冀教版八下英語課件-Unit-7-Know-Our-World-Review

八年級英語下（JJ）教學課件Unit7KnowOurWorldUnitReviewGrammar現(xiàn)在完成時一、現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結構現(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構成，其基本句式結構為：①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.Ihaveseenthisfilm.②否定句：主語+have/hasnot+過去分詞+其他.Ihavenotseenthisfilm.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主語+have/has.否定回答：No,主語+haven't/hasn't.—Haveyouseenthefilm?—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.和主語一致havenot=haven't;hasnot=hasn'thave/has常可縮略為-'ve/-'s二、過去分詞的構成1.規(guī)則變化（與動詞過去式規(guī)則一樣，此類稱作規(guī)則動詞）一般在詞尾直接加-ed以不發(fā)音的e結尾的，加

-d以“輔音字母+y”結尾的，改y為i加-ed重讀閉音節(jié)以一個輔音字母結尾的，雙寫這個輔音字母后加-edwork→workedslice→slicedstudy→studiedstop→stopped-ed的讀音規(guī)則：①在元音或濁輔音后讀[d]，如tried[tra?d]，lived[l?vd]。②在清輔音后讀[t]，如worked[w??kt]，stopped[st?pt]。③在[t][d]后讀[?d]，如mended[mend?d]，wanted[w?nt?d]。三、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1.

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。常和just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），yet（還，仍然），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從未），before（以前），so

far（到目前為止）等連用?！狧aveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?—Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.—Haveyoueverheardthissong?—No.I'veneverhearditbefore.Juliahascollectedover100beautifulhairclipssofar.現(xiàn)在完成時用法1：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。pastIhadbreakfast.I'mnothungrynow.presentIhavealreadyhadbreakfast.（早餐過去吃的，現(xiàn)在不餓。）圖示法表示2.

現(xiàn)在完成時還可以表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“for+時間段”或“since+時間點/從句”連用，這時要用延續(xù)性動詞。Theyhaveworkedinthiscompanyfor30years.Hehasbeeninthearmysince2016.（錯：Hehasjoinedthearmysince2016.）【特別提醒】如果要對for或since短語提問，疑問詞用howlong?！狧owlonghaveyoulivedinthisarea?—Foratleast10years.現(xiàn)在完成時用法2：表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。圖示法表示pastImovedherein1990.Istilllivehere.

presentIhave

livedherefor30years.(30年來一直生活在這里）【拓展延伸】部分非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）和與之對應的延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）的表達。非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）becomebeborrowkeepbuyhavegetupbeupfallasleepbeasleepmakefriendsbefriendsfinishbeoverleavebeaway(from)非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）openbeopenclosebeclosedlosebelostdiebedeadjoinbeamemberof/beinbegin/startbeoncome/gobehere/thereturnon/offbeon/offhave/hasbeento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，暗含現(xiàn)在已不在那里了。后可接次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和just，never，ever等連用。MysisterhasbeentoDaliantwice.我姐姐去過大連兩次。HaveyoueverbeentotheWestLake?你曾經(jīng)去過西湖嗎?have/hasgoneto表示“去某地了”，暗含說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場?！猈hereisJim?吉姆在哪里?—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英國了。(尚未回來)四、have/hasbeento與have/hasgoneto的區(qū)別五、現(xiàn)在完成時VS一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況，因此不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.（不能用lastnight等）I'vebeentoParisbefore.（不能用lastyear等）2.一般過去時只表示過去的動作和狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關?？梢院捅硎具^去的時間狀語連用。Ididmyhomeworklastnight.WhendidyougotoParis?（when一定不要和現(xiàn)在完成時連用）3.

