高中英語Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldSectionⅠWarmingUpReading-Comprehending學(xué)案新人教版必修

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld世界上講英語的國家很多。兩個來自不同國家的人雖然都講英語，但他們講的英語卻不盡相同，甚至這兩人所受的文化熏陶也是截然不同的。TheManyFacesofEnglishAtthestartofOctober,IstartedworkinginFrance.ThisisthefirsttimeI’veworkedataschoollargeenoughtoneednotone,buttwoEnglishlanguageassistants(助手)．MyhometownisStirlinginScotland.TheotherassistantisfromNewDelhiinIndia.Wecomefromcountriesthatare700milesawayfromeachotherandourbackgroundscouldnotbemoredifferent,butwespeakthesamelanguage!Thesefirsttwoweekshavebeenveryinterestingforbothofusandourstudents.Forexample,I’vediscoveredthat,whileIndianEnglishisbasedonBritishEnglish,myIndianroommateusessomeAmericanwordslikechipsinsteadofcrisps.Whenshephoneshome,shespeaksHinglish—amixtureofHindiandEnglish,thetwoofficiallanguagesinIndia.Therearemorethanjustdifferencesinlanguage,however!WhileintheUKmostyoungpeopleleavehomewhentheyarearound18yearsold,’sgettingmarriedinIndiainafewmonths.Aftershe’smarried,she’lllivewithherhusbandandherhusband’sparents.She’dneverheardofthecelebrationGuyFawkesNight,whenBritishpeopleenjoyfireworks(煙火)torememberGuyFawkes’failuretodestroytheBritishParliamenton5thNovember1605.I’vealsointroducedhertosomeBritishTVseriessuchasFawltyTowersandMontyPython,whichshenowlovesasmuchasIdo!Inturn,she’staughtmeaboutIndianfestivalsI’dneverheardof,likeRakshaBandhanwhichcelebratesloveanddutybetweenbrothersandsisters.Next,she’splanningtoshowmeBollywoodfilms.IdidsomeBollywooddanceatuniversity,butamashamedtoadmit(承認(rèn))thatI’veneverseenaBollywoodfilm!SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Comprehending重點單詞寫作詞匯1.officialadj. 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的2.voyagen. 航行；航海3.nativeadj. 本國的；本地的n. 本地人；本國人4.apartmentn． (美)公寓住宅；單元住宅5.vocabularyn. 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表6.spellingn. 拼寫；拼法拓展詞匯7.basevt.以……為根據(jù)n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)→basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的8.gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地9.enrichvt.使富裕；充實；改善→richadj.富有的10.latteradj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→latestadj.最近的；最新的→lateradj.后期的→latelyadv.近來；最近→lateadj.遲的；晚的11.fluentadj.流利的；流暢的→fluentlyadv.流利地；流暢地→fluencyn．流利；流暢12.frequentadj.頻繁的；常見的→frequentlyadv.常常；頻繁地閱讀詞匯13.subwayn． 地下人行道；(美)地鐵14.elevatorn. 電梯；升降機15.petroln. (英)汽油16.gasn． 汽油；氣體；煤氣；毒氣17.identityn. 本身；本體；身份重點短語1.becauseof 因為；由于2.comeup走近；上來；提出3.atpresent現(xiàn)在；目前4.makeuseof 利用；使用5.suchas 例如……；像這種的6.bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)7.communicatewith交際，交流8.thenumberof……的數(shù)量/數(shù)目重點句型1.whynotdosth.提建議句式WhynotgobyUnderground?(為什么不乘坐地鐵去呢？)2.evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeak(即使他們不說)thesamekindofEnglish.3.more...than...與其說……倒不如說……ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglish(與其說以英語倒不如說以德語為基礎(chǔ))wespeakatpresent.4.thenumberof...作主語TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglish(學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù))inChinaisincreasingrapidly.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast-readingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．HowtolearnEnglishwell?B．ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.C．ThedifferencesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.D．Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.答案：B2．Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.A．theexampleofthedifferencebetweendifferentnativeEnglishspeakers B．wideuseofEnglishPara.3 C．Englishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld D．whyEnglishhaschangedovertimeE．Englishwassettled答案：BADECeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Attheendofthe16thcentury,about________peoplespokeEnglish.A．fivetosixmillion B．fivetosevenmillionC．sixtosevenmillion D．seventoeightmillion2．IfpeoplespeakdifferentkindsofEnglish,they________．A．can’tcommunicatewitheachotherB．canonlybeunderstoodbythosewhospeakthesamekindofEnglishC．