaken–thenumberofhoursactuallytaken)?=(actualhoursworked–budgetedhoursofwork)?standardabsorptionrateperSalesSellingprice=(actualsellingprice–standardsellingprice)?the tySalesvolumeprofit=(actualsalesvolume–budgetedsalesvolume)?standardprofitper=(actualsalesvolume–budgetedsalesvolume)?standardcontributionperProfitNetrofitargin=?? ウEBITDA=Netprofit+interest+tax+depreciation+Returnoncapital Capitalemployed=Shareholdersfunds+longterm ??????=ROE 飾?ウ?????????????????ROI????Currentcurrentratio= ???ウ ウ? ??????????QuickQuickratio ??? Efficiencycollectionperiod???????????????????? ???? ? 飾 Accountspayablepayment?????????????????=飾????? ? 飾Debtand Gearingratiofinancial?????????????Interestcover??ウ?????=OperationalOperational??????????=Shareholder’s 飾 ????????????=P/E??飾?????=??? ????????=

禸?焐??訰??素j?Weightedaveragecost=Totalcost/(openinginventory+total Closinginventory=Weightedaveragecost*unitsleft Reducing第nDepexpnCA0*rate)n-1*第n年年末的賬面價(jià)值 CAn=CA0*FromopeningtoOpeninginventory+purchase–Costofsales=ClosingOpeningCA+Revaluationsurplus+Addition-Disposal@CA-Dep(P/L)=ClosingCAWhereCA=carryingamount,Dep=depreciationexpense,Credit$XPlusclosingbalanceoftradereceivables(sincetheserepresentsalesincurrentperiodforwhichcashpaymenthasnotyetbeenXLessopeningbalanceoftradereceivables(theserepresentcreditsalesinCreditsalesintheXPlusclosingbalanceoftradepayables(sincetheserepresentpurchasesinthecurrentperiodforwhichpaymenthasnotyetbeenmade)Lessopeningbalanceoftradepayables(thesedebts,paidintheX$X$XXAccrualsand1.Accruals/Expense(P/L)=本期payment+closing -opening 2.Accruede/prepaid BankBalanceperbankstatementLess:unpresentedcheques

