選修一（book8）Unit 1 詞匯及練習(xí) 學(xué)生版

Unit1詞匯短語(yǔ)及練習(xí)一、詞匯變形1.magicadj.神奇的；有魔力的；棒極了n.魔術(shù)；魔法；魔力；巫術(shù)vt.(像)用魔法變出→_________n.魔術(shù)師；巫師→_______adj.魔法的，魔術(shù)的；神奇的，迷人的2.mysteryn.神秘的事物；奧秘→_____________adj.神秘的；詭秘的→_____________adv.神秘地；故弄玄虛地3.vastnessn.浩瀚；幅員遼闊→______adj.巨大的；遼闊的；龐大的；大量的4.explorevt.勘探；勘查；探索；探究；調(diào)查研究；探討→_________n.勘探；勘查；探索；考察；探究；調(diào)查→__________n.探險(xiǎn)家5.curiosityn.好奇心；求知欲→________adj.好奇的；求知欲強(qiáng)的→__________adv.好奇地；奇異地，奇怪地；說(shuō)來(lái)古怪地6.unshakableadj.不可動(dòng)搖的；堅(jiān)定不移的→_________adj.可搖動(dòng)的；可震動(dòng)的→______vt.&vi.搖動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)；(使)顫動(dòng)n.搖動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)7.evolvevi.&vt.進(jìn)化；逐漸演變→____________n.發(fā)展；進(jìn)化8.preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓→____________adj.可預(yù)防的；可避免的→______________adj.無(wú)法預(yù)防的9.freezingadj.極冷的；冰凍的；冰點(diǎn)以下的→______vt.&vi.(使)凍結(jié)，結(jié)冰；(使)凍住，凍堵；嚴(yán)寒；極冷；冷凍貯藏；(因害怕等)停住不動(dòng)n.凍結(jié)；冰凍期；霜→________adj.凍結(jié)的；冷酷的10.equaladj.(大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值等)相同的，同樣的；平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.(大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值等)與……相等→________adv.平等地；同樣地；平均地；同樣，此外，也→__________n.平等；均等；相等11.solelyadv.僅，只，單獨(dú)地→______n.鞋底；腳掌；腳底(板)adj.唯一的；僅有的vt.給(鞋)換底12.survivaln.生存；存活；幸存；殘存物；幸存事物→_________vt.&vi.幸存；生存；存活→__________n.幸存者13.formationn.組成物，形成物；組成，形成；編隊(duì)，隊(duì)形→_______v.形成14.reproductionn.生殖，繁殖；復(fù)制；(聲音的)錄制；(尤指藝術(shù)品的)復(fù)制品→____________vt.&vi.復(fù)制；再現(xiàn)；繁殖15.scarceadj.缺乏的，稀少的→__________adv.勉強(qiáng)；剛；幾乎不；簡(jiǎn)直不；(表示接連發(fā)生)剛一……就；實(shí)在不應(yīng)該；根本不可能→__________n.稀缺;缺乏;不足;稀少16.volcanicallyadv.火山似地；猛烈地→__________adj.火山的；火山引起的；火山產(chǎn)生的→_________n.火山17.geological(geologic)adj.地質(zhì)的→__________n.地質(zhì)；地質(zhì)學(xué)→___________n.地質(zhì)學(xué)家18.awaitvt.等候，等待；將發(fā)生在，將降臨到(某人頭上)→_______vi.等待19.axispl.axes軸；坐標(biāo)軸analysispl._________分析20.tidala.潮汐的，有潮的—_______________n.潮汐，潮水21.rotationn.旋轉(zhuǎn)；一周，一圈；輪換—_______________v.（使）旋轉(zhuǎn)，（使）轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；輪換22.gravitationala.引力的，重力引起的--___________n.重力；嚴(yán)重性—_______________v.受引力作用23.minen.礦井，礦--____________n.礦工--_______________n.礦物質(zhì)24.enlighteningadj.讓人受啟發(fā)的--____________v.啟發(fā);開(kāi)導(dǎo);闡明_________________n.啟迪，啟發(fā)，開(kāi)導(dǎo)Words&phrases1.leapn.跳躍，調(diào)高；驟變，激增vt&vi過(guò)去式________過(guò)去分詞________跳躍；猛沖；驟增Withaspring,thecatleaptontothetable.貓一躍跳上桌子。Thephotoseemedtoleapoffthepage.那張照片躍然紙上，引人注目。Thesharepriceislikelytoleapupwards.