高考英語(yǔ)閱讀分冊(cè)

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀分冊(cè)

目錄

第一部分篇章結(jié)構(gòu)1~8

第二部分段落結(jié)構(gòu)9~13

第三部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)14-22

第四部分詞匯23-29

第五部分閱讀訓(xùn)練題30-79

第六部分歷屆高考閱讀真題80-108

第七部分高級(jí)閱讀精選109-126

第八部分完型填空練習(xí)題127-138

第九部分歷屆高考完型填空139-145

附錄習(xí)題答案146-147

第一部分篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

一、科普類文章

1.引出中心內(nèi)容的方法

(1)AbutBo

這個(gè)時(shí)候B是文章的中心。為了不讓文章顯得太突兀，一般會(huì)先講A,即普通的內(nèi)容(科普類

文章一般介紹的是我們不太熟悉的內(nèi)容)。另外，A也有可能是一?種欲揚(yáng)先抑的寫作手法，與B的

意思正好相反。

Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,unlesstheyhuntthemfor

food.Sometimes,however,twokindsofanimalscometogetherinapartnership(伙伴關(guān)系)

whichdoesgoodtobothofthem.Youmayhavenoticedsomebirdssittingonthebacksof

sheep.Thisisnotbecausetheywantaride,butbecausetheyfindeasyfoodintheparasites

(寄生蟲)onsheep.Thesheepallowthebirdstodosobecausetheyremovethecauseof

discomfort.Soalthoughtheycanmanagewithouteachother,theydobettertogether.

Theideaoffightinganoisebymakingmorenoisesoundsstrange,butthafsexactlywhat

motorengineersaredoinginGermanyandsomeothercountries.

(2)用熟悉的事物作類比。

這是一種我們可以借鑒的寫作方法。

Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepoker—itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhat

othersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocessissimilar.

Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byany

standards,goodthinkers.

2.說(shuō)明中心內(nèi)容的方法

(高考文章以說(shuō)明為主，在高級(jí)閱讀考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的議論文在高考中比較少見)

(1)舉例說(shuō)明。這是最常見的方法，除了我們熟悉的forexample,forinstance,suchas以夕卜，

更主要的是在內(nèi)容上的抽象程度的不同。例子總是說(shuō)得很具體，比如說(shuō)有數(shù)字，具體的人物、事

件等。有的時(shí)候，在事實(shí)和例子中間，還有一個(gè)具體說(shuō)明的中間層次。

(2)講原理

Car-maker'sresearchanddevelopmentlaboratorieshavealreadyprovedthatmixinginmore

noisewiththehelpofloudspeakerscanreducetheunwantednoise.

⑶講好姒advantage)

Anothergoodthingabouttheusesofnoise-killingsystemsisthatitsavestheneedfora

silencer,whichnotonlyreducestheweightofacar,butalsomakesthemotorburnlessoiland

workbetter.

(4)講問(wèn)題(disadvantage)

Someengineersbelievethatthenoise-killingsystemwillbeusedinmostcarsin1996.But

thecarmakershaven'tdecidediftheywillputitintoproductionbecauseitwouldaddseveral

hundreddollarstothecostoftheircars.

(5)講應(yīng)用(application)

(6)分類說(shuō)明：中心的兩個(gè)方面

Therearetwotypesoffat:externalfat(fatunderskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall).

Doctors,whohavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,havefound

thatthe“pears”havelessinternalfat,butthe“apples”havemoreinternalfatthanexternalfat.

Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.

（7）強(qiáng)對(duì)比說(shuō)明

Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.

Quitethereverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithvery

imperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowable

factorswhichwouldevenpuzzlebestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinitcomfortable

toadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplaying

chess,notpoker.

二、社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)類文章

這一類文章比較高級(jí)，所以在高考中出現(xiàn)得很少。

Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecome“computer-literate.”

Butnotallexperts（專家）agreethatthisisagoodidea.

Onepioneer,inparticular,whodisagreesisDavidTebbutt,thefounderofComputertownUK.

Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer,

Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedforjusttheopposite

reason,tobringcomputerstopeopleandmakethemupeople-literate."

DavidTebbuttthinksComputertownsaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclubbut

heinsiststhereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo.Theclubsareforpeoplewhohave

somecomputerknowledgealready.Thisfrightensawaynon-experts,whoarehappiergoingto

Computertownswheretherearecomputersforthemtoexperimenton,withexpertsto

encouragethemandansweranyquestionstheyhave.Theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfind

out.Thecomputerexpertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeable

toanswerallquestionspeopleask.Peopledon'thavetolearncomputerterms（術(shù)語(yǔ)），butthe

expertshavetoexplaininplainlanguage.Thecomputersarebecoming”people-literate.n

三、社會(huì)問(wèn)題類文章

1.引出問(wèn)題：某一部作品中的觀點(diǎn)

OlafStapledonwroteabookcalledFirstandLastMen,inwhichhelookedmillionsofyears

ahead.Hetoldofdifferentmenandofstrangecivilizations,brokenupbylong'darkages'in

between.Inhisview,whatiscalledthepresenttimeisnomorethanamomentinhumanhistory

andwearejustheFirstMen.In2,000millionyearsnowtherewillbetheEighteenthorLast

Men.

However,mostofourideasaboutthefuturearereallyveryshort-sighted.Perhapswecansee

somepossibilitiesforthenextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?Thenextthousand?Thenext

million?Thafsmuchmoredifficult.

2.解決問(wèn)題的重要性

Sowhybothereventotryimagininglifefarinthefuture?Herearetworeasons.First,

unlesswerememberhowshortourownlivesarecomparedwiththewholehumanhistory,we

arelikelytothinkourowninterestsaremuchmoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Ifwemake

theearthapoorplacetoliveonbecausewearecarelessorgreedyorquarrelsome,our

grandchildrenwillnotbothertothinkofexcusesforus.

Second,bytryingtoescapefrompresentinterestsandimaginelifefarinthefuture,wemay

arriveatquitefreshideasthatwecanuseourselves.Forexample,ifweimaginethatinthe

futuremenmaygiveupfarming,wecanthinkoftryingitnow.Sosetyourimaginationfree

whenyouthinkaboutthefuture.

3.解決問(wèn)題

Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproduction

andlackofconsumerdemandforenvironment（環(huán)境）friendlyproductshavecontributedtothe

pollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastic,andmetal

containersareproduced,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.

However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green”anddemandingthatthe

productstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyask

questionslikethese:"Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?”“Canthismetalcontainer

bereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?”

Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyof

aproductbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangethewaytheymake

andselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare"green,'*thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.

Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinSupermarkets,butnow

therearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductcoplabels（標(biāo)簽）toshowthattheproductis

green.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生產(chǎn)）ofcleanandsafeproductstheir

mainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.

四、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類文章

1.社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的引出：具體的例子，話語(yǔ)，奇特之處，A影響B(tài)。

AllangoeseverywherewithBirgittaAnderson,a54-year-oldsecretary.Hemovesaround

herofficeatworkandgoesshoppingwithher."Mostpeopledon'tseentomindAllan,'*says

Birgitta,whothinksheiswonderful."He'smyfourthchild/'shesays.Shemaythinkofhimand

treathimthatway,buyinghisfood,payinghishealthEllsandhistaxes,butinfactAllanisa

dog.

BirgittaandAllanliveinSwede,acountywhereeveryoneisexpectedtoleadanorderlylife

accordingtoruleslaiddownbythegovernment,whichalsoprovides（提供）ahighlevelofcare

foritspeople.Thislevelofcarecostsmoney./

BettyandHaroldhavebeenmarriedforMrs.Butonethingstillpuzzles（困擾）oldHarold.

HowisitthathecanleaveBettyandherfriendJoansittingonthesofa,talking,goouttoa

ballgame,comebackthreeandahalfhourslater,andthey*restillsittingonthesofa?Talking?

Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?

Bettyshrugs.Talk?WeYefriends.

Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,psychologistLillianRubinspenttwoyears,

interviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.Nomatterwhattheirage,theirjob,their

sex,theresultswerecompletelyclear:womenhavemorefriendshipsthanmen,andthe

differenceinthecon-tentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis"markedandunmistakable.7

Maybeten-year-oldElizabethputitbestwhenshesaidtoherfather,"But,Dad,youcan't

behealthyifyou'redead.*'

Dad,inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgoforarun,hadforgottentowearhis

safetybelt-amistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.Thebigquestioniswhy./

Whenagroupofchildrenpolitelystopaconversationwithyou,saying:"Wehavetogoto

worknow,"you'releftfeelingsurprisedandcertainlyuneasy.Afterall,thisisthe1990sandthe

ideaofchildrenworkingisjustunthinkable.Thatis,untilyouaretoldthattheyareallpupilsof

stageschools,andthatthe“work”theygoofftoistogoonthestageinatheatre./

Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnited

Stateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.Theagingofthe

populationwillaffect（影響）Americansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,andbusiness.

Quietly,thegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety-oneinwhichpeoplehave

aquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehavior（行為）issuitable（合適）atvariousages.

2.說(shuō)明的方法

（1）舉例

Aspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the*'do-it-yourself"（DIY）trend（趨勢(shì)）intheU.S.

continuestogrow.

"Weneededfurniture（家具）forourlivingroom；*saysJohnRoss,"andwejustdidn'thave

enoughmoneytobuyit.Sowedecidedtotrymakingafewtablesandchairs.0Johngotmarried

sixmonthsago,andlikemanyyoungpeoplethesedays,theyarestrugglingtomakeahomeat

atimewhenthecostoflivingisveryhigh.TheRossestooka2-weekcoursefor$280atanight

school.Nowtheybuildalltheirfurnitureandmakerepairsaroundthehouse.

JimHatfield...

（2）中心的一個(gè)側(cè)面

...Thatis,untilyouaretoldthattheyareallpupilsofstageschools,andthatthe"work”they

goofftoistogoonthestageinatheatre.

Stageschoolsoftenactasagencies（代理機(jī)構(gòu)）tosupplychildrenforstageandtelevision

work...

Avisittosuchschoolswillleaveyouinnodoubtthatthechildrenenjoythemselves.../

Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,psychologistLillianRubin...thedifferenceinthe

contentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis"markedandunmistakable.5,

Morethantwo-thirdsofthesinglemenRubininterviewedcouldnotnameabestfriend...

“Ingeneral,"writesRubininhernewbook,“women'sfriendshipswitheachotherreston

sharedemotionsandsupport,butmen'srelationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities.5,

"Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,"Rubinwrites,"thetwosharelittleabouttheir

innermostfeelings...

(3)解釋原因

...Thebigquestioniswhy.

Therehavebeenmanymythsaboutsafetybeltseversincetheirfirstappearanceincars

somefortyyearsago.Thefollowingarethreeofthemostcommon.

MythNumberOne...

(4)評(píng)價(jià)

Whilemostpeopleuselittlewhiteliestomakelifeeasier,themajorityofAmericanscare

abouthonestyinbothpublicandpersonallife.Theysaythatpeopletodayarelesshonestthan

theyweretenyearsago.Althoughitisbelievedthatthingsaregettingworse,lyingseemstobe

anage-oldhumanproblem.Frenchphilosopher(哲學(xué)家)Vauvenarges,writingintheeighteenth

century,touchedonthetruthwhenhewrote,nAIImenareborntruthfulanddieliars(說(shuō)謊者)

(5)存在的問(wèn)題

Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulintheprofessionfor

whichtheyarebeingtrained.Sowhathappenstothosewhodon'tmakeit?Whilealltheleading

schoolssaytheyplacegreatimportanceonchildrengettinggoodstudyresults,thefactsseem

tosuggestthisisnotalwaysthecase.

(6)排比說(shuō)明

Aperson'sagenolongertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageorhealth.

There*snolongeraparticularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgetsmarried

orstartsafamily.Thesocialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool.It

doesn'tsurpriseustohearofa29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,

ora70-year-oldmanwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.