can’tbeunderstoodbyforeignersD．canunderstandeachother3．WhydomorepeoplespeakEnglish?A．Becauseitisaninternationallanguage.B．Becauseithasthelargestnumberofspeakers.C．Becauseitiseasytolearn.D．Becauseitalwaysstaysthesame.4．WhichcountrymayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearnersintheworld?A．Australia. B．China.C．India. D．Britain.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.eq\a\vs4\al()[翻譯]起初，大約在公元450年至公元1150年之間，英國人所說的英語與人們現(xiàn)在所說的英語有很大的不同。2．ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.eq\a\vs4\al()[翻譯]然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到公元1150年之間，英語就不那么像德語了，因為那些統(tǒng)治英國的人開始講丹麥語，后來又講法語。①attheendof在……結(jié)束時；在……盡頭②voyage['v?IId?]n.航行；航海③conquer['k??k?]vt.征服；占領(lǐng)④becauseof因為；由于⑤native['neItIv]adj.本國的；本地的n．本地人；本國人⑥flat[fl?t]n.(英)公寓，單元房⑦comeup走近；上來；提出⑧apartment[?'pɑ?tm?nt]n.(美)公寓住宅；單元住宅⑨overtime隨著時間的推移⑩actually['?kt???lI]adv.實際上；事實上?atfirst起先，起初?base[beIs]vt.以……為根據(jù)n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)?atpresent現(xiàn)在；目前?gradually['ɡr?d???lI]adv.逐漸地；逐步地gradual['gr?d???l]adj.逐漸的；逐步的?rulevt.統(tǒng)治n．規(guī)則?settler['setl?(r)]n.移民settle['setl]v.確定；解決；定居?enrich[In'rIt?]vt.充實；使富裕；改善?vocabulary[v?'k?bj?l?rI]n.詞匯；詞匯量；詞表?makeuseof利用；使用?spelling['spelI?]n.拼寫；拼法latter['l?t?]adj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的theformer...thelatter...前者……后者……separate['sepr?t]adj.不同的，單獨的identity[aI'dent?tI]n.本身；本體；身份identitycard身份證fluent['flu??nt]adj.流利的；流暢的befluentin在……方面流利fluently['flu??ntlI]adv.流利地；流暢地suchas例如……；像這種的thenumberof...……的數(shù)量/數(shù)目【核心素養(yǎng)鏈接·文化采風(fēng)】對美國人來說，讓單詞拼寫變得簡單的是一位叫諾厄·韋伯斯特的人，他因其所著的《美國英語詞典》而為人所知。該詞典于1828年首次出版。它引進了許多新的美式英語單詞，并且?guī)в兴鼈兊陌l(fā)音、用法和新的拼法。英國人批評這本詞典，但它很快成了美國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考書。今天，韋伯斯特的詞典仍是美國學(xué)生的首選詞典。THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendof①the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages②toconquer③otherpartsoftheworldandbecauseof④that，Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today，morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst，secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.◆動詞不定式短語toconquerotherpartsoftheworld為目的狀語。Native⑤Englishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample：◆evenif在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。BritishBetty：Wouldyouliketoseemyflat⑥？AmericanAmy：Yes.I’dliketocomeup⑦toyourapartment⑧.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime⑨？Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother．Atfirst?theEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased?moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent?.Thengradually?betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruled?EnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.Thesenewsettlers?enriched?theEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary?.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseof?awidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.◆when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句中and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞meet和communicate。◆過去分詞短語spoken...and1150作后置定語，修飾theEnglish?！魒espeakatpresent為省略了關(guān)系詞that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞theEnglish,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，故可省略?！鬮ecause引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，從句中whoruledEngland為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞those。Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspelling?happened：firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample，IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity？Onlytimewilltell.◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語learningEnglishinChina作后置定語，修飾people,該短語可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句whoarelearningEnglishinChina。通向現(xiàn)代英語之路16世紀(jì)末，大約有500萬到700萬人說英語。他們幾乎都生活在英國。后來在下個世紀(jì)，英國人出海遠航以征服世界其他地區(qū)；于是，許多其他國家開始說英語。如今說英語的人比以往任何時候都多了，他們有的是將其作為第一語言，有的是將其作為第二語言或一門外語。以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。請看這個例子：英國人貝蒂：你要去看看我的公寓嗎？美國人艾米：好的，我很樂意到你的公寓去。那么，隨著時間的推移，英語為什么會變化呢？事實上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所變化、有所發(fā)展。起初，大約在公元450年到公元1150年之間，英國人所說的英語與他們現(xiàn)在所說的英語有很大的不同。當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到公元1150年之間，英語就不那么像德語了，因為那些統(tǒng)治英國的人起初講丹麥語，后來又講法語。這些新的移民豐富了英語這門語言，尤其是英語詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。1620年，一些英國移民到了美洲。后來在18世紀(jì)，也有一些英國人被帶到了澳大利亞。(于是)這兩個國家的人都開始說英語。最后到19世紀(jì)，這種語言定型了。那時，英語在拼寫上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫了詞典，后來，諾厄·韋伯斯特編纂了《美國英語詞典》。后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。如今英語在南亞也被當(dāng)作一門外語或第二語言來使用。例如，印度擁有眾多講英語很流利的人，因為英國在1765年到1947年間統(tǒng)治著印度。在那期間，英語成了政府使用的語言和教育用語。在新加坡、馬來西亞和非洲的一些國家(如南非)，人們也說英語。如今，在中國，學(xué)英語的人數(shù)在迅速增多。事實上，中國或許是世界上英語學(xué)習(xí)者最多的國家。中國式英語會形成自己的特征嗎？這個問題只能由時間來回答了。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AMynameisLwaziNzimande.IstartedmyschoolingatThukeyanaPrimaryFarmSchoolinUnderberg,KwaZulu-Natal.Ihadafavouriteteacherinprimaryschool.HernamewasMissDube.Shetaughtmenaturalscienceandhumanandsocialsciencesingradesixandseven,andhadawayofpushinglearnerstobeabletothinkforthemselves.Shemadesurethateachandeverylearnertookpartineverylesson.Sheusedpictures,diagrams(圖表)andotherthingstomakelearningeasierandmoreunforgettable,movingatapacethatwassuitableforallstudents.Asateacher,sheshowedpatience,respect,open-mindedness,andreliability(可靠性)．Nowyouseewhyshewasmyfavouriteteacherinprimaryschool,don’tyou?Inmyopinion,patience,respect,open-mindedness,andreliabilityaresomeofthethingsthatallteachersshouldhaveandshow.Apatientteacherisonewhounderstandsthatsomelearnersneedmoreexplanationthanotherstounderstandsomethinginclass.Heorsheshouldalwaysbewillingtohelplearners.Anopen-mindedteacherwillgobeyondwhatisfoundinthetextbook.Ateacherwhoisrespectedwillfinditeasytocontrolaclass.Respectisearnedthroughwhatateachersaystolearnersorhowheorshedealswiththemingeneral.MissDubeoftentoldusnottobad-mouthormakefunofothers.Shealsodidso.Sheneverbad-mouthedotherteachersinfrontofus.Also,MissDubenevermadefunofherlearners.Shethoughtmakingfunoflearnersinfrontofotherswouldhurtthemanddamagetheirconfidence.MissDubewasalsoveryhonest.Frommypointofview,that’salsowhatagoodteachershouldbelike.Ifshedidn’thaveananswertoaquestion,shewouldletherlearnersknow.Thissetagoodexampletothelearners.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。MissDube是作者小學(xué)階段最喜歡的老師，這是為什么呢？1．WhywasMissDubetheauthor’sfavouriteteacherinprimaryschool?A．Becauseofherrichknowledge.B．Becauseofhergoodappearance.C．Becauseofherteachingstyleandcharacter.D．Becauseofherlifestyleandattitudetostudents.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了MissDube的教學(xué)方式，又根據(jù)這一段的Asateacher,sheshowedpatience,respect,open-mindedness,andreliability(可靠性)．Nowyouseewhyshewasmyfavouriteteacherinprimaryschool,don’tyou？可知答案。2．Whatdoestheauthorthinkanopen-mindedteachershoulddo?A．Paycloseattentiontoeverystudent’simprovement.B．Tellaboutsomethingoutsidethetextbook.C．Avoidbelievingeverythinginthetextbook.D．Showgreatrespectforherstudents.B，一位思想開明的老師不會僅僅局限于課本，會講一些課外的知識。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMissDubefromParagraph4?A．Shelikedpraisingherstudents.B．Shewasveryconfidentinclass.C．Shegotalongwellwithotherteachers.D．Shesetagoodexampletoherstudents.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，MissDube經(jīng)常教育學(xué)生不要說別人壞話或嘲笑別人，她自己也能以身作則，從不在學(xué)生面前說別的老師的壞話，也不取笑學(xué)生，給學(xué)生樹立了一個良好的榜樣。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Beingaverypatientteacher.B．Answeringstudents’questions.C．Beinghonestinfrontofstudents.D．Teachingstudentsverydifficultthings.C解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)末段的MissDubewasalsoveryhonest.以及Ifshedidn’thaveananswertoaquestion,shewouldletherlearnersknow.可知“This”是指在學(xué)生面前很誠實一事。