競(jìng)賽搶答器的設(shè)計(jì)

2014年3月7日東北石油大學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 主要內(nèi)容、基本要求、主要參考資料等設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)可容納6組參賽的數(shù)字式搶答器，當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)人按下?lián)尨鸢粹o時(shí)，其他組的按鈕不起作用。當(dāng)1、設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)可容納6組參賽的數(shù)字式搶答器，每組設(shè)一個(gè)按鈕，供搶答使用。2、搶答器具有第一信號(hào)鑒別和鎖存功能，使除第一搶答者外的按鈕不起作用。4、主持人復(fù)位后，開始搶答，第一信號(hào)鑒別鎖存電路得到信號(hào)后，有指示燈顯示搶答組別，揚(yáng)聲器5、設(shè)置一個(gè)計(jì)分電路，每組開始預(yù)置100分，由主持人記分，答對(duì)一次加10分，答錯(cuò)一次減10分。完成期限2014.3.7指導(dǎo)教師專業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人2014年3月3日1搶答能引起參賽者和觀眾的極大興趣，并且能在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，使人們迅速增加一些科學(xué)知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)。但是，在這類比賽中，對(duì)于誰先誰后搶答，在何時(shí)搶答，如何計(jì)算答題時(shí)間等等問題，若是僅憑主持人的主觀判斷，就很容易出現(xiàn)誤判。所以，我們就需要一種具備自動(dòng)鎖存，置位，清零等功能智能搶答器來解決這些問題。系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入搶答狀態(tài)，計(jì)時(shí)模塊和計(jì)分模塊輸出初始信號(hào)給數(shù)碼顯示模塊并顯示出初始值。當(dāng)某參賽組搶先將搶答鍵按下時(shí)，系統(tǒng)將其余五路搶答信號(hào)封鎖，同時(shí)揚(yáng)聲器發(fā)出聲音提示，組別顯示模塊送出信號(hào)給數(shù)碼顯示模塊，從而顯示出該搶答成功組臺(tái)號(hào)，并一直保持到下一輪主持人將系統(tǒng)清零為止。主持人對(duì)搶答結(jié)果進(jìn)行確認(rèn)，隨后，計(jì)時(shí)模塊送出倒計(jì)時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)允許信號(hào)，開始回答問題，計(jì)時(shí)顯示器則從初始值開始以計(jì)時(shí)，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)答題的正誤來確定加分或減分，并通過數(shù)碼顯示模塊將成績(jī)顯示出來。當(dāng)主持人給出倒計(jì)時(shí)停止信號(hào)時(shí)，揚(yáng)聲器停止鳴叫。若參賽者在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)回答完為題，主持人可給出倒計(jì)時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)停止信號(hào)，以免揚(yáng)聲器鳴叫。主持人按下復(fù)位鍵，即RST為高電平有效狀態(tài)，清除前一次的搶答組別，又可開始新的一輪的搶答。此搶答器的設(shè)計(jì)中采用自頂向下的設(shè)計(jì)思路，運(yùn)用VHDL硬件描述語言對(duì)各個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行層次化、系統(tǒng)化的描述，并且先設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)頂層文件，再把各個(gè)模塊譯碼主電路預(yù)制圖一搶答器總體框圖2根據(jù)圖一搶答器總體框圖，本設(shè)計(jì)可分為以下幾個(gè)模塊：(1)搶答判別模塊：它的功能是鑒別六組中是哪組搶答成功并且把搶答成功的組別信號(hào)輸出給鎖存模塊。(2)搶答器計(jì)分模塊：由主持人控制，針對(duì)選手的答題情況，進(jìn)行加分或減分。(3)數(shù)據(jù)選擇模塊：主要實(shí)現(xiàn)搶答過程中的數(shù)據(jù)輸入功能。