Balancepercashbook Goodwillatdateofacquisition（全找敘述$$XXXXXOtherreservesatXXXRetainedearningsotherreserves同理PS$$PerquestionRetainedearningsatDoC)（找表XXX 即yearend;DoA=dateofacquisition(收購(gòu)日*X2=X1×groupNon-controllinginterestatreportingdateFairFairvalueofNCIatacquisition計(jì)算Goodwill$X*X3=X1’×nci*X1’=X1post-acqotherreservesotherreserves如Revaluationsurplus的變動(dòng)EliminateURP=毛利ConsolidatedgrossConSales=P.sales+S.sales-intraCon = + -intrasales+URP(ifRatioPBITProfitbeforeinterestand = x ReturnonequityPATProfitaftertaxandpreferencedividendE= = NetprofitNet XAssetturnover X100%Liquidityandworkingcapital CurrentassetsQuickCA-InventoryCurrentassets- = Currentliabilities X365daysCreditsales X365days X365daysCostofsalesDebtandgearing/leverageDebt TDTotal DividendonDividendonthesharefortheCurrentmarketvalueoftheshare(exdiv)XEarningspershareDividendperordinaryshareFairvaluepershareimmediaybeforetheexerciseofrightscumrightspriceTheoreticalex-rightsfairvaluepershareEPSforthecurrentTheoreticalex-rightsfairvalueperFairvaluepershareimmediaybeforetheexerciseofrights(cumrightsEPSforthecorrespondingpreviousperiodOrdinarydividends=IPBITProfitbeforeinterestand Minimumperiodofmonth≤X<2years;Notice≥1years≤X<12years;Notice≥XX≥12years;Notice≥12X>1month;Notice=118-22-11Subjecttoaumserviceyearof20 解雇的補(bǔ)償：1/2X周薪XN年（工作年限 解雇的補(bǔ)償：1X周薪XN年（工作年限如果雇員等于或大于41歲，可得到 解雇的補(bǔ)償：11/2X周薪XN年（工作年限）Note：-計(jì)算解雇補(bǔ)償時(shí)，工作年限最多 過(guò)20年SharePublic Unitsellingprice–unitvariable(Salesvolume×contributionperunit)–fixedBreakevenpointthereisnoContributionrequiredtobreakeven=FixedBreakevenpointinTotalfixedcosts/contributionperC/S(Contribution/sales)×SalesrevenueatbreakevenFixedcosts/c/sMarginofsafety(inBudgetedsalesunits–breakevensalesMarginofsafety(as(Budgetedsales–breakevensales)/budgetedsales×Salesvolumetoachieveatarget(Fixedcost+targetprofit)/contributionperBreakevenpointinFixedcosts/WeightedaveragecontributionperBreakevenpointintermsofsalesFixedcosts/averagec/sFixedcosts+RequiredTotalnumberofunitstobesoldtoachieveatarget(Fixedcosts+Requiredprofit)/WeightedaveragecontributionP=a–bQP=theQ= tya=thepriceatwhichdemandwouldbeb=changeinprice/change Theconstantaiscalculatedasa=$(currentprice)+(Current tyatcurrentprice/Changeintywhenpriceischangedby$b)·$ba–Profits Marginalcost(MC)=MarginalrevenuePriceelasticityof%changeindemand/%changein ysisinVariablecostper(Totalcostathighactivitylevel-totalcostatlowactivitylevel)(Totalunitsathighactivitylevel-totalunitsatlowactivityFixedcosts(Totalcostathighactivitylevel)–(totalunitsathighactivitylevelvariablecostperY=axbYisthecumulativeaveragetimeperunittoproducexxisthecumulativenumberofaisthetimetakenforthefirstunitofbistheindexoflearning(logLR/log2)LRisthelearningrateasadecimalSalesmargin(alsocalledgrossTurnover–costofEarningspershareReturnoncapitalemployedPBIT/CapitalTotalassets–currentDebt/(Debt+equity)orDebt/Contribution/ProfitbeforeinterestandtaxLiquidityandcashCurrentassets/CurrentQuickratiooracidtest(Currentassets–inventories)/Current(Tradereceivables/Creditsalesturnover)×365Inventory/Costofsales×365(Averagetradepayables/CreditpurchasesorCostofsales)×FinancialCustomer ; BuildingBlockDimensionsofReturnoninvestment(Profit/capitalemployed)×ResidualCentre'sprofits–notionalorimputedinterest(Thecentre'sprofitisafterdeductingdepreciationonMarginalcost+opportunitycostoftheitemumtransferLowestmarketpricelessanyinternalcostNosuitablemarketFullFullcostplusOpenmarketpriceActivitycostcentre/costChargeoverheadcoststoproductsforeachNumberofcostdriverstheyuse×absorptionLifecycleLifecycleAccumulationofcostsoveraproduct'sentireSales–MaterialThroughput/UsageofbottleneckThroughputperunitofbottleneckresource/Factorycostperunitnning(standardprice–revisedprice)×ty×actual(revisedprice–actualprice)×ty×actualnning(standardusage–revisedusage)×ty×standard(revisedusage–actualusage)×ty×standardindecisionrule isetheminimumachievableDecisionoptionDecisionoptionDecisionoptionMinimumachievableMin(+100,+90,-20)=-Min(+80,+120,+10)=Min(+60,+85,+85)=izedecisionMax(-20,+10,+60)=+60,SelectDecisionoptionaxdecisionrule-ise umachievableDecisionoptionDecisionoptionDecisionoptionumachievableMax(+100,+90,-20)=Max(+80,+120,+10)=Max(+60,+85,+85)=izedecisionMax(+100,+120,+85)=+120,SelectDecisionoptionRegretistheopportunitylostthroughmakingthewrongRegretRegretistheopportunitylostthroughmakingthewrongRegretDecisionoptionDecisionoptionDecisionoptionBestdecisionoptionCircumstanceBestdecision(+100,+80,+60)=CircumstanceBestdecision(+90,+120,+85)=Bestdecision(-20,+10,+85)=DecisionoptionDecisionoptionDecisionoptionBestdecisionoptionCircumstance==-=-Bestdecision(+100,+80,+60)==-=+85–120=-Bestdecision(+90,+120,+85)=-20-85=-+10-85=-+85-85=Bestdecision(-20,+10,+85)=DecisionoptionDecisionoptionDecisionoption0Circumstance00umMaxregret(0,30,105)=Maxregret(-20,0,-75)=Maxregret(-40,-35,0)=MinimizeregretMinregret(105,75,40)=40,SelectDecisionoptionTotalActualusageinstandardmix(a:b)Mixx (x+y)x- (x+yy?(x+yy- ?(x+x+x+0MaterialBlack:StandardpriceperkgofMaterialBlack×MixvarianceofMaterialMaterialWhite:StandardpriceperkgofMaterialWhite×MixvarianceofMaterial TotalMixvarianceinMethod1:Method2:shouldusekgorproduceActualproductionunits·((x+y diduseorActualYieldvarianceinkgorYieldvarianceinYieldvarianceinWeightedaveragepriceperYieldvarianceinkgYieldvariancein