五、事件類文章

(包括歷史事件，日常事件，災(zāi)禍，軼事)。關(guān)鍵是找時(shí)間點(diǎn)。沒(méi)有時(shí)間點(diǎn)的找最特殊的地方。

ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.GermanbattleshipBismarck,themost

powerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroythe

shipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowar-tornEngland.

TheBritishhadfearedsuchatask.NowarshiptheyhadcouldmatchtheBismarckinspeed

orinfirepower.TheBismarckhadeight15-inchgunsand81smallerguns.Shecouldmoveat

30nauticalmiles(海里)anhour.Shewasbelievedtobeunsinkable.

However,theBritishhadtosinkher.Theysentoutataskforceheadedbytheirbest

battleshipHoodtohuntdowntheBismarck.OnMay24,theHoodfoundtheBismarck.

ItwasameetingthattheGermancommanderLuetjensdidnotwanttosee.Hisorderswere

todestroytheBritishshipsthatwerecarryingsupplies,buttostayawayfromafightwithBritish

warships.

Thebattledidn'tlastlong.TheBismarck'sfirsttorpedo（魚雷）hittheHood,whichwentdown

takingallbutthreeofher1,419menwithher.

Butinthefight,theBismarckwasslightlydamaged（損壞）.Hercommanderdecidedtorun

forrepairstoFrance,whichhadatthattimebeentakenbytheGermans.TheBritishforce

followedher.However,becauseoftheBismarck'sspeedandtheheavyfog,theylostsightof

her.

Fortwodays,everyBritishshipintheAtlantictriedtofindtheBismarck,butwithnosuccess.

Finally,shewassightedbyaplanefromIreland.TryingtoslowtheBismarckdownsothattheir

shipscouldcatchupwithher,theBritishfiredatherfromtheair.TheBismarckwashit.

OnthemorningofMay27,thelastbattlewasfought.FourBritishshipsfiredonthe

Bismarck,andshewasfinallysunk./

Wewalkedinsoquietlythatthenurseatthedeskdidn*tevenlifthereyesfromthebook.

MumpointedatabigchairbythedoorandIknewshewantedmetositdown.WhileIwatched

mouthopeninsurprise,Mumtookoffherhatandcoatandgavethemtometohold.She

walkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookoutawetmop.Shepushedthemoppast

thedeskandasthenurselookedup,Mumnoddedandsaid,HVerydirtyfloors.*'

"Yes,I'mgladthey'vefinallydecidedtocleanthem,'*thenurseanswered.Shelookedat

Mumstrangelyandsaid,"Butaren'tyouworkinglate?"

Mumjustpushedharder,eachswipe（拖一下）ofthemoptakingherfartherandfarther

downthehall.Iwatcheduntilshewasoutofsightandthenursehadturnedbacktowritingin

thebigbook.

AfteralongtimeMumcameback.Hereyeswereshining.Shequicklyputthemopback

andtookmyhand.Asweturnedtogooutofthedoor,Mumbowedpolitelytothenurseandsaid,

"Thankyou.”

Outside,Mumtoldme:"Dagmarisfine.Nofever.*'

"Yousawher,Mum?',

"Ofcourse.Itoldheraboutthehospitalrules,andshewillnotexpectusuntiltomorrow.

Dadwillstopworryingaswell.Ifsafinehospital.Butsuchfloors!Amopisnogood.Youneeda

brush.H

六、事物類文章

1.舊事物：注意與現(xiàn)在事物的不同之處

In19thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside.Inthosedays,ladiesworelong

bathingdresses,andmenworebathingsuits...

2.新事物

(1)引出新事物

Excusedfromrecyclingbecauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute?Youwon'tbe

forlong.Miami'sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthoselivingintallbuildingstousethe

chuteandrecycletoo./

Holidaymakerswhoareboredwithbakingbeachesandoverheatedhotelroomsheadfora

bigigloo.SwedishbusinessmanNileBergqvistisdelightedwithhisnewhotel,theworlcfsfirst

igloohotel.

(2)結(jié)構(gòu)或原理(怎么造的)

Sixworkmenspentmorethaneightweekspiling1,000tonsofsnowontoawoodenbase;

whenthesnowfroze,thebasewasremoved.

(3)優(yōu)勢(shì)(advantage)

Thepopularityoftheiglooisbeyonddoubt:itisnowattractingtouristsfromalloverthe

world.

3.事物的起源：找時(shí)間點(diǎn)，注意轉(zhuǎn)折之處。

Today,rollerskatingiseasyandfun.Butalongtimeago,itwasn*teasyatall.Before1750,

theideaofskatingdidn'texist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlin's

workwasmakingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimebelikedtoplaytheviolin.Joseph

Merlinwasamanofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.

OnedayMerlinreceivedaninvitationtoattendafancydressball(化裝舞會(huì)).Hewasvery

pleasedandalittleexcited.Asthedayofthepartycamenear,Merlinbegantothinkhowto

makeagrandentranceattheparty.Hehadanidea.Hethoughthewouldgetalotofattentionif

hecouldskateintotheroom.

Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselfroll.Finally,hedecidedtoputtwowheelsunder

eachshoe.Thesewerethefirstrollerskates.Merlinwasveryproudofhisinventionand

dreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.

OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewas

astonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.

Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfell

themirror,breakingtopiece.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrandentranceforalongtime.

七、新聞報(bào)道類文章：抓住報(bào)道主體。

JINTAN,JIANGSU:The20students-18boysand2girls-hadathousandreasonstobe

proudofthemselves.Theyhadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(階梯)outof4million

studentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldGupMathematicsContest(競(jìng)賽)

onTuesdayevening.

The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof

14.“Maryoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjust

unbelievable!”saidateacherfromGuangdongprovince.

NamedafterChina'smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin

1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognisedbytheState

EducationCommission（國(guó)家教委）asthecountry'sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.

八、應(yīng)用文和說(shuō)明文：安排，廣告，介紹，產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明。

九、其他可能出現(xiàn)的文章類型：

1.人物（抓住人物生平發(fā)生的幾件大事）

2.地理

3.節(jié)日

4.風(fēng)俗和社會(huì)文化

第二部分段落結(jié)構(gòu)

一、引子-主題型

1.AalsoB結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)一般在B上。

MostofthediaryisarecordofbigeventsinPhiladelphia.ItalsoincludesadescriptionofBritish

soldiersburningWashington,D.C.inthewarof1812.ShedescribesPresidentJamesMadison

onhorsebackas"perfectlyshakingwithfear”duringthetroubleddays.GeorgeWashington,

shewrites,mistookherforthewifeofaFrenchman,andpraisedherexcellentEnglish.

2.AbutB結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)量甚多，一般來(lái)說(shuō)B是本段的重點(diǎn)。

AllangoeseverywherewithBirgittaAnderson,a54-year-oldsecretary.Hemovesaroundher

officeatworkandgoesshoppingwithher."Mostpeopledon*tseentomindAllan,"saysBirgitta,

whothinksheiswonderful."He'smyfourthchild/'shesays.Shemaythinkofhimandtreathim

thatway,buyinghisfood,payinghishealthbillsandhistaxes,butinfactAllanisadog./

Theideaoffightinganoisebymakingmorenoisesoundsstrange,butthafsexactlywhatmotor

engineersaredoinginGermanyandsomeothercountries./

Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecome"computer-literate."But

notallexperts（專家）agreethatthisisagoodidea./

IfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,

youwillgetanswerslike"Shakespeare,,5'SamuelJohnson,"and"Webster/*butnoneofthese

menhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn'tevenspeakEnglish-Williamthe

Conqueror./

Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.Butunfortunatelyitseemsthat

dietingsimplymakes.../

Someengineersbelievethatthenoise-killingsystemwillbeusedinmostcarsin1996.But

thecarmakershaven'tdecidediftheywillputitintoproductionbecauseitwouldaddseveral

hundreddollarstothecostoftheircars./

DavidTebbuttthinksComputertownsaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclubbuthe

insiststhereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo./

Holidaymakerswhoareboredwithbakingbeachesandoverheatedhotelroomsheadforabig

igloo.SwedishbusinessmanNileBergqvistisdelightedwithhisnewhotel,theworld'sfirstigloo