(4)顯示報(bào)警模塊：就是把各個(gè)模塊的輸入的不同信號(hào)經(jīng)過譯碼成BCD碼然后直接在數(shù)碼管上顯示，還可以加上蜂鳴器的聲音，更能給觀眾一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)明的數(shù)字。(5)譯碼模塊：主要原理是四位二進(jìn)制BCD編碼轉(zhuǎn)換成七段二進(jìn)制數(shù)字。(6)頂層模塊：在這個(gè)模塊中是對(duì)前面模塊的綜合編寫的頂層文件。1、搶答器鑒別模塊：在這個(gè)模塊中主要實(shí)現(xiàn)搶答過程中的搶答功能，并能能實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)有一路搶答按鍵按下時(shí)，該路搶答信號(hào)將其余過濾搶答封鎖的功能。其中有六個(gè)搶答信號(hào)S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6;搶答使能信號(hào)EN;搶答狀態(tài)顯示信號(hào)STATES;搶答與警報(bào)時(shí)鐘信號(hào)CLK2;系統(tǒng)復(fù)位信號(hào)RST;警報(bào)信號(hào)TMP。s2.tmp圖二搶答器鑒別模塊圖ENTITYQDJBISPORT(RST,EN,CLK2:INSTDLOGIC;_STATES:BUFFERSTDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO3_IFRST='1'THENG<="000000";TMP<='O';LED<="000000";IFEN='1'OREN='O’THENIF(S5='1')ANDNOT(G(6)='1’ORG(1)='1’ORG(2)='1'0RG(3)='1’ORG(5)<='1';LED(5)<='l';ELSIF(S4='1')ANDNOT(G(6)='1’ORG(1)='1’0R.G(2)='1'0RG(3)='1'G(4)<='1';LED(4)<='l';ELSIF(S3='1')ANDNOT(G(6)='1’ORG(1)='1’OR.G(2)='1’ORG(4)='1'G(3)<='1';LED(3)<='1';ELSIF(S2='1')ANDNOT(G(6)='1’ORG(1)='13ORG(3)='1’ORG(4)='I'ORG(5)='1')THENG(2)<='1';LED(2)<='13;ELSIF(S1='1')ANDNOT(G(6)='1'ORG(2)='1'ORG(3)='1'ORG(4)='.1'ORG(5)='1')THENG(1)<='1';LED(1)<='i';ELSIF(S6='1')ANDNOT(G(1)='1’ORG(2)='1'ORG(3)='1’0RG(4)='1'ORG(5)='13)THENG(6)<='1';LED(6)<='12;WHEN”000001”=>STATES<="0001";WHEN"000010”=>STATES<="0010";WHEN"000100"=>STATES<="0011";WHEN"001000"=>STATES<="0100";WHEN"010000"=>STATES<="0101";WHEN"100000"=>STATES<="0110";WHENOTHERS=>STATES<="0000";2、搶答器記分模塊：在這個(gè)模塊中主要是給六個(gè)搶答信號(hào)記分，并給每個(gè)搶答信號(hào)預(yù)置100分，當(dāng)搶答并答對(duì)時(shí)加10分，答錯(cuò)減10分，沒有獲得搶答保持不變。其中有搶答使能信號(hào)START;搶答狀態(tài)顯示信號(hào)STATES;記分加減信號(hào)ADD,SUB;六個(gè)信號(hào)的得分輸出信號(hào)AA2,AA1,AA0,BB2,BB1,BBO,CC2,CC1,CCO,DD2,DD1,DDO,EE2,EE1,EE0,FF2,FF1,FF0。計(jì)分模塊用VHDL語言進(jìn)行編程的流程圖如下：初始值100分。