StandardmaterialcostperYieldvarianceinunitYieldvariancein(June2019-March2020)etax￡￡￡￡EmploymentXTradingePropertybusinesseBank/buildingsocietyX XXTotalXXXlossNetXXXXLess:alTaxableXXXXEBasicrateband@20%Higherrateband@40%Startingrateband(￡5,000)Nilrateband(￡1000/500)Basicrateband@20%Higherrateband@40%Nilrateband(￡2,000)Basicrateband@7.5%Less:taxPropertybusinessfinancecosts(50%*financecost*20%)

000騨 (Grossamountofallcontributions–AA)@marginalNSI etax Less: Employment￡ mission/Tips(Deemedreceivedrule) ageCapitalallowancesonnt&machineryforLiabilitiesandinsurancerelatingtothePayrolldonations(notgiftaid

alNettaxableearnings(Employment

XNon-jobJobNon-jobJobAdditionalbenefit(costoftheHigherof(Annualvalue*n/12)andrentactuallypaid(Cost/MVifbought6yrsagorunningcosts20%ofthe10oftheemployee’s‘netearnings’(i.e.employmenteexcludingthisbenefit)Use20%Use20%oftheMVatfirstprovidedtoanyemployee*higherof(MVatacquisitiondate)and(MVatfirstprovidedaccumulatedtaxedamount)-PricepaidbyCarforprivate5向下取整,37%.Fuelforbenefit,除非提供chauffeur,的費(fèi)用是*Poolcar-notaxable AnyamountswrittenInterest@officialrate2.5%-InterestactuallyOtherX-alofProperty￡￡XRentpaidtoownRepairsand forpropertyRecementofdomesticitemPropertyeXLess:b/fpropertybusinessXRentaGrossrents<(rents–expenses)ifGrossrents>(rents–(rents-￡7,500)ifTrading￡￡P(guān)rofitperXXTaxableenotincludedintheetaxedunderotherExemptAmortizationofpremiumpaid[P–P×2%×(n-1)]/n*XTWDVb/fXXXXXAIA(￡200,000)XtootherpoolsAdditionsnotABCDTWDVXXXX Cashbasisforsmall￡CashXExpenditureonntandApprovedageHouseexpense-Cash￡￡Gross alcostsofNetXXalcostsofXXLess:

Currentyearcapital Less:currentyearcapital Netchargeablegainforthetax Partdisposal:Gain=proceeds–allowablecostofthedisposed?????