BHowdoyoureferto(指)thosepeople,things,andexperiencesthatarewonderful?Aretheycool?Perhapsthey’rerad?Inthe1980s,youmighthavecalledthembad.Whatdoalltheseinterestingwordshaveincommon?They’reallslang(俚語)words.Theword“slang”hasaninterestingbeginning.ItbeganasawordinnorthernEnglandthatwasusedtorefertothelandunderthecontrolofacountry.Overtime,itwasusedtorefertothepeoplewhowouldadvertiseandsellgoodsinspecialplaces.Eventually,slangbecamethetermusedtodescribethecolorful,informalspeechthesesalesmenusedtoadvertisetheirgoods.Languagedevelopscontinuouslyovertime.Newwordsandnewmeaningsforoldwordscomeoutaspeopletrytoexpressthemselvesinnew,creativeways,bothinspeakingandwriting.Slangallowspeopletobefunny,clever,different,friendly,orevensecretive.Overrecentyears,manyslangwordshavecomefromthreesources:popularmusic,politics(政治),andtheInternet.Popularmusic,especiallyrapandhiphop,hasledtomanyslangwordsassingerscomeupwithincreasinglycreativewaystoexpressthemselves.Forbetterorworse,somewordshavetakenonnewmeanings.Perhapsthebiggestsourceofslangwords,however,istheInternet.Intoday’sworld,thatfactshouldsurprisenoone.Whetherit’sthechangingnatureoftechnologyitselforaquickly-changingtrend(趨勢),theInternetprovidesideasfornewslangwordsmorethananythingelsedoes.Italsohelpsthosewordstobeintroducedintoourmindsandchangeourlanguagemorerapidlythaneverbefore.ThankstothepopularityoftheInternetandespeciallysocialmedia,anewslangwordcanappearandbeknownworldwideinamatterofweeks,ifnotdays,ratherthanmonthsoryearsasinthepast.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。英語中有很多俚語，它們生動有趣，富有創(chuàng)造性。現(xiàn)代俚語一般有三個來源：流行音樂、政治及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthewordsmentionedinParagraph1?A．Theyareallverycommon. B．Theyarealldifferentdialects.C．Theyallhavethesamemeaning. D．Theyallrefertointerestingthings.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章給出的這幾個單詞都可以用來形容很棒的人、事或經(jīng)歷等。它們都是俚語，都有著共同的含義。6．WhatdoweknowaboutslangwordsaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Theyoffernewideastosingers.B．Theycanshowusers’creativity.C．Theyareusedmoreinspeakingthaninwriting.D．Theygivepeoplenewwaystoexpressthemselves.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Newwordsandnewmeaningsforoldwordscomeoutaspeopletrytoexpressthemselvesinnew,creativeways可知，人們努力用新的、創(chuàng)造性的方式來表達自己時，新詞或舊詞新意就出現(xiàn)了。所以，俚語也可以讓人們用新方式表達自己。7．HowistheinfluenceoftheInternetonslangwords?A．Itisfastandwide. B．Itisharmful.C．Itislong-lasting. D．Itisindirect.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠使俚語迅速傳播。相比起過去的幾年或幾個月的時間，它能夠使一個新的俚語在幾天內(nèi)在全世界范圍內(nèi)迅速傳播。8．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThePowerofLanguageB．WhereDoSlangWordsComeFrom?C．HowCanWeCorrectlyUseSlangWords?D．TheInfluenceoftheInternetonSlangWordsB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述了單詞slang的起源及現(xiàn)代俚語一般有三個來源。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空Ilookedatmyphotosandbegantorecall(回憶)mylife.Thena__1__ofmygrandmacaughtmyeye.Shewasatall,strongandhealthywoman.She,likemostpeopleinhervillage,__2__jasmine(茉莉)flowers.Summeristhetimetopickjasmineflowerswhichwillbesenttothefactorytomakejasminetea.Helpingmygrandmapickjasmineshasbeenmy__3__sinceIwas13.Thejasminefieldwasso__4__withlotsofflowersandtheirgoodsmells,__5__itwashardtopicktheseflowersforhoursinthestrongsunlight.WhenIgot__6__andwantedtogiveup,I__7__mygrandmawhokeptbusypickingflowers.Seeingherworkhard,I__8__strength(力氣)tokeepgoing.Byworkingwithher,Ilearnedtoworkuntilthejobwas__9__．Grandmalivedapoorlifebutsheneverlosther__10__.Inheroldage,shedidn’t__11__toworkbecauseherchildrencouldsupport(贍養(yǎng))her.But,shestillworkedtogivehermoneytotheSeniorCenter,which__12__me.Inmymind,peopleworkhardto__13__theirlives,insteadofgivingmoneyaway.She__14__，saying,“Ihaveworkedforalifetime.__15__hasbecomepartofmylife.WhenIwasin__16__，Ihadalotofhelpfromtheneighbors,whoarenowintheSeniorCenter.Iwanttopaythemback.Iwanttobe__17__．”Ialwaysrememberher__18__andthinkdeeplyaboutmyfuturework.I__19__thatajobisnotonlyawaytomakealiving,butalsoawayto__20__peopleandmakethisworldabetterplace.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過本文深情地回憶了勤勞善良的奶奶，她一生貧窮卻時時想著幫助他人。 B．diaryC．letter D．pictureD解析：根據(jù)上文I