2023年考研考博考博英語南京師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語南京師范大學(xué)考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Ihavetrouble（）thistaskwithinthisweek.問題1選項A.infinishingB.tofinishC.forfinishingD.onfinishing2.單選題Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy."Giveitback,"saysomeofthevoices,“Itdoesn’treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesn’twork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman.”Theprinciplediscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forwhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablecomplexfilledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.1.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?2.Theprinciplediscoveryinthiscenturyshows（）.3.Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears（）.4.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageistosaythat（）.5.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsscienceis（）.問題1選項A.Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.B.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.C.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously.D.Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.問題2選項A.manhasoverthrownNewton’slawsofphysicsB.manhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzlesC.manhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveriesD.manhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories問題3選項A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessaryB.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachineC.manknowsnothingaboutDNAD.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA問題4選項A.scienceisjustatitsbeginningB.sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman'slifeC.sciencehasmadeprofoundprogressD.sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings問題5選項A.criticalB.approvingC.neutralD.regretful3.單選題Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlandsintofarmland,andmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposeorhydroelectricpower.Manhasalsomodifiedthefaceoftheearthbydrainingmarshesandcuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsandrailways.However,man’schangestophysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonscomeoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles;smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingareasofcountryside.Theairincitiesisbecomingincreasinglyunhealthy.Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae（水藻）,fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.Thesameproblemexistsinrivers.Industrialwasteshavealreadymademanyriverslifeless.Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.1.Manhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentwithaviewto（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,pollutionoftheairandwateriscausedby（）.3.Theecologicalbalanceoftheseaislostwhen（）.4.Whowouldmostprobablydisagreewithconservationists??5.Thepurposeofthewriteris（）.問題1選項A.alteringthephysicalfeatureoftheearthB.betteringhiswayoflifeC.improvinghissurroundingsD.modifyingthefaceoftheplanet問題2選項A.thousandsoftonsofgasescomingoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehiclesB.thechangesoftheenvironmentthattechnologyhasbroughttomanC.theincreasingamountofoilthathasbeenproducedD.industrialwastesdischargedintorivers問題3選項A.peopleconsumemorefishthantheyusedtoB.theecologicalbalanceoftheriverislostC.largenumbersofalgae,fishandbirdsarekilledD.theproductionofmarinepetroleumisincreased問題4選項A.Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists.問題5選項A.toreducemoderntechnologyB.toimproveman’swayoflifeC.towarnpeoplenottochangethenaturalenvironmentD.tocallattentiontotheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment4.單選題

Thepresident’scompassionfortheneighboringrefugeescausedhimtoadmitaverylargenumberofthemintohiscountry.問題1選項A.friendshipB.pityC.respectD.hostility5.單選題（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.問題1選項A.WouldhestartB.HadhestartedC.IfheistostartD.Ifhewasstarting6.單選題（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.問題1選項A.JustwhenB.DuringthetimewhenC.SoonafterD.Itwaswhile7.單選題IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.問題1選項A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcenturyB.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountriesC.theAmericanfrontierspiritD.Americanhonesty問題2選項A.GoWest.B.Bravethewildness.C.Overcomedangersandhardships.D.Travelfromplacetoplace.問題3選項A.coldweatheredandlackofwaterB.IndianraidsC.floodsandwildnessD.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks問題4選項A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguageB.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperityC.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagementD.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains問題5選項A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtodayB.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtodayC.AmericantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwestD.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit8.單選題Carefulplanningandhardworkwill（）ourfinalsuccess.問題1選項A.ensureB.encloseC.dischargeD.deny9.單選題Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies.Televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted"biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors"asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果關(guān)系).SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenlieweededout"themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression",only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.1.Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies.TVandvideogames?2.Whatistheskeptics'viewofmediaviolence?3.Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1.Para.5)torefertothosewho（）.4.Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging（）5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?問題1選項A.Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.B.Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday'ssociety.C.Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.D.Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.問題2選項A.Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.B.Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C.Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.D.Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.問題3選項A.usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB.initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonrealityC.assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD.useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior問題4選項A.thesourceandamountoftheirdataB.thetargetsoftheirobservationC.theirsystemofmeasurementD.theirdefinitionofviolence問題5選項A.Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.B.Itshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettled.C.Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D.Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.10.單選題Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.問題1選項A.cholesterolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic11.單選題

A（）translationisnotalwaystheclosesttooriginalmeaning.問題1選項A.liberalB.literateC.literalD.literacy12.單選題Thehotel（）westayedlastFridaywasrightinthecenterofthecity.問題1選項A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when13.寫作題Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）Peoplearealmostphobic（恐懼癥）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（膽固醇）---canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（長壽）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.14.單選題Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.問題1選項A.favoriteB.availableC.convenientD.average15.翻譯題1.“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.（PassageOne）2.Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.（PassageTwo）3.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers'attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.（PassageThree）4.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.（PassageFour）5.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversations:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（PassageFive）16.填空題Apersonwhois（）（conscious）isnotawareofwhatisgoingonaroundhimorher.17.單選題Toparaphrase18lh-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementlargerbiomedicalresearchbecauseifdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms，notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.問題1選項A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightsC.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.問題2選項A.cruelbutnatural.B.inhumanandunacceptableC.inevitablebutviciousD.pointlessandwasteful.問題3選項A.discontentwithanimalresearch.B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.C.indifferencetoepidemics.D.anxietyaboutanimalrights.問題4選項A.communicatemorewiththepublic.B.employhi-techmeansinresearch.C.feelnoshamefortheircause.D.strivetodevelopnewcures.問題5選項A.awell-knownhumanist.B.amedicalpractitioner.C.anenthusiastinanimalrights.D.asupporterofanimalresearch.18.翻譯題六十整歲望七十如攀高山。不料七十歲居然過了。七十歲開始可以諸事不做而拿退休金，不愁沒有一碗飯吃，自由自在，自得其樂。要看書可以隨便亂翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸張，從前哪能拜讀？現(xiàn)在可以了。隨看隨忘，便仍在一邊。無憂無慮，無人打擾，不必出門而自有天地。真是無限風(fēng)光在老年。偶爾有人來，不論男女老少認(rèn)識不認(rèn)識，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，談天說地，百無禁忌。我的話匣子一開，激光磁盤便響個不停，滔滔不絕。無奈我閑人忙，聽眾逐漸稀少，終于門庭冷落，只剩下一屋子廣闊天地,任我獨往獨來，隨意揮灑。19.單選題

