2023年考研考博考博英語西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英語西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Isittruethatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt?Ididn’tmeantoeavesdropwhatyousaid.Ijust（

）it.問題1選項(xiàng)A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked2.單選題Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.問題1選項(xiàng)A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target3.單選題Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.問題1選項(xiàng)A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible4.單選題Thisisthenursewho（

）tomewhenIwasillinhospital.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accompaniedB.attendedC.entertainedD.shielded5.單選題Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.問題1選項(xiàng)A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brilliant6.單選題Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost;protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbethebestpolicyforelectroniccommerce?2.Incaseanelectronicshopperboughtfaultygoodsfromaforeigncountry,whatcouldhedointhepresentcircumstances?3.Intheauthor’sview,businesseswouldplaceahighpremiumonhonestdealingbecauseintheelectronicworld（

）.

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatinlicensingnewdrugstheFDAintheUnitedStatesis（

）.

5.Theworld“cyberspace”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Self-regulationbythebusinesses.B.Strictconsumerprotectionlaws.C.Closeinternationalcooperation.D.Governmentprotection.問題2選項(xiàng)A.RefusetopayforthepurchaseB.GotothesellerandaskforarefundC.AppealtoconsumerprotectionlawsD.Complainaboutitviaelectronicmail問題3選項(xiàng)A.internationalcooperationwouldbemuchmoreenhancedB.consumerscouldeasilyseekgovernmentprotectionC.agoodreputationisagreatadvantageincompetitionD.itwouldbeeasyforconsumerstocomplain問題4選項(xiàng)A.veryquickB.verycautiousC.veryslowD.rathercareless問題5選項(xiàng)A.theouterspaceB.artificialintelligenceC.thecommercialworldD.computernetworks7.單選題Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto.Andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedatdepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats;moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,shirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouse.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!1.Theauthorbelievesthatpeopleare（

）.2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashionB.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashionC.concernedaboutappearanceinoldageD.satisfiedwiththeirappearance問題2選項(xiàng)A.confidenceinlifeB.individualdressC.individualhairstyleD.personalfuture問題3選項(xiàng)A.uniformB.unknownC.variedD.inexplicable問題4選項(xiàng)A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality問題5選項(xiàng)A.CareaboutappearanceinformalsituationsB.FashioninformalandinformalsituationsC.IgnoringappearanceininformalsituationsD.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations8.單選題Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe（

）willcontinueintothenextdecade.問題1選項(xiàng)A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule9.單選題Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.問題1選項(xiàng)A.resignB.renewC.recoverD.restore10.翻譯題Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariablelanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.——onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.11.單選題（

）,there’sagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn’tusuallystayawayfromwork.問題1選項(xiàng)A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally12.單選題Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）todirectorofthepresident’soffice.問題1選項(xiàng)A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised13.翻譯題Marketingisimportanttoorganizationsandconsumersalike.Ittouchesthelivesofallmembersofsociety.Allthegoodsandservicesyoubuy,thestoreswhereyoushopandtheradioandTVprogramspaidforbyadvertisingaretherebecauseofmarketing.Eachofyouhasbeeninvolvedinmarketingactivitiesatonetimeoranother.Perhapsyouhavetriedtosellausedtextbookbacktothecampusbookstoreortoconvinceyourparentstofinanceaspringvacation.Youmaynothaveknownitatthetime,butyouwereperformingmarketingactivities.Marketingoftenhasspecialimportanceforstudents.Manyofyouwillworkinmarketing——whetherinsales,retailing,advertising,oranotherfieldinafor-profitfirmoranonprofitorganization.Throughthischapteryouwillfindsomeinformationindifferentareasofmarketing—insales,advertising,marketingconcept,marketingmix,marketingresearch,understandingbuyerbehavior,marketsegmentation(細(xì)分)andotherareas.Whatdoesabusinessfirmdoinoureconomy?Reducedtobasics,businesseshavetwomajorfunctions:productionofgoodsorcreationofservicesandmarketingthosegoodsandservices.Tobesuccessfulintoday’scompetitivemarketplace,peopleinbusinessrealizethattheymustfirstdeterminepeople’sneedsandwants,andthenproducegoodsandservicestosatisfythem.Acompany,whetheritisFordMotorCompanyorasmallretailer,isinbusinesstocreatewant-satisfyinggoodsandservicesforitscustomers.Goodsandservicesthatdonotsatisfyconsumersareforcedoutfromthemarket,sinceconsumersdonotbuythem.14.單選題Thenumber30onaroadsign（

）thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.問題1選項(xiàng)A.forecastsB.signifiesC.illuminatesD.characterize15.單選題I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.paidoffB.takenitstollC.madeadifferenceD.shownup16.單選題Weshouldget（

）tothatnewjournal.問題1選項(xiàng)A.asubscriptionB.aprescriptionC.aninscriptionD.aconscription17.單選題Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe“CaroftheFuture”.Theyfeaturedunconventionalstylingandthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.Yet,frankly,mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.Itwillstillgoandstop,butitmaynotburngasoline.Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.Airbagsaren’tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions（碰撞）,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren’tgoingaway,andinfactyoucanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.Betterthansystemstominimize（使減少到最低限度）injuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappeninginthefirstplace.Futurecarsmaybeabletoeliminatemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,tailgatingandsleepiness.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Manyaccidentsarecausedbypeoplefollowingthecarinfronttooclosely.Asearlyasnextyear,you’llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou’reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle.Forcitystreets,expectotherradardevicesthatwillgiveadvancewarningthatthecarinfrontofyouhasslowedsuddenlyandyoushouldsteponthebrakes—orthatmayevenbrakeforyou.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon’tbetechnicallypossible,andMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars,butsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafe（安全的）systemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisabled.1.Theauthorwasfascinatedbycarsbecause_____.2.Bysay“mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo”(Line-5-6,para.1),theauthormeansthat.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?4.Whatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver’ssystem?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.othersmallboyslikedtoownacaroftheirown,tooB.hereadexoticthingsaboutcarsinhisbrother’smagazinesC.hisoldestbrotherlovedtotakehimtoplacesinhiscarD.hesubscribedtocoolcarmagazines問題2選項(xiàng)A.mycarisfarbetterthanmybrother’swasB.mycarisnotasgoodasmybrother’swasC.notmuchhaschangedintheperformanceofcarssofarD.muchimprovementhasbeenmadeinthedesignofcarsrecently問題3選項(xiàng)A.Theyareinneedoffurtherimprovement.B.Theyaregoingtodisappeargradually.C.Theykillpeopleinsteadofprotectingtheminlow-speedcollisions.D.TheyareastandardfeatureofEuropeancars.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Theywillgiveawarninginadvance.B.Theywillbrakeautomatically.C.Theywilleaseuponthrottle.D.Theywillnotstart.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Peoplewillgiveupallcontroltotheircars.B.Carswillbeabletodrivethemselves.C.Nocarswilleverbreakdownontheroads.D.Carswillallbeequippedwithfailsafesystems.18.單選題IntheU.S.88percentofsmokershasstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis（

）tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.問題1選項(xiàng)A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal19.單選題Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires（

）widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.問題1選項(xiàng)A.alterB.varyC.transferD.shift20.單選題Theytriedtocollectallthepicturestheycould（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.laytheirhandsonB.capitalizeonC.washtheirhandsofD.makethebestof第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】動詞辨析題。overcome克服；overwhelm淹沒，壓倒；overheard無意聽到；overlook忽視。句意：那家公司要破產(chǎn)了，是真的嗎？我無意偷聽你們說話，只是無意中聽到的。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。2.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive意為“破壞性的”；liable意為“（法律上）負(fù)有償付責(zé)任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行債務(wù)等時應(yīng)負(fù)法律責(zé)任或受罰；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；responsible意為“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的，有責(zé)任的”，指能熟練而出色地履行職責(zé)或完成任務(wù)，或在出差錯而對其原因有爭執(zhí)時承擔(dān)過失。句意：假如這個項(xiàng)目出了任何問題，我將追究你個人的責(zé)任。4.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。accompany陪伴，伴隨，通常和介詞“by”搭配；attend出席，照顧，照料，通常和介詞“to”搭配；entertain娛樂，招待，通常和介詞“with”搭配；shield遮蔽，防御，通常和介詞“from”搭配。句意：這就是我生病住院時照顧我的護(hù)士。只有選項(xiàng)B能和介詞“to”搭配，所以正確。5.【答案】C【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關(guān)注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認(rèn)識的最體貼的女人。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。6.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段中的內(nèi)容為：答案之一是各國政府更多地合作：承認(rèn)彼此的規(guī)則。但這需要多年的工作和大量的詳細(xì)規(guī)則。而且許多國家的規(guī)則對此來說都太不切實(shí)際了。然而，還有一種選擇。讓電子企業(yè)自己做“監(jiān)管”，畢竟，這樣做對他們是有利的。句中的“regulation”themselves即self-regulation，因此選A。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的thenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown（新技術(shù)還將使他們更容易在公司讓他們失望時大聲抱怨）可知D選項(xiàng)“通過電子郵件抱怨”符合題意。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.（在電子商務(wù)中，誠實(shí)交易的聲譽(yù)將是一種有價(jià)值的競爭資產(chǎn)）可知C選項(xiàng)“良好的聲譽(yù)是競爭中的一大優(yōu)勢”符合題意。第4題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.（例如，在線訂購藥品的客戶可能更喜歡從美國購買藥品，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈攀称匪幤繁O(jiān)督管理局的嚴(yán)格審查；或者他們可能認(rèn)為FDA的規(guī)定過于嚴(yán)格，而選擇從瑞士購買）可知FDA對藥品的管理非常嚴(yán)格和謹(jǐn)慎，因此選B。第5題:詞義題。文章主要介紹了電子商務(wù)交易存在的問題，故cyberspace與electroniccommerce（電子商務(wù)）和theelectronicworld（電子世界）有關(guān)，而電子商務(wù)、電子世界是通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的，因此選D。7.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句話提到“很少有人滿足于自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人會忽視潮流”（Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion），選項(xiàng)B“絕不會忽視潮流的東西”符合題意。第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段提到時尚雜志和電視廣告試圖說服我們在特定的場合穿特定的衣服，表現(xiàn)出特定的禮儀。在他們看來，這樣做會讓我們更加自信地去結(jié)識新的朋友（Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidently）。因此可以推斷出時尚雜志和電視廣告將時尚與自信聯(lián)系在一起，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起時尚改變的原因是什么？有時候是因?yàn)榉奖慊蛘邔?shí)際需要或者因?yàn)槟硞€人的影響”（Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion），由此可以看出，引起時尚變化的原因是多方面的，無法確定的，選項(xiàng)C“多樣的”符合題意。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到現(xiàn)在的社會比以前自由、簡單，不需要跟他人穿著一樣。你可以穿你喜歡穿的衣服，做你喜歡做的發(fā)型，不是因?yàn)檫@些流行，單純因?yàn)橄矚g。（Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion），由此可知，現(xiàn)在重視的是“個性”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。第5題:推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到衣服發(fā)型可以出于自己的喜好進(jìn)行選擇，不必考慮是否流行，也不需要隨大流。最后一段提到在正式的場合還是需要注重儀表，接著舉了一些例子來說明穿衣服應(yīng)該分清場合。選項(xiàng)A“正式場合需要注重儀表”符合題意。8.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。emergency緊急情況，突發(fā)事件；trend趨勢，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule時間表，日程安排。句意：全世界的犯罪活動一直在增加，我們有充分的理由相信這一趨勢將持續(xù)到下一個十年。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。