該股票價(jià)格可能會(huì)猛漲。That'sonesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.這是一個(gè)人的一小步，卻是人類的一大步。leapyear_________Lookbeforeyouleap_______________2.spinvi&vt過(guò)去式________過(guò)去分詞________現(xiàn)在分詞_________（使）快速旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡線n.高速旋轉(zhuǎn)Thefigure-skaterspunatatremendousspeedinthewater.花樣游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員在水中快速旋轉(zhuǎn)。Iwaspouringwithsweat,andmyheadwasspinning.我大汗如雨，感到頭暈?zāi)垦?。Herresignationputhercolleaguesinaspin.她的辭職令同事們摸不著頭腦。3.altervt&vi（使）改變，更改，改動(dòng)HehadalteredsomuchthatIscarcelyrecognizedhim.他變得我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出來(lái)了。=Hehadalteredsomuchthatscarcely___________________________.Shehadthedress________forthewedding.她讓人把禮服改一下婚禮上穿。4.thrivevi.茁壯成長(zhǎng)，蓬勃發(fā)展Hethrivesonhardwork.他以苦干為樂(lè)事。Fewplantsoranimalsthriveinthedesert.極少數(shù)植物或動(dòng)物能在沙漠中茁壯成長(zhǎng)。Theplacehasrapidlydevelopedfromasmallfishingcommunityintoathrivingtouristresort.這地方由原來(lái)的小漁村迅速發(fā)展成一個(gè)繁榮的旅游勝地。5.crackvt&vi砸開(kāi)；破裂；猛擊n.裂縫；縫隙；爆炸聲TheicecrackedasIsteppedontoit.我一踩冰就裂了。Icrackedmyheadonthelowceiling.我的頭撞上了低矮的天花板。Shecrackedaneggintothepan.她往鍋里打了一個(gè)雞蛋。ahardnuttocrack__________________acrackofthunder一聲霹靂6.enlighteningadj.讓人受啟發(fā)的Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?請(qǐng)給我解釋一下你將來(lái)的計(jì)劃好嗎?Igainedagooddealof________________fromhim.我從他那里獲得許多啟迪。anenlighteninglecture啟發(fā)性的演講theEnlightenment(18世紀(jì)歐洲的)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)laydown積存；放下，停止使用lay（過(guò)去式）_________（過(guò)去分詞）_________Similarly,tidalrecordslaiddowninancientrivermouthsalsorevealdifferentlengthsofdaysandyearsinthepast.翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________________layout______________________layoff_____________laystresson___________二、語(yǔ)境填詞1.Thedancersstepintoa___________（form）whichrepresentsthehumanbeing.2.Theirpricedependedalmostentirelyontheir_________（scare）.3.Darwineventuallyputforwardamodelofbiological___________（evolve）.4.Hequestionedwhethertheaccidentwas________（sole）thetruckdriver’sfault.5.Bobprefersmakingoriginalpiecesratherthan______________（reproduce）.6.Hecrackedhisheadonthe__________（pave）andwasknockedcold.7.Shestationedherselfatthewindowto_______（wait）hisreturn.8.Theworkerssearchedtheedgeofthecliffona___________（geology）survey.9.________（sit）atthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteachers.10.Theyarepracticingtheirabilityto________（detective）slightchangesintheocean.11.Womenaresometimesdeniedopportunities