ADD=1參賽者加10分參賽者減10分45LIBRARYIEEE;USEIEEE.STDLOGIC1164.ALL;__USEIEEE.STDLOGICUNSIGNED.ALL;__ENTITYJFQISPORT(START:INSTDLOGIC,ADD,SUB:INSTDLOGIC;_NUM:INSTDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO0);AA2,AA1,AAO,BB2,BB1,BBO:OUTSTDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO0);CC2,CC1,CCO,DD2,DD1,DDO:OUTSTDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO0);EE2,EE1,EE0,FF2,FF1,FFO:OUTSTDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO0));END,ENTITYJFQ;ARCHITECTUREARTOFJFQISBEGINP1:PROCESS(START,ADD,NUM)ISVARIABLEPOINTSA2,POINTSA1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTOVARIABLEPOINTSB2,POINTSB1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTOVARIABLEPOINTSC2,POINTSC1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTOVARIABLEPOINTSD2,POINTSD1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTOVARIABLEPOINTSE2,POINTSE1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTOVARIABLEPOINTSF2,POINTSF1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTOBEGINIF(ADD'EVENTANDADD='1')THENIFSTART='I’THENPOINTSA2:="0001";POINTSA1:="0000";__POINTSB2:="0001";POINTSB1:="0000";__POINTSC2:="0001";POINTSC1:="0000";__POINTSD2:="0001";POINTSD1:="0000";__POINTSE2:="0001";POINTSE1:="0000";__6POINTSF2:="0001";POINTSF1:="0000"ELSIFNUM="0001"THENIFPOINTSA1="1001"THEN_IFPOINTSA2="1001"THENELSEPOINTSA2:=POINTSA2+'l';ENDIF;ELSEPOINTSA1:=POINTSA1+'1';__ENDIFELSIFNUM="0010"THENIFPOINTSB1="1001"THENIFPOINTSB2="1001"THENELSEPOINTSB2:=POINTSB2+'1'__ENDIF;ELSEPOINTSB1:=POINTSB1+'1';__ENDIF,ELSIFNUM="0011"THENIFPOINTSC1="1001"THEN_IFPOINTSC2="1001"THENELSEPOINTSC2:=POINTSC2+'1';__ENDIF,ELSEPOINTSC1:=POINTSC1+'1';ENDIF;ELSIFNUM="0100"THENIFPOINTSD1="1001"THENIFPOINTSD2="1001"THEN_ELSEPOINTSD2:=POINTSD2+'1';__ENDIF,ELSEPOINTSD1:=POINTSD1+*1';__ENDIF;ELSIFNUM="0101"THENIFPOINTSE1="1001"THEN_IFPOINTSE2="1001"THEN_POINTSA1:="0000"POINTSA2:="0000"_POINTSB1:="0000"POINTSB2:="0000"POINTSC1:="0000"POINTSC2:="0000";POINTSD1:="0000";POINTSD2:="0000";POINTSE1:="0000";POINTSE2:="0000";7ELSEPOINTSE2:=POINTSE2+'1';__ELSEPOINTSE1:=POINTSE1+'1'_ELSIFNUM=“0110”THENIFPOINTSF2="1001"THENELSEPOINTSF2:=POINTSF2+'1'__ELSEPOINTSF1:=POINTSF1+'1';__ENDIFP2:PROCESS(START,DEC,NUM)ISPOINTSF1:="0000";POINTSF2:="0000";_VARIABLEPOINTSA2,POINTSA1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3VARIABLEPOINTSB2,POINTSB1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO.0);VARIABLEPOINTSC2,POINTSC1:STDLOGICVECTOR(VARIABLEPOINTSD2,POINTSD1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3VARIABLEPOINTSE2,POINTSE1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3.VARIABLEBEGINPOINTSF2,POINTSF1:STDLOGICVECTOR(3IF(SUB'EVENTANDPOINTSA2:="0001";POINTSA1:="0000";__POINTSB2:="0001";POINTSB1:="0000";__POINTSC2:="0001";POINTSC1:="0000";__POINTSD2;="0001";POINTSD1:="0000";__POINTSE2:="0001";POINTSE1:="0000";__POINTSF2:="0001";POINTSF1:="0000";__ELSIFNUM=“0001”THENIFPOINTSA1="0000"THENPOINTSA1:="1001";__8IFPOINTSA2="0000"THEN_ELSEPOINTSA2:=POINTSA2-'1';__ENDIF;ELSEPOINTSA1:=POINTSA1-'1';__ENDIF;ELSIFNUM=“0010”THENIFPOINTSB1="0000"THEN_IFPOINTSB2="0000"THEN_ELSEPOINTSB2:=POINTSB2-'1';__ENDIF;ELSEPOINTSB1:=POINTSB1-'1';__ELSIFNUM="0011"THENIFPOINTSCl="0000"THENIFPOINTSC2="0000"THENELSEPOINTSC2:=POINTSC2-'1';__ENDIF;ELSEPOINTSC1:=POINTSC1-'1';__ENDIF;ELSIFNUM="0100"THENIFPOINTSD1="0000"THENIFPOINTSD2="0000"THENELSEPOINTSD2:=POINTSD2-'1';_ENDIF,ELSEPOINTSD1:=POINTSD1='1';ENDIF;ELSIFNUM="0101"THENIFPOINTSE1="0000"THENIFPOINTSE2="0000"THENELSEPOINTSE2:=POINTSE2-'1';__ENDIF,ELSEPOINTSE1:=POINTSE1-'1';__POINTSA2:="1001"POINTSB1:="1001";POINTSB2:="1001";POINTSC1:="1001";POINTSC2:="1001";POINTSD1:="1001";POINTSD2:="1001";POINTSE1:="1001";POINTSE2:="1001";IFPOINTSF1="0000"THENPOINTSF1:="1001";IFPOINTSF2="0000"THENPOINTSF2:="1001";_ELSEPOINTSF2:=POINTSF2-'1';__ELSEPOINTSF1:=POINTSF1-'1';__AA2<=POINTSA2;AA1<=POINTSA1;AAO<="0000";__BB2<=POINTSB2;BB1<=POINTSBl;BBO<="0000";__CC2<=POINTSC2;CCl<=POINTSC1;CCO<="0000";__DD2<=POINTSD2;DD1<=POINTSD1;DDO<="0000";__EE2<=POINTSE2;EE1<=POINTSE1;EEO<="0000";__FF2<=POINTSF2;FF1<=POINTSF1;FFO<="0000";__ENDARCHITECTUREART;3、數(shù)據(jù)選擇模塊：在這個(gè)模塊中主要實(shí)現(xiàn)搶答過程中的數(shù)據(jù)輸入功能，輸入信號(hào)A[3..0]、B[3..0]、C[3..0]、D[3..0]、E[3..0]、F[3..0];計(jì)數(shù)輸出信號(hào)S;數(shù)據(jù)輸出信號(hào)Y;使能端EN;計(jì)數(shù)脈沖CLK2,實(shí)現(xiàn)A、B、C、D、E、F按脈沖輪流選通，在數(shù)碼管上顯示。