屆高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧課件

閱讀理解解題技巧之主旨大意型

主旨大意型

我們閱讀一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明確其主旨。因此，主旨大意題是?？碱}。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題(mainidea,mainlyabout),目的(purpose)或標題(title)設題。1)主題型的題干形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)寫作目的型的題干形式Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...What'sthepurposeofthepassage?3)標題型的題干形式Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?【設題形式】【如何做主旨大意題】1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標題，標題中蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。2)找準文章的主題句是關鍵?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。3)記敘文通常沒有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內容進行歸納，最后概括出來的中心意思一定要涵蓋全文或整個段落，切忌以偏概全或離題太遠、太籠統(tǒng)。4)無明顯主題句時找高頻信息詞.

“主題句定位法”

主題句在段首

主題句在段末

首尾呼應主題句在短文中間

(1)主題句在段首一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后是論證性細節(jié)。在說明文、論述文或新聞報道中多采用這種形式，作者在首段常常亮出觀點，表明立場。大多數(shù)文章的主題句就是文章的首句所以要認真閱讀段落首句?！镜漕}范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?A論證性細節(jié)2.Zinc(鋅)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFoodB論證性細節(jié)(2)

主題句在段末有的主題句放到文章的末尾，先擺出事實依據(jù)，層層推理論證，將主題引向高潮，起到總結作用，從而形成強有力的結論，這就要求考生耐心地讀完全文。【典題范析】1.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability，andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofone'swork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.Thepassagetellsusabout___oftheeducation.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetypeC層層推理論證2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?____A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A層層推理論證（3）首尾呼應為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結尾時再次點出主題,這種首尾呼應的寫作方式也較為多見.通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復,后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味.【典題范析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.

Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?____A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.D（4）主題句在短文中間當主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題,文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.【典題范析】Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.提出問題或現(xiàn)象作進一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展繼續(xù)陳述細節(jié)或引申

Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?______A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.D3)有的文章的中心思想隱含在文中（尤其是記敘文），讓讀者很難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種情況難度較大，考生要通觀全文，分清主旨細節(jié)，進行歸納推理。最后概括出來的中心意思一定要涵蓋全文或整個段落，切忌以偏概全或離題太遠、太籠統(tǒng)。解答此類題時考生需要把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度、語氣等，分析文章的篇章結構，抓住文章開頭的主題句或文章最后的結論，捕捉與題目有關的信息，從而找出能概括文章主旨的題目和中心思想?！镜漕}范析】Atthirteen，Iwasdiagnosed(診斷)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks，Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass，Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit，allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid，“Mrs.Smith，yousee，thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses，“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates，youngman.”Itried，butIdidn'tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom，thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson，Louis本文主要講述作者有注意力紊亂，不想努力，在老師的激勵下，克服困難的故事Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn'tgiveup.Instead，heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(點)，whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.Wasn'tIthe“blind”inmyclass，beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students？Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed，Iwasnodifferentfromothers；Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems，whyshouldIevergiveup?Ididn'texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith，soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextday—withan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?______A．Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B．Ateachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C．Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D．Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.C某個具體事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論非文章事實的主觀臆斷干擾項4)無明顯主題句時找高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。【典題范析】Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.

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