s_____

becauseoftheirgender.12.Thev____isnotbigenoughtogetthesmokeout.13.Airisaf____butnotaliquid,whilewaterisbothafluidandaliquid.14.Ishalla_____hearingfromyou.15.Thethiefl____thewallandranaway.16.Inspring,theys____theircocoons.17.Ther_____ofcropskeepsthesoilhealthyandfertile.18.Ifaspacecrafttravelsfasterthan11kmasecond,itescapestheearth’s

____

pull.19.Nothinghisfriendsmightsaycould

a____

thefactthathehadfailed.20.Peoplestillm____forcoalinthisarea.21.Abusinesscannott_____withoutgoodmanagement.22.Thec____ofthebreadisburnt.三、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)翻譯=1\*Arabic1.探索未知不尋常的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造潛到海底阻止它們逃跑生活在這種極端的環(huán)境中6.僅僅依靠……7.避免被捕獲8.一點(diǎn)也不無(wú)聊9.包括365天10.顯示出明顯的增長(zhǎng)模式11.被替代12.利用重力13.關(guān)于14.簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)15.影響世界氣候16.上升超過(guò)20厘米17.用狗拉的雪橇18.減少負(fù)面影響19.把地球像雞蛋一樣砸開(kāi)20.地球內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)21.分析地震波22.地球構(gòu)成23.內(nèi)部的巨大壓力24.更好地了解地球的地質(zhì)25.揭示生命的起源26.令人興奮且有啟發(fā)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)27.與其他成分混合28.浮出水面29.一種光學(xué)現(xiàn)象30.吸引好奇的人31.豐富多樣的32.從巍峨的群山到壯觀的峽谷33.深入了解……34.inthetwilight________35.Darwin’stheoryof

evolution________36.captureone’sattention________37.inequalmeasure___________38.scarceresources________39.thermal

underwear________40.pavethewayfor…=laythefoundationfor…__________41.leapyear_______42.therotationoftheearthuponits

axis________43.laydown________44.asyet________45.loseup________46.sparenoeffortinsth_______47.sparenoefforttodosth__________48.Itiswidelyacceptedthat…__________49.cast/throw/shedlighton…___________50.nottoworry___________課文縮讀<重要詞匯和語(yǔ)法填空>根據(jù)所給詞及語(yǔ)境提示進(jìn)行單詞填空(每空一詞)Itisbelievedthatmorethaneightypercentoftheworld’soceansare(1)_____(explore).Ifwewanttofindexcitingnewlife(2)_____(form)aswellasundiscoveredandunusual(3)_____(geology)formations,theoceansareidealplacesweshouldlookfor.Theopenoceanisthefirst200metresofthewaterbodybeneaththesurfaceoftheoceans.Here(4)____(live)muchofthemarinelifeweknowabout,suchasdolphins,coralsandseaweeds.(5)_____(sink)below200metres,weenterthe(6)_____zone,wherethereislittlesunlightandthusalmostnoplantlife.Mostofthefish(7)_____(live)herearesmallfilterfeederswhichswimupatnighttofeedinthenutrient-richwatersabove.Oncepast1000metres,wehavereachedthedeepocean,(8)_____thereisnolightandtemperaturesdropjustabovethefreezing.The(9)_____(press)ishugeandcanbeover100timesthepressureoftheearth’satmosphere.How(10)_____(surprise)itisthatmanycreaturescanliveinthisextremeenvironment!Theycannotrely(11)_____(sole)ontheireyesighttosurviveandhaveevolvedfascinatingsurvivalcharacteristics.Indeed,many(12)_____(organism)inthedeepoceanareblind.(13)_____(obtain)foodandavoidbeingcaught,theyhavetodependonothersensessuchassmellandtheirability(14)____(detect)slightchangesinwaterpressure.Strangelyenough,somefishhavebothmaleandfemaleorganstoincreasethechancesof(15)______(produce).Onreachingtheoceanfloor,wemayseeshrimpsandotherorganismsaround(16)_____vents.Thediscoveryalteredourviewpointthatalllifeontheearthobtainsitsenergyfromthesun.Infact,lifeformscanobtainnutrientsandenergyfromthermal(17)_____.Fromthefactthatlifecanexistintheseextremeconditions,scientistsbelievethereislife(18)_____intheuniverse.Inadditiontotheventsandremarkableorganisms,wecannotmisstheMarianaTrench,(19)_____(locate)inthenorth-westernpartofthePacificOcean.Itsdeepestpoint,knownastheChallengerDeep,isnearly11000metresbelowsealevel.____youcansee,theworldbeneaththeseasurfaceoftheoceansisindeedanamazingplace.Theincrediblegeologicalformationsandunexpectedlifeformsfascinateyougreatly!五、完形填空Iwas18yearsold,fit,strongandambitious.Oneday,Ifelldownfornoapparentreason.Isawmanydifferentspecialistsandwasfinallydiagnosedwithlimbgirdlemusculardystrophy(MD).Itwasaverydifficulttime.Ihadnoideawhatlifewasgoingto__1_atmeandIwasscared.Bymylate30sitwas__2__andIhadtransitionedfromawalkingsticktoawheelchair.Iwantedtobemasterofmyownfate,soIhadtorecognizemy__3__andplaytomyweaknesses.WhatIwantedtomake___4__wasatriptothenorthpole.PeoplewithMDfeelthecold.SowhydidIwanttogotooneofthemostextreme,coldand__5__placesonEarth?I’dreadaboutChrisCope,whowantedtogotothenorthpoletoraisemoneyforMD,andithad__6__myadventurousspirit:Iwantedtoraiseawarenessaboutthe

__7__,butIalsowantedtofindoutwhatIwascapableof.I’mverycompetitive.Inthetwoyearsithadtakentoorganizetheexpedition,mymuscleshadworsenedbutwe__8___regardless.Theunpleasantlifecoachingandcoldtraininghelpedmeto__9__howmybodywouldbehaveinextremecold,whichmademeawareofwhatto__10__.Ihadanamazingteamaroundme,__11__thefourdifferentflightswetooktogettotheinnerArcticiceshelfwereneverthelessdiscouraging.Whilewewereontheicetherunway__12__andwehadtowaitforittorefreeze.Oncewereachedthenorthpole,Iwasbitterlycold,exhausted

andacomplete__13__.Iwasontheiceforthebestpartofthreelongdays,then__14__thefinal350m.Theexpeditionraised￡50000forcharity.MDisslowlydestroyingmylifebutIhavechosentofillitwith__15__andIlivelifetothefull.A.throw B.yell C.target

D.directA.modest

B.initial C.advanced D.minor3.A.privileges B.strengths C.achievements D.commitments4.A.differ B.work C.happen D.count5.A.autonomous B.mysterious C.fantastic D.inaccessible6.A.appealedto B.belongedto C.appliedto D.referredto7.A.significance B.conservation C.condition D.ambition8.A.pulledout B.tookoff C.pressedon D.hungabout9.A.clarify B.illustrate C.stress D.assess10.A.value B.expect C.require D.forgive11.A.though B.but C.so D.as12.A.floated B.split C.disappeared D.twisted13.A.pride B.failure C.mess D.envy14.A.ran B.climbed C.walked D.rolled15.A.responsibilities B.imaginations C.recreations D.experiences六、閱讀理解Inthepast15years,ChadPregrackehashelpedpullmorethan67000tiresfromtheMississippiRiverandotherwaterwaysacrosstheUnitedStates．Butthat’sjustscratchingthesurface.He’salsohelpedremove218washingmachines,19tractors,12hottubs,fourpianosandalmost1000refrigerators.ForPregracke,removingthisdebris--piecesofwood,metal,brick,etc.--hasbecomehislife’swork.Sometimescalled“TheRivers’Garbageman”,helivesonabarge

aboutninemonthsoutoftheyearwithmembersofhis12-personcrew.Together,theyorganizecommunitycleanupsalongriversacrossthecountry.It’sadirtyjob,butPregracketookitonbecauseherealizedthatnoonewasdoingit.Itbeganasasolo