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?????????????????本+修復(fù)支出– Assetlostordestroyed：fullBasecostofthenewasset=costofnewasset–fullDeferredgain=fullgain–chargeableChargeablegain=lowerof(compensationreceived–costofnewasset)andfullBasecostofthenewasset=costofnewasset–deferred sandwastingNotavailableforAvailableforIfgain–￡6000Ifloss–noallowable,收入>￡6000,成本<￡6000,normalcalculationbutsubjecttomax5/3·(grossproceeds-￡6000)收入<￡6000,成本>￡6000,Allowableloss=????????????MatchingrulesSamedayAcquisitionswithinthefollowing30daysSharepool(sharesacquiredbeforethedateofPPRrelief=Fullgainx(Periodofoccupation/PeriodofLettingrelief=thelowestPPREntrepreneur’srelief-taxrate10%Investor’srelief-taxrate10%Rolloverrelief-defergaintonewassetGiftrelief-defergaintothetransfereenameCorporationtaxcomputationforXmonthsto￡XInteresteXPropertyeXMiscellaneouse(accruals)XNetchargeablegainsXXLess:b/flossreliefLess:currentperiodlossreliefLess:c/blossreliefLess:QCDLess:groupreliefCorporationtaxliability@taxrateProfitper￡XNon-adjustmentitemsXetaxableunderotherExemptAmortizationofpremiumpaid[P–P×2%×(n-1)]/n*XIntereste-loanrelationship￡ NetinterestLess:CostChargeablegain

Samedayacquisition(noPreviousninedaysacquisition(FIFO)(noSharepoolcost(indexedProformaforshareIAtonextoperative

IAtonextoperative

Poolcarried TradingXXOthereandXXXTotalXXXCarryingforwardlossCurrentyearlossCarryingbacklossLessXXXetax& 6monthsaftertheendthe 12monthsaftertheendi.e.5Oct2019for31OctfollowingtheTY31Janfollowingthe 12monthsaftertheendofthePOA(online) due 31Janfollowingthe 9monthsandonedaytheendofthe31Janinthe31Julafterthe31Janafterthe14ofthe7thmonthinthe14ofthe10th14ofthe13th14ofthe16thIfAPisshorterthan12months,thefinalpaymentdueonthe14ofthe4thmonthinthePOA=(IT+Class4NICFinalpayment=balanceof(IT+Class4-PAYE)ofthecurrentyear–POA+(Class2+Instalment=CT*3/n(nisthelengthofAP)Finalpayment=CT– 1yearafterfilingdateJan 5yearsafterfilingdate6yearsaftertheendof 5yearsafterfilingdate31Jan(self-employed)Amendingthe9monthsafterthereturnisactuallyfiled(amendedby12monthsafterthefilingdate31Jan(amendedby9monthsafterthereturnisactuallyfiled(amendedby12monthsafterthefilingdatei.e.2yearsaftertheendofthePOA(amendedby 4yearsaftertheendofthe 4yearsaftertheendofthe-1yearafterthereturnisactuallyfiledwithHMRC-Quarterday(31.1;31.7;31.10)followingthe1yearaftertheactualfilingdate(iftaxreturnisafterfilingdate31-1yearafterthereturnisactuallyfiledwithHMRC-Quarterday(31.1;31.7;31.10)followingthe1yearaftertheactualfilingdate(iftaxreturnisafterfiling￡XLess:valueofestateafterXLess:SpouseSmallgiftsMarriageNormalexpenditureoutofAnnualXLess:NRBNRBatX-GCTs(onlyCLTs)in7yrsX@20%(ifpaidby@25%(ifpaidbyXGCTc/f=Chargeableamount+(IHTifbyby￡GCT(PET/CLT)in7yrsbeforeXLess:NRBavailable-GCTs(allCLTsandchargeablePETs)in7yrsXALess:taperrelief贈(zèng)與 3-4yrs:4-5yrs:5-6yrs:6-7yrs:Less:lifetimeIHTIHTpayableonlifetimeXDeath￡￡holdXXBusinessownedbysoletrader/XCashatbankandondeposit(includingXXInsuranceXXXal XDebtsduetotheXXLess:DebtsduebytheXLess:ExemptlegaciestospouseorcivilX￡￡Xvalueoftheresidentialproperty(netofmortgage)upto of(￡125,000+transferredRNRBfromLess:NRBavailablefordeathNRBatdeath+transferredNRBfromspouse–GCTs(CLT&PET)7yrsbeforeXIHTondeathX￡OutputVATReducedratesupplyZeroratesupplyFuelscaleXAInputXXZerorate0Entertainingrs/UKX0 nt&XLeasedmotorcarwithpartlyprivatePurchasedmotorcarsolelyforbusinessXPurchasedmotorcarwithpartlyprivate0AllmotorcarXAllXXImpairmentlossdueover6XB

