常用介詞的基本用法

初二英語(yǔ)常用介詞的基本用法（II）【本講教育信息】教學(xué)內(nèi)容：常用介詞的基本用法（II）具體過(guò)程：（六） 某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配1）beafraidof擔(dān)心beafraidfor替 而擔(dān)心2）beangryabout/atsth,因 而生氣 beangrywithsb.對(duì)某人發(fā)怒3）beanxiousfor、比.渴望 beanxiousaboutsth./、匕擔(dān)心4） bedifferentfrom與 不同beindifferentto...%不關(guān)心5） begoodat...擅長(zhǎng)begoodfor...對(duì) 有益begoodofsb.todosth.友好6） bestrictwithsb.對(duì) 嚴(yán)格bestrictinsth.7）bepopularwithsb.受至U 歡迎bepopularinsomeplace流行在 bepopularfor因 而流行8）bepleasedwith+n.或what從句；bepleasedat+抽象名詞聽、看到 而高興9） bedisappointedatsth.；bedisappointedwithsb.對(duì) 失望10） beknowntosb.；beknownwith+n.或從句；beknownfor因 而著名11） beabsentfrom缺席12） bedevotedto...獻(xiàn)身于 13） beopento...對(duì) 開放14） bepoor/clever/expertat.15）besorryfor.替/為 后悔16） berichin...beinterestedin...17） beproudof（takepridein）18）besatisfiedwith/by...besureof/about.19）befondof,befitfor,bebusywithsth.（indoingsth.）20） belatefor,bereadyfor21） besimilarto...；bewrongwith...（七） 以to為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的歸納belongto,cometo（蘇醒），lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,referto,turnto,drinkto（為 干杯），objectto（反對(duì)），replytotheletter,helponeselfto,sing/dancetothemusic（和著 在 聲中唱/跳），devoteoneselfto（八） 以for為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的歸納askfor,callfor（去接某人），carefor（關(guān)心），goinfor（從事），answerfor（對(duì) 負(fù)責(zé)），sendfor,payfor,praisesb.for（贊揚(yáng)某人某事），headfor（向 方向移動(dòng)），searchfor,take...for...（誤以為），leavefor,preparefor（為 準(zhǔn)備），thanksb.for,makeadivefor（向 猛沖），makeupfor（彌補(bǔ) 損失）（九） 以on為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的歸納comeon來(lái)吧，callon拜訪，passon傳遞，carryon進(jìn)行下去，liveonsth,靠 生活,dependon依靠,haveon穿著,havepityon同情,lookon...as...把 看作，pushon推動(dòng)，spyon窺探，switch/turnon旋開，waiton服侍，walkon繼續(xù)走，spend.on...在 上花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢,operateon給 動(dòng)手術(shù)，takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌（十）吊尾介詞1） 某些形容詞后接不及物動(dòng)詞或“v+介”型短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介詞。A） fit,easy,hard,good,difficult,comfortable,heavy等形容詞后，常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.B） beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone,beworthytobedone,want/require/needdoing表反射，常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Theproblemisworthdealingwith.Thebookisworthyofbeingreferredto.2） 不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對(duì)象、場(chǎng)所、工具、手段、方式、材料等意義的名詞時(shí)常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.aroomtolivein3） 定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞被一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞所修飾，則不及物動(dòng)詞后要帶介詞，先行詞被“V+介”組成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所修飾，介詞常在句尾。e.g.HeistheverymanIjustspoketo.Thisisthelifeheisusedto.4）以what，whose，who,whatever等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句中常出現(xiàn)“吊尾介詞”。e.g.Idon’tknowwhatyoudoitfor.5） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和特殊疑問(wèn)句中由于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分和疑問(wèn)詞位置變更，常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)句常用省簡(jiǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Itisthepoorboythatwegavethebooksto.Whatfor?（為什么？）Whereto?（去哪兒？）Whowith?（和誰(shuí)去？）6） 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中“V+介”短語(yǔ)常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Hewaslistenedtocomehere.Hehasneverbeenspokentointhisway.（^一）雙重介詞雙重介詞是兩個(gè)介詞的重疊使用，表達(dá)兩個(gè)介詞共有的更精確更明了的含義，從表達(dá)意義的角度分析，雙重介詞用在一個(gè)介詞難以全面表達(dá)含義的場(chǎng)合，或者是需要從兩個(gè)角度來(lái)描述其具體意義的場(chǎng)合，一般地，前一個(gè)介詞意義含糊，后一個(gè)介詞比較具體或從另一個(gè)角度對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充完善。e.g.Newshootswillcomeupfromroundroots.新芽從舊根周圍長(zhǎng)出。（from和round同屬地點(diǎn)位置范疇，但一個(gè)介詞均不足以全面表意。）Hewon’tcomebackuntilaftersunset.到太陽(yáng)落山之后他才回來(lái)。（until與after同屬時(shí)間范疇。）