effort,andovertheyearshisenergyandenthusiasmhavehelpeditgrow.Todate,about70000volunteershavejoinedhim,helpingcollectmorethan7millionpoundsofdebristhroughhisnonprofit.PregrackegrewupinEastMoline,Illinois,wheretheMississippiRiverwasinhisbackyard.Asateenager,heworkedasacommercialshell(狹長(zhǎng)而輕的賽艇)diverandbegantonoticetheheapsofdebrisinthewaterway--onethatsuppliesdrinkingwaterto18millionpeopleinmorethan50UScities.“Isawthousandsofbarrels,thousandsoftires,cars,trucksandtopsofschoolbuses…Igotsickofseeingitandjustwantedtodosomethingaboutit,”hesaid.Pregrackegotasmallfundfromacompanyin1997andspentthatsummercleaninga35-milestretchoftheriverbyhimself.Hewouldtransportthetrashbyboatandsortitonhisparents’lawntoberecycled.Byyear’send,hehadsingle-handedlypulledaround45000poundsoftrashoutoftheriver.Hisnonprofitnowhasafleetofboats.Andwhilehehasresourcesandknow-how,hedependsoneachcommunityhevisitstosupplythemanpowerneededtogetthejobdone.Atthecleanupsites,Pregracke’shumorcreatescheerfulatmosphere--somethingheknowsisnecessaryfortheworkthattheydo.Histeamusesmotivationalspeechesandmusictogetthevolunteersexcited.“Wedoeverythinginourpowertogetpeopleexcitedaboutit,”Pregrackesaid.“Wewantpeopletoleavefeelinggoodaboutwhattheydidsothey’llcontributemorehere.”Pregrackeviewshisworkasadifferentkindofservicetothecountry.“Alotofpeoplecallmeaconservationistoranenvironmentalist,butthethingisI’mnodifferentthananybodyelse,”hesaid.Ultimately,Pregrackebelieveshisstoryisproofthatanyonecanmakeadifference:“IfIhadonethingtosay,itwouldn’tevenbeaboutriversnecessarily.Itwouldbeaboutfindingacausethat’sdeartoyouandtakingaction.”1.WhatinitiallycausedPregracketocleanupthewaterway？A.People’signoranceofthedebrisatthebottomoftheriver.B.Hisambitiontobecomefamousthroughoutthecountry.C.SafetyproblemsofsailingboatsalongtheMississippiD.Hisworriesaboutthesourceofthedrinkingwater.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutPregrackefromthepassage？A.Heaimsatrecyclingwhathavebeenfoundinrivers.B.Hemaintainshiscausewiththehelpfromsociety.C.HemakesalivingbycleaningwaterwaysalloverthecountryD.Hethinksofhimselfasaconservationistorenvironmentalist．3.WhydoesPregracketrytocreateacheerfulatmosphereatthecleanupsites？A.Inordertomaketheheavyjoblighter.B.Inordertoattractthevolunteersback.C.Inordertoincreaseefficiencyinthejob.D.Inordertogettheparticipantsmotivated.4.Throughhisefforts,Pregrackewantstodisplay_______.A.hisloveforwaterways