Centralcitiesalwayshavebeenhospitabletoentrepreneurs,becausetheyprovideeasy（）tobuyersandproducers.問題1選項A.ambitB.accessC.appealD.approval20.單選題Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.問題1選項A.impressedB.affectedC.effectedD.interfered第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查語法。havetroubleindoingsth做某事有麻煩。故A項正確。句意：我有困難在這周內(nèi)完成這項任務(wù)。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:D第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。第一段Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.大約三個世紀(jì)以來，我們一直在研究科學(xué)，試驗科學(xué)，用科學(xué)來建設(shè)我們所說的現(xiàn)代文明?，F(xiàn)代科技的每一項可有可無的東西，從運河水閘到電話撥號，再到青霉素，都是由一系列科學(xué)實驗提供的數(shù)據(jù)分析拼湊而成的。三百年來，對人類相互生存的一種新方法進(jìn)行試驗似乎是一段漫長的時間，這段時間足以使我們對這種科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行批判性的評價，甚至可能長到足以投票決定是否繼續(xù)使用這種方法。這里有一個爭論。C項“現(xiàn)代文明依賴于科學(xué)，所以人們一致支持科學(xué)進(jìn)步?！迸c文中“人們有足夠的時間對科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行批判性地評價”不符。D項“有些人認(rèn)為三百年的時間不夠長，不足以對科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行批判性的評價?！迸c“Thereisanargument.有些人認(rèn)為三百年足夠長來對科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行投票，而另外一些人觀點卻不一樣”相符。2.推理判斷題。由第三段“Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.一些物理定律每隔幾年就會修正;有些內(nèi)容被徹底取消;有些修訂了立法意圖，仿佛它們是國會的法案”?？芍狣項正確。由Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.過去看似清晰合理的事情，以及絕對確定的事情——比如牛頓力學(xué)——已經(jīng)從我們的指縫中溜走了;我們留下了一系列新的巨大的謎團，宇宙的不確定性和模棱兩可。可知A項“人們已經(jīng)推翻了牛頓的物理定律”與文中的描述“人們已經(jīng)不在關(guān)注牛頓力學(xué)，而是有了更多謎團”不符。B項“人類已經(jīng)解決了一系列新的巨大難題”與文中“人們有了很多新的謎團”不符。C項并為提及。3.推理判斷題。由第四段Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablecomplexfilledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.但就在最近幾年，它已經(jīng)變得幾乎難以置信的復(fù)雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能超出了今天的想象?？芍罱鼛啄昕茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA極其復(fù)雜，所以還需要進(jìn)一步研究。故D項正確。4.作者意圖題。由最后一段“Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.這不僅僅是有更多的事情要做，還有所有的事情要做?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為關(guān)于科研還有很多方面的工作需要做，不僅僅是戰(zhàn)勝人類疾病等領(lǐng)域，還包括生物的基本過程等，科研仍然處于開端。故A項正確。BCD三項均不是作者的寫作目的。5.觀點態(tài)度題。本文主要講述了科學(xué)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，并介紹了人們對待科學(xué)的不同觀點。全文內(nèi)容比較客觀地呈現(xiàn)，故作者的態(tài)度是中立的。3.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.縱觀歷史，人類改變自然環(huán)境以改善生活方式。故B項正確。2.推理判斷題。由第二段Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.借助科技工具，人類改變了地球的許多物理特征。以及However,man’schangestophysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.然而，人類對自然環(huán)境的改變并不總是帶來有益的結(jié)果。今天，空氣和水的污染對地球的健康造成越來越嚴(yán)重的威脅?？芍廴竞涂諝馕廴臼怯捎谌祟惤柚萍几淖兞俗匀画h(huán)境造成的。故B項正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae,fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.水的污染也同樣有害。在海里,石油污染增加,造成大量的藻類(水藻),魚和鳥死亡。整個海洋的生態(tài)平衡正在被改變?！笨芍孱?、魚和鳥的大量死亡導(dǎo)致海洋生態(tài)失衡。故C項正確。4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.自然資源保護論者認(rèn)為，為了在地球上生存，人類現(xiàn)在有必要限制科技的發(fā)展。”可知自然資源保護論者認(rèn)為要限制科技的發(fā)展，而阻礙科技的發(fā)展不利于工業(yè)的發(fā)展，所以工業(yè)家很可能會發(fā)對這個觀點。故A項正確。5.作者意圖題。本文主要講述了環(huán)保的重要性，從空氣污染，到水污染，再到破壞整個生態(tài)平衡。所有的這些都是在呼吁大家來保護地球，保護我們的生存壞境。故D項正確。4.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。由后半句的結(jié)果“許多鄰國難民都來到這個國家”可推知前面的原因應(yīng)該是總統(tǒng)對鄰國難民的同情。compassion同情，憐憫；friendship友誼；pity憐憫，同情；respect尊重；hostility敵意。故B項正確。5.【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在過去，是對過去事實的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項正確。句意：如果他昨天就開始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項正確。6.【答案】D【解析】考查強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為itis+被強調(diào)部分+that….故D項正確。句意：她住在倫敦的時候遇見了她的丈夫Terry.7.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:D第4題:C第5題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進(jìn)運動再到當(dāng)今美國人的西進(jìn)精神，本文主要講了美國的拓荒精神，即美國人的勇氣和進(jìn)取心，以及能吃苦的精神。2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動和激烈的競爭使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語言也是如此?！币约白詈笠欢巍癝omepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺得美國的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來。美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的。”可知拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為能克服危險和困難，有勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故C項正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難?！薄癏orriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個拓荒者可能會無助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時候，洪水可能會沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險來自印第安人的襲擊。”以及第四段第一句“Thewor