9.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。resign“辭職，放棄”；renew“更新”；recover“恢復(fù)”；restore“恢復(fù)，還原”。句意：由于兩國不能放棄他們的不同之處，他們決定相互宣戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。10.【答案】文化是國際市場中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。特定社會成員的這種習(xí)得行為模式系統(tǒng)是由一系列動態(tài)變化的語言、宗教、價(jià)值觀和習(xí)俗、美學(xué)、技術(shù)、教育和社會制度不斷塑造而成的。為了應(yīng)對這個系統(tǒng)，國際經(jīng)理需要真實(shí)的文化和用于解釋文化的知識。在某種程度上，事實(shí)知識可以習(xí)得，而文化的解釋只能來源于經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在處理文化環(huán)境的問題時，最復(fù)雜的問題是來自于一個人無法學(xué)到文化——他必須置身其中。商業(yè)世界中存在著兩種關(guān)于如何處理文化多樣性的思想流派。一種是認(rèn)為全世界的商業(yè)都是公事公辦，像百事和麥當(dāng)勞一樣。在某些情況下，全球化是無法改變的事實(shí)，然而，文化差異還遠(yuǎn)沒有融合。另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須根據(jù)不同的文化來調(diào)整經(jīng)營模式。在每個國家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，關(guān)鍵問題在于接受與否。國際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保拒絕接受不是文化近視甚至眼盲的結(jié)果。11.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。ideally“理想地”；principally“主要地”；presumably“大概”；originally“原始地”。句意：她沒來可能是有原因的，因?yàn)樗ǔ２粫秒x崗位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。12.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。push“推”；purchase“購買”；promote“提升”；promise“承諾”。句意：格林先生最近升任為董事長辦公室主任了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。13.【答案】市場營銷對組織來說很重要，對于消費(fèi)者來說也同樣重要。它涉及所有社會成員的生活。你購買的所有商品和服務(wù)，購物的商店，以及通過廣告付費(fèi)的廣播和電視節(jié)目，都是源于市場營銷。你們每個人都曾或多或少地接觸過營銷活動。也許你試圖把一本用過的教科書賣給校園書店，或者說服你的父母為你的春節(jié)假期提供資金。你當(dāng)時可能不知道，但你確實(shí)在進(jìn)行營銷活動。市場營銷對學(xué)生來說往往具有特殊的重要性。你們中的許多人將在營利性公司或非營利性組織從事市場營銷工作，無論是銷售、零售、廣告推銷還是其他領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)過這一時期，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)不同領(lǐng)域市場營銷的一些信息，如銷售、廣告、營銷概念、營銷組合、市場調(diào)研、消費(fèi)者行為分析、市場細(xì)分等其他領(lǐng)域。企業(yè)在我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演什么樣的角色呢？從根本上來說，企業(yè)有兩個主要功能：生產(chǎn)商品或創(chuàng)造服務(wù)，以及對這些商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)行市場營銷。為了在當(dāng)今競爭激烈的市場中取得成功，商界人士意識到他們必須首先確定人們的需求，然后生產(chǎn)商品和服務(wù)來滿足這些需求。任何一家公司，無論是福特汽車公司還是一家小型零售商，都致力于為客戶創(chuàng)造滿足需求的商品和服務(wù)。無法讓消費(fèi)者滿意的商品和服務(wù)將被市場淘汰，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者不會購買。14.【答案】B【解析】動詞辨析題。forecast預(yù)測，預(yù)示；signify；表示，意味著；illuminate闡明；.characterize具有...的特征。句意：路牌上的數(shù)字30表示限速30英里每小時。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。15.【答案】A【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關(guān)系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。句意：我很高興的聽說你找到了工作，在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報(bào)。只有選項(xiàng)A符合語境。16.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。subscription“捐獻(xiàn)，訂閱”；prescription“藥方，指示”；inscription“題詞，銘文”；conscription“征兵”。句意：我們應(yīng)該訂閱那本新雜志。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。17.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D第5題:B【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.”和許多其他小男孩一樣，我對汽車很著迷，尤其是因?yàn)槲业母绺缡莻€汽車迷，訂閱了《汽車與司機(jī)》和《汽車趨勢》等很酷的雜志。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“和其他男孩一樣想擁有自己的車”和原文不符，作者只是說自己和其他男孩一樣對汽車著迷；選項(xiàng)B“作者在哥哥的雜志上讀到有關(guān)汽車的新奇事物”符合原文；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)D是作者哥哥訂閱的雜志而不是他自己，所以錯誤。第2題:語義題。這句話的意思是“我的車不能做任何我哥哥的車所不能做的事”。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容“Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon'tsteeritcarefully.”它前進(jìn)，它停止，它燃燒汽油，它播放音樂。我仍然需要操縱它，如果我不小心操縱，它仍然會撞到東西。以及第二段首句“Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.”但你猜怎么著？所有這些都可能在不久的將來發(fā)生變化。也就是說，到目前為止，汽車的性能并沒有發(fā)生改變，它還是需要人來操控。所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.”