HehastraveledeverywhereexceptinJapan.Waterbegantoflowoutinsteadofintothebottle.（十二）常用介詞辨異about,on,of關(guān)于on多用于慎重的、正式的語(yǔ)言交際場(chǎng)合。常見于“學(xué)術(shù)上”的“論文”或“演說(shuō)”等題目，可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀，有“論及”之意。about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有“述及”之意。of作“關(guān)于”講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時(shí)，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情;有時(shí)與about意義相近，但有時(shí)意義很不同，常與動(dòng)詞know、hear、learn（聽說(shuō)）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。except,exceptfor,exceptthat,but,besides,besideexcept“除……之外”，指不包括……，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格）還可接介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于but，但不定式常不帶to。exceptfor“除了，只有”，意思和except一樣，主要指說(shuō)明基本情況后，在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語(yǔ)。exceptthat"除了，只是”，意思和except、exceptfor一樣。但在用法上，主要指其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where等詞引導(dǎo)的其它從句。but所含"除……外”的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞）之后。besides表示“除……外還有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當(dāng)于also,有“而且，加之，何況”之意。beside也是介詞，表示“在附近”，只不過(guò)形似besides，容易相互混淆?！緦?duì)比】如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用except，否則就用exceptfor。e.g.Thisbookhasnoblunderexceptafewmistakes.Thisbookisinterestingexceptforafewmistakes.（前面無(wú)同類詞語(yǔ)）Everyoneofus,excepthim,wenttoseetheexhibition.形容詞解釋：（一） 只能用作定語(yǔ)，不能用作表語(yǔ)的形容詞：little，wooden，golden，many，elder不能說(shuō)Theboyislittle。thewatchisgolden/wooden（二） 只能用作表語(yǔ)，不能用作定語(yǔ)的形容詞：well，ill，alone,content，unable，worth，afraid，alive,asleep,ashamed,awake,aware.anillboy,analonevillage就是錯(cuò)的短語(yǔ),anillidea"壞點(diǎn)子”ill當(dāng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)是轉(zhuǎn)義了，不是“有病的”了。（三） 表示倍數(shù)常用的句型：HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.IamtwiceasoldasyouIamtwiceolderthanyou.Iamtwicetheageofyou.MybooksaretwiceasmanyasyoursChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.（四） 與動(dòng)詞有區(qū)別，表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的形容詞:open,dead,still靜，一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，常修飾動(dòng)詞sit,standThedoorisopen/closed.不要選opened或close.有特殊意義的形容詞有:closed關(guān),close的形容詞的意思是“近”，不是“關(guān)”。near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多數(shù)（五） very修飾原級(jí)、形容詞、副詞，修飾v-ing，放在名詞前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。much修飾動(dòng)詞，修飾比較級(jí)最高級(jí)，修飾過(guò)去分詞。（六） 以-ly結(jié)尾的詞一般是副詞，但有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，如：lonely，friendly，Theytalkinafriendlyway.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly（七） 在be，seem及物當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的look，taste，smell，feel，sound，appear等動(dòng)詞后用形容詞，Ilookedattheflower.Theflowerlooksbeautiful.Heappeared（出現(xiàn)）suddenly.Heappeared（顯得）happy.（八） 表示主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)期的靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的sit,stand,lie接形容詞quiet,silent,still,red,peaceful等ThevalleylayquietandpeacefulShesatsilent.Theystoodstill.（九） become,fall,get,go,turn表示”變得”時(shí)后跟形容詞.Theleavesfell/got/went/turnedyellow.Itfell/got/went/turnedcold.（十）present表示“出席的,到場(chǎng)的”的時(shí)候常放在名詞后,thememberspresent表示“現(xiàn)在的”則放在名詞前thepresentmembers（十一）live有時(shí)可用作形容詞：alivefish活魚（形容動(dòng)物，不形容人）ThebroadcastcomestoyoulivefromBeijing.實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播Thatwireislive.電線是帶電的。lively生動(dòng)的，活潑的Hisclassisoftenlively.（十二）the+adj表示一類人,是復(fù)數(shù)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.theblind/wounded/young/old（十三）多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置:排列順序大致為:all/quite/such/rather限定詞（包括冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞等）+描繪形容詞（短詞在前，長(zhǎng)詞在后）+特征形容詞（包括大小、形狀、新舊、年齡等）+顏色形容詞+類屬形容詞（包括專有形容詞和材料質(zhì)地形容詞）+名詞性定語(yǔ)（包括動(dòng)名詞）+名詞。Itissuchacharminglittleshortoldroundyellow…如：冠……抽……大……高……老……形……色……Frenchoakwritingtable.