hotel.BuiltinasmalltowninLapland,ithasbeenattractinglotsofvisitors,butsoonthefunwill

beover.7

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicture

modernlife?Yettomenof50,000yearsfromnow,wemayseemasprimitiveinourideasas

theStone-Agehuntersdotous.Perhapstheywillspendtheirdaysgollockingtomakenew

spundels,orstrugglingwiththeirballalatorsthroughthecribe.Thesewords,whichIhavejust

madeup,havetostandforthingsandideasthatwesimplycan'tthinkof./

Today,rollerskatingiseasyandfun.Butalongtimeago,itwasn'teasyatall.Before1750,the

ideaofskatingdidn'texist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlin's

workwasmakingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimebelikedtoplaytheviolin.Joseph

Merlinwasamanofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer./

Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,unlesstheyhuntthemfor

food.Sometimes,however,twokindsofanimalscometogetherinapartnership（伙伴關(guān)系）

whichdoesgoodtobothofthem./

4.A意味著B,重點(diǎn)在B上。

Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofa

productbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangethewaytheymake

andselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare"green；*thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.

5.背景和主題。

Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.Amongthesepeoplewasaman

namedAlfredButts.He...

6.具體例子和抽象現(xiàn)象。

Threeliesinoneday!YetDickSpivakisjustanordinaryman.Eachtime,hetoldhimselfthat

sometimesthetruthcausestoomanyproblems.Mostofustellmuchthesamewhitelies,

harmlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.Howoftendowetellwhitelies?

二、總-分型

1.評(píng)價(jià)（現(xiàn)實(shí)）和解釋

Physicistshaveknownaboutthetechniqueforalongtime.Soundismadeupofpressure

wavesintheair.Iftwosoundwaves.../

PeopleinSwedenpaytaxesoneverything,soaren'tsurprisedtofindthatowningadogmeans

yetmoretaxes.Somepeoplearepayingasmuchas500Swedishkronorintaxesayearforthe

righttokeeptheirdog,moneythatisspentbythegovernmentondoghospitalsandsometimes

medicaltreatmentforadogthatfallsill.

2.整體和側(cè)面

Mostofustellmuchthesamewhitelies,harmlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.Howoften

dowetellwhitelies?Itdependsinpartonourage,education,andevenwherewelive./

ThegreatmathematicianJohnwonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.In

particular,heshowedthatallgamesfallintotwoclasses:

3.總述和分述

Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinSupermarkets,butnowthere

arehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscoplabels（標(biāo)簽）toshowthattheproductisgreen.

Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生產(chǎn)）ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmain

sellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising./

Thepopularityoftheiglooisbeyonddoubt:itisnowattractingtouristsfromallovertheworld.At

least800peoplehavestayedattheigloothisseasoneventhoughthereareonly10rooms.

“Youcangetalotofpeoplein,"explainsBergqvist.uThebedsarethreemeterswidebytwo

meterslong,andcanfitatleastfouratonetime.7

Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributedindifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargestomach

andonwaistline-whichmakesthemlookround,ratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelow

thewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped./

However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green"anddemandingthatthe

productstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyask

questionslikethese:"Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?”“Canthismetalcontainer

bereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?7

“Itwasthebestnightwe'veeverhad,"saidAngelaCarraro,whorunsanItalianrestauranton

42ndstreet.uWehadlotsofcandlesonthetablesandthewaiterswerecarryingcandlesontheir

trays.Theplacewasfull-andallnight,infact,forafterwehadclosed,weletthepeoplestay

onandspendthenightthere."

三、分-總型

（這類結(jié)構(gòu)是中國(guó)人的習(xí)慣，因此在英語(yǔ)文章中很少。）

1.敘述與點(diǎn)評(píng)（以上分?總）

OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonished

toseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolled

onandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthe

mirror,breakingtopiece.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrandentranceforalongtime./

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean,

Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhigh

rainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedby

thesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterby

precipitationorrunoff.

2.并列關(guān)系

Thezooshadtheirproblemslikeeveryoneelse.Keepersworkedthroughthenight.Theyused

blanketstokeepflyingsquirrelsandsmallmonkeyswarm.Whilezoo