日常對話中通常兩種時態(tài)配合使用，開始提到一件事做沒做或發(fā)生過時用現(xiàn)在完成時，說起這件事具體情形時用一般過去時?！狧aveyoubeentoJapan?—Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear.—Whodidyougowith?—…被動語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,用來表示主語和謂語之間的關系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一、被動語態(tài)的基本結構a.Themathteacherisrespectedbyallhisstudents.數(shù)學老師被他所有的學生尊敬。b.Thetruckwasmadein1958.這輛卡車制造于1958年。c.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember.會議將在九月舉行。d.Mycarisbeingrepairednow.現(xiàn)在我的車正在被修理。e.Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatlyimproved.我們產(chǎn)品的質量已大大提高了。f.Theroommustbekeptclean.房間必須保持干凈。二、被動語態(tài)的用法（1）當動作的執(zhí)行者不必或不易說出時，用被動語態(tài)。Theflowersarewateredeverymorning.（2）需要突出動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。動作的執(zhí)行者由by引出且置于謂語動詞之后，也可省略。Thenewteacherislikedbyallthestudents.（3）表示“據(jù)說，據(jù)報道，人們相信”等，常用“Itis+過去分詞+that從句”句型。Itisbelievedthatbothofthechairswererepairedbyhim.（4）文章的標題、廣告、新聞等用語也常使用被動語態(tài)。TeachersWanted.(省略了are)招聘老師。三、不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況（1）系動詞get，turn，become，seem，look，sound，smell，taste，feel等后接形容詞作表語時，用主動形式表示被動含義。)Thatdoglooksdangerous.（2）動詞need，want以及短語beworth等后接動詞-ing時，用主動形式表示被動含義。Myflowersneedwatering.（3）某些表示主語質地特征的不及物動詞，如write，wash，sell，read，clean，drive等，它們的主語為物時，用主動形式表示被動含義。Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.（4）不及物動詞或詞組沒有被動結構，如：takeplace（發(fā)生），happen（發(fā)生），comeout（發(fā)生），breakout（爆發(fā)），appear（出現(xiàn)），disappear（消失），last（持續(xù)）等。四、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉化主動語態(tài)轉化為被動語態(tài)的步驟（1）確定主動句的主語、謂語和賓語。（2）把主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，若主動句里的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。?）把謂語變成被動結構“be+動詞的過去分詞”，但時態(tài)不能改變。（4）把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by后作賓語，若主語是人稱代詞，應把主格變?yōu)橘e格。注意事項：（1）含雙賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，不要忽略間接賓語前的介詞。WegavesomeflowerstoMissGaoonTeachers’Day.→SomeflowersweregiventoMissGaoonTeachers’Day.（2）含有動詞短語的主動結構變被動結構時，不要漏掉短語中的介詞或副詞。WehandedinourhomeworklastFriday.→OurhomeworkwashandedinlastFriday(byus).（3）在含有使役動詞make或感官動詞（see,watch,notice,hear等）的主動語態(tài)的句子中，這些詞后常跟省略to的動詞不定式，但是改為被動語態(tài)時則要把省去的to還原。Isawhimcrosstheroadandentertheshop.→Hewasseentocrosstheroadandentertheshop(byme).（4）含雙賓語的主動結構變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，既可將間接賓語轉化為主語，也可將直接賓語轉化為主語。若將間接賓語轉化為主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉化為主語，則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。Mymothergavemeapencil.→Iwasgivenapencilbymymother.→Apencilwasgiventomebymymother.BuildingYourVocabulary

I.Readthecluesandcompletethecrosswordusingthewordsfromthisunit.DOWN1.Please________foryourexams,oryou'llfail.5.Ifyouputyour________inme,Iwillnotletyoudown.7.DopeopleinBritain________whentheymeet?preparetrustkissACROSS2.Itis________toarriveatapartyontime.3.Wegotoschooleveryday________weekends.4.Theseplantsfloatonthe________ofthelake.6.Therearemany________thatvisitChinaeveryyear.politeexceptsurfacetouristsⅡ.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.translate

pronounce

spell

polite

increase1.Theletter“k”inknifeisnot____________.2.Thepopulationofthatcountryis__________atabout6%peryear.3.Itisdifficultformeto___________thispassageintoChinese.4.Olderpeopleshouldbespokento________.5.You've________mynamewrong.pronouncedincreasingtranslatepolitelyspeltGrammarinUse