程序：LIBRARYIEEE,__PORT(A,B,C,D,E,F:INSTDLOGICVECTOR(3,DOWNTO0);CLK2,RST,EN:INSTDLOGIC,S:OUTSTD.LOGICVECTOR(2DOWNTO0);Y:OUTSTDLOGICVECTOR(3DOWNTO0));BEGINPROCESS(CLK2,RST)BEGINIF(RST='1')THENCOUNT<="000";IF(COUNT>="101")THENCOUNT<="000";ELSECOUNT<=COUNT+1;WHEN"000"=>Y<=E;WHEN"010"=>Y<=C;WHEN"011"=>Y<=F;WHEN“100”=>Y<=A;WHEN"101"=>Y<=D;WHENOTHERS=>NULL;4、報(bào)警模塊：當(dāng)某組的選手搶答成功之后，為了讓主持人第一時(shí)間反應(yīng)到搶答的成功，系統(tǒng)需要設(shè)置一個(gè)聲響報(bào)警裝置，來提示主持人對(duì)其他選手的搶答信號(hào)進(jìn)行屏蔽。該模塊在系統(tǒng)中是十分必要的，聲音響起，可以節(jié)約不少時(shí)間，為比賽的順利進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間。在這個(gè)模塊中主要實(shí)現(xiàn)搶答過程中的報(bào)警功能，當(dāng)主持人按下控制鍵，有限時(shí)間內(nèi)有人搶答，有效電平輸入信號(hào)WARN;狀態(tài)輸出信號(hào)SOUND;復(fù)位端RST。BEGIN5、譯碼模塊：該模塊實(shí)際上是一個(gè)譯碼器，作用是用來顯示組別，時(shí)間和成績(jī)，其主要原理是四位二進(jìn)制BCD編碼轉(zhuǎn)換成七段二進(jìn)制數(shù)字，以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的形式輸出在數(shù)碼管上，使觀眾能夠更直觀的看到結(jié)果。譯碼器的譯碼對(duì)照表1如下所示：顯示的數(shù)字/字母BCD編碼七段數(shù)碼管2.進(jìn)制0123456789X表1譯碼器的譯碼對(duì)照表備注：在程序中只考慮0000-1001(即0-9)的情況，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的七段顯示器的碼子，其他情況不予考慮。__USEIEEE.STDLOGICUNSIGNEDALL__PROCESS(AIN4)ENDCASE,ENDPROCESSENDART;程序LIBRARYIEEEUSEIEEE.STDLOGIC1164.ALL;__USEIEEE.STDLOGICARITH.ALLENTITYQIANGDAQIISM:OUTSTDLOGICVECTOR(1DOWNTO0);A,B,C,D,E,F,G:OUTSTDLOGIC);ENDQIANGDAQI;ARCHITECTUREBHVOFQIANGDAQIISCOMPONENTQDJBISPORT(CLK2,RST:INSTDLOGIC;S0,S1,S2,S3,S4,S5:INSTDLOGIC;_TMP:OUTSTDLOGIC,_STATES:OUTSTDLOGICVECTOR(5DOWNTO0));COMPONENTJSISPORT(CLK,RST,S,STOP:INSTDLOGIC;WARN:OUTSTDLOGIC;_COMPONENTALARMIS_A<=LEDOUT(6);B<=LEDOUT(5);C<=LEDOUT(4);D<=LEDOUT(3);E<=LEDOUT(2)U1:QDJBPORTMAP(CLK2RSTTMPSTATESXSTATESOUTUSJXZPORTMAPCLKCLKRSTRSTSTATESOUTTAOUTYMQPORTMAPAINYOUTDOUTLED2、仿真及仿真結(jié)果分析搶答鑒別模塊仿真圖王日田mMasrerTimeBarEndYalueatNsms0AūA1k.01u生胚8單U.0ps1.311ms2.621msmsns王日田mMasrerTimeBarEndYalueatNsms0AūA1k.01u生胚8單U.0ps1.311ms2.621msmsnsmsms聯(lián)于15.825Irrsi9.9wmp8ET11m%m225F13mSSm7834n=Tm58T5nsc1l2]它t5里圖四搶答鑒別模塊仿真圖搶答器記分模塊仿真圖ADD00,U日0CH.CH.CH.1U'ELECC生dd1圖五搶答器記分模塊仿真圖數(shù)據(jù)選擇模塊仿真圖MtasterTimeBar15.675mFoinler2.88msInterval2.88ms;StarttNane15.675.ns050010001001B.01正 0010001001B.01正 T圖六數(shù)據(jù)選擇模塊仿真圖圖七報(bào)警模塊仿真圖譯碼模塊仿真圖P811m2.621m32932m35.243ms6.884/msY86.4m0175m5 3P811m2.621m32932m35.243ms6.884/msY86.4m0175m5 3YalusAⅡ4DOUT?BO1A圖八譯碼模塊仿真圖MeieTingEsnInlenyel37.54End