有機(jī)物命名與聚合物命名教學(xué)課件

SpecialEnglishforpolymerscienceZengxiaoping1.1SaturatedC,H2n+(alkanesa)UnbranchedThefirstfourmembershavesemi-trivialnames(俗名),Followingthemembersoftheseriesaregivensystematicnames.Inthesenamestheending-ane"iscombinedwiththeGreek(Latin)numericaltermforthenumberofc-atoms.inthechainL0:MethaneCHaEthaneC2HPropaneC3H<=ButaneC1013Tridecane25PentacosaneeThaneTetradecane26Hexacosane3Propane15Pentadecane27HeptacosanebUtaneHexadane28OctacosanePentaneHeptadecane29Nonacosane6HexanOctadecane30TriacontaneHeptaneNonadecane40TetracontaneoCtaneIcosane50Pentacontane9Nonane21Henicosine60Hexacontane10DecaneDocosane70Heptacontane11Un'decane23Tricosane80Octacontane12DodecaneTetracosane90NonacontaneCnH2n+1radicals(alkyls)CH4methane,CH3-methylaneButane→buth;propane→propylPentane→pentyl:hnexanHeptane-heptyl:octane-octyNonane→nondecane→decCH2nradicals(1)ane”→ylidene”(又,亞基H2C-CH=Ethylidene(乙叉,亞乙基H3CCH2CH=Propylidene(亞丙基(2)Adivalentradicalwithtwoterminalyl'(r)aneeneCH2-:methylene:-CH2CH2-:Ethylene(乙撐)(3)CnH2n-1radicalsCH=(ylidyne,次基,“川”)methylidyneCH3C=ethylidyne(次乙基,乙川)b)BranchedSaturatedbranchedacyclichydrocarbonisnamedby(1)choosingthelongestmainchain;and(2)prefixingthedesignationsofthesidechainstothenameofthemainchain(inalphabeticalorder)C3H,C2HsCH3H3C—CH—CH2—CH2CH—CH—CH—CH33-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctaneDimethylpentyl<ethyl取代基次序IUPAC規(guī)定依英文名第一字母次序排列。我國(guó)規(guī)定采用立體化學(xué)中“次序規(guī)則”:優(yōu)先基團(tuán)放在后面,如第一原子相同則比較下一原子。CH3--CH-CH2-CH--CH--CH3CHCHaCH如何命名????2,3,5-trimethylhexane2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-butyloctane3-ethyl-2-methyl-5-butyloctane3-ethyl-2-methyl-5-propylnonane2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-propyinonane1.2Unsaturated1.2.1CH2,AlkenesCH2n-2AlkynesAlkanealkene(alkadiene)ane"→"ene"(adiene)Alkane-alkyne(alkadiyne)aneyne(adlyneH3C-CH2CH=CH一CH32-penteneH3C-CH-CH-CH=CH21,3B-pentadiHCCH2—CH2-C=C-CH:2-hexyneRetainedtrivial