禸?焐??訰??素j?Weightedaveragecost=Totalcost/(openinginventory+total Closinginventory=Weightedaveragecost*unitsleft Reducing第nDepexpnCA0*rate)n-1*第n年年末的賬面價(jià)值 CAn=CA0*FromopeningtoOpeninginventory+purchase–Costofsales=ClosingOpeningCA+Revaluationsurplus+Addition-Disposal@CA-Dep(P/L)=ClosingCAWhereCA=carryingamount,Dep=depreciationexpense,Credit$XPlusclosingbalanceoftradereceivables(sincetheserepresentsalesincurrentperiodforwhichcashpaymenthasnotyetbeenXLessopeningbalanceoftradereceivables(theserepresentcreditsalesinCreditsalesintheXPlusclosingbalanceoftradepayables(sincetheserepresentpurchasesinthecurrentperiodforwhichpaymenthasnotyetbeenmade)Lessopeningbalanceoftradepayables(thesedebts,paidintheX$X$XXAccrualsand1.Accruals/Expense(P/L)=本期payment+closing -opening 2.Accruede/prepaid BankBalanceperbankstatementLess:unpresentedcheques

Balancepercashbook Goodwillatdateofacquisition（全找敘述$$XXXXXOtherreservesatXXXRetainedearningsotherreserves同理PS$$PerquestionRetainedearningsatDoC)（找表XXX 即yearend;DoA=dateofacquisition(收購(gòu)日*X2=X1×groupNon-controllinginterestatreportingdateFairFairvalueofNCIatacquisition計(jì)算Goodwill$X*X3=X1’×nci*X1’=X1post-acqotherreservesotherreserves如Revaluationsurplus的變動(dòng)EliminateURP=毛利ConsolidatedgrossConSales=P.sales+S.sales-intraCon = + -intrasales+URP(ifRatioPBITProfitbeforeinterestand = x ReturnonequityPATProfitaftertaxandpreferencedividendE= = NetprofitNet XAssetturnover X100%Liquidityandworkingcapital CurrentassetsQuickCA-InventoryCurrentassets- = Currentliabilities X365daysCreditsales X365days X365daysCostofsalesDebtandgearing/leverageDebt TDTotal DividendonDividendonthesharefortheCurrentmarketvalueoftheshare(exdiv)XEarningspershareDividendperordinaryshareFairvaluepershareimmediaybeforetheexerciseofrightscumrightspriceTheoreticalex-rightsfairvaluepershareEPSforthecurrentTheoreticalex-rightsfairvalueperFairvaluepershareimmediaybeforetheexerciseofrights(cumrightsEPSforthecorrespondingpreviousperiodOrdinarydividends=IPBITProfitbeforeinterestand AuditAuditrisk=inherentrisk·controlrisk·detectionFollowingbenarksandpercentagesmaybeappropriateinthecalculationofmaterialityforthefinancialstatementsasa%Profitbefore5GrossNetProfitafterCapitalemployedProfitmargin?assetShareholders'equityTotalearningsPartCWorkingcapitalCreditsales?365-FinishedCostofsales?365-Costofsales?365-RawRawmaterialsinventoryholdingperiod Accountspayablepaymentperiod Averageproductionperiod Inventoryturnoverperiod(FinishedX 33?transaction?varianceofcash?3グ???PartDInvestmentDebt ?EquityorDebtEquityグ??a+ (b?a)NPVa?NPVbPVofcostoveronerecementcyclePartEBusiness-Rf+βi(Erm?Assetbeta- β Vd(? Ve+Vd(?T) (Ve+Vd(?T))TheGrowth-P=D0(+ (re?-nnearestdividendoldestdividend?-(?0P0(+Preferencedividend Marketvalue(exdiv)=VeK+VdK(?T)Ve+Vde Ve+VddPartGRisk-S?(+0(+-S?(+0(++(+r)(++++PartAFinancialManagement =Profitbeforeinterestandtax ?