Ⅰ.Fillintheblanksusing“have/hasbeen”or“have/hasgone”.1.I________________amiddleschoolstudentforovertwoyears.2.He________________toschool,soyoucanvisithimthere.3.We________________incollegeforaboutthreemonths.4.She________________toseeXiaoHong.Pleasecallherlater.5.A:Where'sDad?B:He________________toBritain.He________________abroadseveraltimes.havebeenhasgonehavebeenhasgonehasgonehasbeenⅡ.Fillintheblanksusingthecorrectvoice.1.Whatlanguage___________(speak)inCanada?2.Thestarscan______________(notsee)inthedaytime.3.Planes,carsandtrains__________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.4.Manytallbuildings____________(build)inourcitynextyear.5.Thismedicineshould___________(shake)beforeyoutakeit.isspokennotbeseenareusedwillbebuiltbeshaken6.Thesewordscould_______________(translate)bythatgirl.7.Geographycan___________(learn)bytravelling.8.Ourearthmust___________(treat)well.9.It________(say)thathehasbeentoAntarctica.10.Jimdidn'tcometothepartybecausehe______________(notinvite).betranslatedbelearnedbetreatedissaidwasn'tinvitedListeningandSpeaking

Ⅰ.Listentothepassageandmatch.GermansAmericansEnglishmenItalianswillprobablybe15minutesearly.willbe15minuteslate.shouldbealloweduptoanhour.willarriveontime.Travellingtoeverypartoftheworldisgettingeasier,buthowwelldoweknowandunderstandeachother?Here’sasimpletest.Imagineyouareplanningtoholdameetingatfouro’clock.Whattimeshouldyouexpectyourforeignbusinessfriendstoarrive?IftheyareGermans,they’llarriveontime.IftheyareAmericans,they’llprobablybe15minutesearly.IftheyareEnglishmen,they’llbe15minuteslate.YoushouldallowuptoanhourfortheItalians.listeningmaterialⅡ.Workingroups.Discusswhatyouknowaboutdifferentcountriesaroundtheworldandtheplacesyouaremostinterestedin.PuttingItAllTogether

Ⅰ.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.AsiaAsiaisthelargestcontinentinareaandpopulation.Itcoversmorethan44millionsquarekilometres.TherearemorethanfortycountriesinAsia.SomeofthemareChina,IndiaandJapan.Chinaisthebiggestcountryinareaandpopulation.MorethanfourbillionpeopleliveinAsia.That'smorethanhalfoftheworld'spopulation!MountQomolangma(orMountEverest)isintheHimalayas.Itisthehighestmountainintheworld.TheYangtzeRiver(theChangjiangRiver)inChinaisthethird-longestriverintheworld.1.WhichisthebiggestcountryinAsia?2.HowmanypeopleliveinAsia?3.Whatisthehighestmountain?ChinaisthebiggestcountryinAsia.MorethanfourbillionpeopleliveinAsia.MountQomolangmaisthehighestmountain.Ⅱ.Supposeyouhaveatwo--weekholidaytotravel.Makeaplanandwriteashortpassage.Tasktips:Whereareyougoing?Howareyougoing?Whoareyougoingwith?Whatareyougoingtodothere?Ihaveatwo--weekholiday.MyparentsandIwanttogotoWuhuformyholiday.Wewillgotherebytrain.Wearegoingtogosightseeingandtakesomephotos.ThenwewillvisitJiuziSquareandtheMirrorLakePark.Finally,wearegoingtoenjoysomedeliciousfoodintheFoodStreet.Self-Evaluation

Findmoreexamplesfromthisunit.Thenmarkyourstars.Ⅰ.TalkingaboutCon