考慮到最近的新聞，安全氣囊在低速碰撞中偶爾會使人喪生，顯然安全氣囊仍然需要一些改進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。選項(xiàng)B與原文“Buttheyaren’tgoingaway.”不符；根據(jù)第二句中的關(guān)鍵詞“occasionally”可知，選項(xiàng)C表述太絕對；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“alcohol”定位到倒數(shù)第四段“Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.”例如，汽車可以配備傳感器，檢測駕駛員身體中的酒精含量，從而防止汽車啟動。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D“它們不會啟動”正確。第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon'tbetechnicallypossible...”汽車最終能自動駕駛嗎？沒有理由認(rèn)為這在技術(shù)上是不可能的。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars.”沒有人真的希望人們完全放棄對汽車的控制，所以選項(xiàng)A不正確；選項(xiàng)C和D在文中沒有提及。18.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的”；liberal“自由主義的，慷慨的”；irrational“不合理的，無理性的，荒謬的”；illegal“非法的，違法的”。句意：在美國，88%的煙民十八歲之前就開始抽煙，盡管將煙售賣給未成年人是不合法的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。19.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改變，更改；vary改變，變化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變；shift轉(zhuǎn)移，變換。句意：希望、目標(biāo)、恐懼和欲望在男人和女人之間、富人和窮人之間大不相同。這幾個詞都有改變的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意為“在...之間變化、有差異”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。20.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。layone’shandson意為“找到，得到，傷害”；capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物，從某事物中獲利”；washone’shandsof意為“洗手不干，退出、不參與”；makethebestof意為“充分利用”。句意：他們試圖收集所有他們能找到的照片。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated2.單選題Our（

）talkspromisedagoodfutureforourcooperation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible3.單選題Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.問題1選項(xiàng)A.lessenB.diminishC.decreaseD.reduce4.單選題Democraticgovernmentisaphrasethatisnotoriouslyhardto（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.creditB.defendC.modifyD.define5.單選題Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo（

）himtoyournotice.問題1選項(xiàng)A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate6.單選題TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.問題1選項(xiàng)A.detectsB.exploitsC.featuresD.survive7.單選題Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnologyB.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfiresC.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfiresD.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities問題2選項(xiàng)A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.B.isstillalerttothefireproblemC.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexpertsD.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem問題3選項(xiàng)A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadultsB.AmericanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessonsC.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStalesD.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency問題4選項(xiàng)A.ArchitectureandbuildingmaterialsB.EducationandtechnologyC.LawsandattitudeD.Alloftheabove問題5選項(xiàng)A.developingnewtechnologyB.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressureC.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamilyD.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances8.單選題TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.問題1選項(xiàng)A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys9.單選題Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conceiveB.clutchC.cherishD.contrive10.單選題Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.問題1選項(xiàng)A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability11.單選題AKoreanmanufacturerhas（

）usapricetenpercentlowerthanyours.問題1選項(xiàng)A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told12.單選題When