……國(guó).……材……用為方便背誦，特簡(jiǎn)化成9字訣:抽大高，老形色,國(guó)材用抽：即抽象性質(zhì)如beautiful,wonderful,terrible之類較空泛的詞。大：big，little，small高：tall，high，short，low老：old，new，young形：square，round等色：white，black，brown，red，gray，green，blue等國(guó)：出產(chǎn)地方，往往是國(guó)家的形容詞。漢語(yǔ)總是把產(chǎn)地排前,其它置后：中國(guó)美酒材：wooden，plastic，brick，silk，wool等材料，很多是名詞用：物品的用途writing，fishing，walking，swimming用來(lái)寫字的，釣魚的，走路的，游泳的，往往是動(dòng)名詞。Shehasajacket.(leather，brown，beautiful)Hehasacar.(long，red,American)Theyliveinahouse.(old，beautiful)Wehaveatable,(antique,small，wooden)Hehasajumper,(lovely,red,woollen)Shehasaring.(fabulous,new,diamond)Itwasasong.(French，old,lovely)Heownsa dog.(black，horrible，big)Sheboughtascarf.(gorgeous,pink,silk，)Isawafilm.(fantastic,new,British)Answer:beautifulbrownleatherjacket.longredAmericancar.beautifuloldhouse.smallantiquewoodentable.lovelyredwoollenjumper.fabulousnewdiamondring.lovelyoldFrenchsong.horriblebigblackdog.gorgeouspinksilkscarf.fantasticnewBritishfilm.注：上述原則不是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的，要把普遍真理與特殊實(shí)際結(jié)合起來(lái)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，“抽……色，國(guó)，材，用”的位置是較確定的，“大，高，老，形”則不太確定，它們有時(shí)歸類于“抽象”的一大類，在抽象的大詞類中按短詞在前，長(zhǎng)詞在后的原則甚至按照讀音舒服順口原則排列。例：atallintelligentyoungChineseofficer一個(gè)聰慧的個(gè)子很高的年輕的中國(guó)軍官【模擬試題】(答題時(shí)間：50分鐘)(一)Thisboxisthatone.A.heavythanC.heavierassoheavythanA.heavythanC.heavierasD.asheavyas

shouldbe.B.aspoliteaspossiblyD.aspolitelyaspossiblythanthatone.shouldbe.B.aspoliteaspossiblyD.aspolitelyaspossiblythanthatone.aspoliteaspossibleaspolitelyaspossibleThisbookisthatone,butasdifficultas;expensiveasmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveasdifficultas;moreexpensivemoredifficultas;asexpensiveIthinkthestoryisnotsoasthaterestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinterestingHisfatherbegantoworkhewassevenyearsold.asoldas B.asearlyas C.sinceD.whileIthinkscienceis_thanJapanese.A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportantThispencilis___thanthatone.A.longest B.long C.longer D.aslongMymotherisnoyoung.A.shorter B.longer C.little D.fewThesechildrenare thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretaller C.verytallerD.muchtallerItwasveryhotyesterday,butitis___today.A.evenhotter B.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhotMrsBlackhasgotinsteadofgettinganybetter.A.morebad B.alittleworseC.muchbadly D.alotofworse（三）Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith___students.A.quiteafew B.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquiteThehouseis smallforafamilyofsix.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.soThroughthewindowwecanseenothingbut buildings.A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall What’syourbrotherlike? Heis.A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschoolThejacketwassothathedecidedtobuyit.A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheapOurclassroomislargerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much（四）Theearthisabout asthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig

Yourroomismine.A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeofC.biggertwicethan D.astwicelargeasYourroomisthanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimesHisfatheristhanhismother.A.olderfouryears B.asfouryearsolderC.fouryearsolder D.biggerfouryears（五）Mathsismorepopularthan.A.anyothersubject B.allthesubjectsC.anysubject D.othersubjectChinaislargerthaninAfrica.A.anyothercountry B.othercountriesC.theothercountry D.anycountryTomisstrongerthaninhisclass.D.otherboyA.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy（六）Whenspringcomes,itgets.A.warmandwarm B.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmer D.shorterandshorterByandby,A.moreandmoreC.manyandmanyAtlasthebegantocryA.hardandhardC.harderandharderstudentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.B.muchandmuchByandby,A.moreandmoreC.manyandmanyAtlasthebegantocryA.hardandhardC.harderandharderstudentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.B.muchandmuchD.lessandleastWhenspringcomesthedaysgetA.short;longB.morehardandmorehardD.lesshardandlessharderandnights.B.long;shortC.longer;shorter（七）Ilikeit.D.shorter;longer1.Ilookatthepicture,A.Thebest;themore B.Themore;thelessC.Themore;less D.More;themorehereadthebook,hegotinit.Themore;themoreinterestingTheless;themoreinterestingThemore;themoreinterestedMore;moreinterestedyoucomeback,itwillbe.A.Thequicker;thebestC.Faster;thebetterB.Thesooner;thebetterD.Thesooner;better（八）Ilikeoneofthetwobooks.

Ilikeoneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.olderWhichiscountry,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelarger3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.largerD.largestC.small（九）D.smaller1.WhichdoyoulikeA.wellB.better,teaorcoffee?C.bestD.most2.ThisworkisA.difficultformethanforyou.mostdifficultmuchdifficultD.moredifficultWhichdoyouthinktastes,thechickenorthefish?A.good B.betterC.bestD.wellTheGreatPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonceA.higher B.highest C.hightooD.morehighA.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.olderWhichiscountry,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelarger3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.largerD.largestC.small（九）D.smaller1.WhichdoyoulikeA.wellB.better,teaorcoffee?C.bestD.most2.ThisworkisA.difficultformethanforyou.mostdifficultmuchdifficultD.moredifficultWhichdoyouthinktastes,thechickenorthefish?A.good B.betterC.bestD.wellTheGreatPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonceA.higher B.highest C.hightooD.morehighDon’tyouthinkitnottowritetheletter?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.good（十）Whojumpedofall?A.farB.farther C.farthest D.themostfarLiLeiisstudentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallestThefifthorangeisofall.Giveittothatsmallchild.A.bigB.bigger C.thebiggerD.thebiggestWhoisofyouthree?A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldest D.olderTomisoneofboysinourclass.A.tallest B.tallerC.thetallestB.thetallEnglishisoneofspokenintheworld.A.theimportantlanguagesC.mostimportantlanguageBeijingisoneofinChina.A.thelargestcityC.thelargercitiesthemostimportantlanguagesthemostimportantlanguagethelargecitiesthelargestcities（十二）A.areB.is C.hasD.have2.likeplayingfootballandwatchingTV.A.Mostboys B.Mostofthey C.Mostboyareherewateringtheflowershere.A.Some B.Someoftheboys C.Someboyhaven’tbeentoAmerican.D.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.MostofthemD.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.Mostofthem（十三）1.ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.Nootherflower B.NoanotherflowerNototherflower D.NotallflowersThetreeisinthegarden.A.thetallerB.thetallestC.tallerthanofall D.tallMarystudiesharderinherclass.A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirl C.thantheotherD.thananyone（十四）Whichis,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strong B.strongestC.stronger D.thestrongestWhichlanguageis,English,FrenchorJapanese?A.easyB.themosteasyC.theeasiesto D.muchmoreeasyWhichisinteresting,science,mathsorEnglish?A.moreB.themostC.veryD.tooWhichcityis,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?A.beautiful B.morebeautifulmuchmorebeautiful D.themostbeautifulWhichmonthis,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottest D.thehottest（十五）Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingMike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingC.somethingimportant,Thereisintoday’snewspaper.A.interestingsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanythingB.importantanythingD.anythingimportantB.nothinginterestingC.interestinganythingD.anythinginteresting—Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingMike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingC.somethingimportant,Thereisintoday’snewspaper.A.interestingsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanythingB.importantanythingD.anythingimportantB.noth