B.hisvaluetosocietyC.hisattitudetoenvironment

D.hiscapacityforworking七、七選五一練WhenFailureIsaGoodThing?Failureisanimportantprocessyoucanlearnfrom.__1__Mostpeopleviewfailureassomethingthatshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.__2__Itmayhavebeenan“F”wereceivedonapaperorthehighexpectationsourparentsplaceduponourshouldersthatstoppedusfromtrying.Award-winningpsychologistandauthor,RonFriedman,tellsthestoryofhowSaraBlakely,founderofSpanx,revolutionizedthewomen’sclothingindustryandbecameabillionaireinhisbook,TheBestPlaceToWork:TheArtandScienceofCreatinganExtraordinaryWorkplace.__3__Shehadzeroexperienceintheclothingindustry,lackedaneducationinbusinessandraisedonly$5000toinvest.Whenaskedwhereshefoundthecourage,shegaveallcredittoherdad.Whilemostparentsasktheirkids,“Howwasyourday？”whensittingdownfordinner,Sara’sparentsaskedherandherbrother,“Whatdidyoufailattoday？”eachandeverynight.WheninterviewedbyCNN’sAndersonCooper,Sarasaid,“Insteadoffailurebeingtheoutcome,failurebecamenottrying.Itforcedmeatayoungagetowanttopushmyselfsomuchfurtheroutofmycomfortzone.”__4__Itbecamemoreaboutlearningandlessaboutapersonalweakness.Ifweviewfailureasweakness,weavoidsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.__5__Itdoesnotdefineus,butinsteadmaturesus.I’msurethattherearemanyriskswewouldalltakeinourpersonal,professionalandspirituallivesifwecouldgetpastafearoffailure.Whathasbeenthegreatestlessonyouhavelearnedwhentakingachance?Pleasesharewithus.A.And,mostimportantly,itmeansyoutried.B.Let’stakealookathowSarafacedfailures.C.Inreality,Sara’sfatherhadredefinedfailure.D.Earlyon,Saraovercameaseriesofdifficulties.E.Instead,wemustremindourselvesthatfailureisanaction.F.Itisimportanttoreflectonwhatcanbelearntfromfailure.G.Wetendtoconnectfailurewithabadexperiencewehadasachild.八、語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)1.ChinesepharmafirmKintorsurges229%aftersayingitsdrugreducesCoviddeaths開(kāi)拓藥業(yè)稱其藥物可降低新冠死亡率，股價(jià)遂飆升229%ChinesedrugmakerKintorPharmaceuticalLtd.soaredinHongKongafter(1)____(say)itspillwashighlyeffectivein(2)____(reduce)theriskofhospitalizationordeathsrelated(3)____Covid-19,raisingtheprospectofafirsthomegrownantiviraltreatment.Shareswereup141%asof11:06a.m.localtimeafterearliersurgingasmuch(4)____229%,thebiggestjumpsincethecompany’sHongKonglistinginmid-2020.Thestockwasalsothebest(5)____(perform)ontheHangSengCompositeIndex,(6)____slid1.6%.Thedrug,proxalutamide,cuttheriskofhospitalizationordeathsby50%to100%ascompared(7)____acontrolledgroup,(8)____(depend)onthedaysoftreatment,Kintorsaidinastatement,citingdatafromitslatestU.S.clinical(9)____(try).Effectivenesswasbetterforhigh-riskgroups,thefirmadded,reducinghospitalizationanddeathsby100%amongthoseaged50orabove(10)____obesity.2.“Stolen”CharlesDarwinnotebooksleftonlibraryfloorinpinkgiftbagTwo“stolen”notebookswrittenbyCharlesDarwinhavebeen(1)____(mysterious)returnedtoCambridgeUniversity,22years(2)____theywerelastseen.Thesmallleather-bound

booksareworthmanymillionsofpounds(3)____includethescientist’s“treeoflife”sketch.(4)____(they)returncomes15monthsaftertheBBCfirst

highlighted

theyhadgone(5)____(miss)andthelibrarylaunchedaworldwideappeal(6)____(find)them.Butwhoreturnedthetwopostcard-sizednotepadsis(7)____real

whodunit.Theywereleftanonymouslyinabrightpinkgiftbag(8)____(contain)theoriginalblueboxthenotebookswerekept(9)____andaplain

brownenvelope.Insidewerethetwonotebooks,wrappedtightlyinclingfilm.Thepackagehadbeenleftonthefloor,inapublicpartofthelibrary(10)____noClosedCircuitTelevision(CCTV).bound:

adj.

(ofbooks)providedwithabindingorcover（書）有……封面、裝訂的highlight:vt.

todrawattentionto突出，使注意力集中于whodunit:[hu??d?n?t]

n.

astoryorotherworkoffictionaboutthesolvingofamystery,esp.amurder;adetectiveormurderstory懸疑作品，偵探小說(shuō)plain:

adj.

(ofan