RevenueCapital=Profitmargin?assetShareholders'equity =Currentassets:Current? =Currentassetslessinventory:Current?? =

Exdivmeansthatthesharepricedoesnotincludetherighttothemostrecentdividend.分母股價(jià)的計(jì)算為：Exdivmarketpricepershare=Marketpriceshare(cumdiv)–ingdividendpershareEarningspershare(EPS)=ProfitdistributabletoordinaryshareholdersWeightedaveragenumberofordinaryPriceearningsratio(P/Eratio)?=Marketpriceofshare=Totalmarketvalueofequity Totalearnings市盈率（P/Eratio）是評(píng)估相對(duì)價(jià)值的有用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它反映了市場(chǎng)對(duì)該 ??

利潤(rùn)股息比率（Dividendcover）代表了企業(yè)支付股息的能力，或者說(shuō)利潤(rùn)的保留程度。當(dāng)利潤(rùn)下降的時(shí)候，企業(yè)會(huì)保留 與Dividendcover相反的概念為利息分配率（dividendpayoutratio），計(jì)算 ?? =DividendperPartCWorkingcapitalPartC的內(nèi)容為營(yíng)運(yùn)資本管理。營(yíng)運(yùn)資本管理的主要目的是確保企業(yè)擁有足夠的流動(dòng)資本以繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)，并提高其 ?? ?? ??=Finishedgoods?365CostofCostofsales Annualrawmaterialpurchases況。存貨周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)增加可能由于a)變緩b)庫(kù)存水平增加可能表示企業(yè)對(duì)庫(kù)存的投資過(guò)度。 中平均庫(kù)存（Averageinventory）的計(jì)算方法一般采用(Openingbalance+ ?? ??

?365AccountspayablepaymentperiodAverageproductionperiod Operatingcycle

X????????????3.)(????=D=usageinunitsforoneperiod(thedemand)Ca=costofcingoneorderCh=holdingcostperunitofinventoryforoneQ=re-orderMiller-OrrModel? ?=Lowerlimit+(3?3?transaction3?transaction?varianceofcashflowsグ????Step1.SetthelowerlimitforthecashbalanceStep3.Notetheinterestrateandthetransactioncostforeachsaleorpurchaseofsecurities(thelatterisassumedtobePartDInvestmentDebtandgearing? ?=Debt Debt+

グ?グ?グ?グ??

? ? ? ? Note:Contribution=sales-variablecostof 利息備付率（Interestcoverage）是一種衡量 Interestcoverage大于7通常被認(rèn)為是安全的。=a+ (b?a)NPVa?a=thelowerofthetworatesofreturnb=thehigherofthetworatesofreturnusedNPVa=theNPVobtainedusingrateaNPVb=theNPVobtainedusingratereturn）超過(guò)IRR，這個(gè)投資項(xiàng)目是可以被接受的。????????

PVofcostoveronere cementcycleAnnuityfactorforthenumberofyearsinthecycle???????? =NPVofPartEBusiness及Weightedaveragecostofcapital(WACC)。CapitalAssetPricingModelEri=Rf+βi(Erm?E(ri)=thecostofequitycapitalRf=therisk-rateofreturnE(