被動(dòng)語態(tài) 全市一等獎(jiǎng)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)ThePassiveVoice被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本用法當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語的形式是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。變化口訣：賓變主來,主變賓;謂變bedone,時(shí)不變;注意數(shù)格，抄其余。Hisbrotherwashesfaceevery

day.主謂賓Faceiswashed(byhisbrother)everyday.1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+過去分詞Exercises:1)TheyplayfootballonSunday.2)Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.

FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Helookedafter

thelittlebabyyesterday.Thelittlebaby

waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.2.一般過去時(shí)：was/were+V.(p.p)Exercises:Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.

Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.

They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí)：will+be+過去分詞3.一般將來時(shí)：Exercises:Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.

Asportsmeetingwillbehad(byus)nextweek.Somephotoswillbetaken(bychildren)intheschoolyardtomorrow.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+V（p.p)I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+V(p.p)5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+been+V.(p.p)6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：7.過去將來時(shí)：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.

(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.8.過去完成時(shí)：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.

(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9．含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.1)Hecantakecareofthebaby.2)Lucymaydrawthepictures.

Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.

Exercises:各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：一般將來時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+done被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語時(shí)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。(動(dòng)詞后的介詞不可省）e.g.Thestudentslistento

theteachercarefullyinclass.被動(dòng)句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被動(dòng)句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.

2.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(有賓補(bǔ)),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。（即：主動(dòng)省to，被動(dòng)加上to。）

e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被動(dòng)句：Wearemade

todoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被動(dòng)句：Sheisoftenheard

tosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被動(dòng)句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to離開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。（?？荚~有：make,see,hear,feel,watch,notice等。)

3.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)(一個(gè)賓語是指人，一個(gè)是指物)，將其中指人的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語時(shí)，另一個(gè)賓語按順序照抄下來；如是將指物的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語，在被動(dòng)句中則指人賓語前應(yīng)加“to”或“for”。常見加to的動(dòng)詞有:

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell…常見加for的動(dòng)詞有:build,buy,cook,choose,fetch,find,get,keep,make,paint,play,sing…

e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.

被動(dòng)1：Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.

被動(dòng)2：Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.

被動(dòng)1：Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.

被動(dòng)2：Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.4.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。常見的有taste（嘗起來），sound（聽起來），feel（摸起來），look（看起來），smell（聞起來）等.例如：1)Theappletastesgood.2)Thesongsoundsgentle.5.有些動(dòng)詞如:sell（賣），wash（洗），write(寫）等與副詞well（好），easily（容易地）等連用，描繪事物的特性，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。例如：

1)Thecoatwasheseasily.2)Thebookssellwell.

6.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：

據(jù)說……

Itissaidthat…

據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……

Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測(cè)……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

眾所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認(rèn)為……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISES

areusedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.The

ticket

was

found

was

told5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.Wewere

given

were

giventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnon