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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年福建省三明市高二(下)期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共37.5分)AAttractionsinCumbria

InEngland'snorthwesterncornerisCumbria.Thisiswheremoderntourismwasborn,intheshininglakesandsilentmountainswhosebrightbeautyinspiredpoetsandpainterstoturnnatureintoart.

RydalMount&Gardens

MostfamousfamilyhomeofthecelebratedpoetWilliamWordsworthfor46years.SituatedintheLakeDistrictwithviewsofLakeWindermereandRydalWater.Daffodils,thepoet'smostfamouspoempublishedherein1815.

Open:MarchtoOctober09:30-17:00.NovembertoDecember&February11:00-16:00.ClosedMondayinwinter.

TheatrebytheLake

TheatrebytheLakehasawholeviewofDerwentwater—nootherprofessionaltheatreinBritaincanmatch.Eachyearitstagesuptoeightofitsownproductionsandhaswonmultistarredreviewsfromnationalcritics.

Open:09:30-endofperformance,20:00onnon-performancedays.

CumberlandPencilMuseum

Tracethehistoryofpencilmakingandseehowwemakepencilstodaywithamuseumtour.Helpfultipsareprovidedforemergingartists.FreeentrytotheDerwentshopwithdiscountsonarangeofDerwentFineArtproducts.

Open:09:30-17:00allyearround.

TheWorldofBeatrixPotterAttraction

ExploreafascinatingworldwhereBeatrixPotter'smagicalstoriesarebroughttolifein3D.MeetPeterRabbitandstepintoMrMcGregor'sgarden.Withafreeactivitybookforkids,afamilyfriendlycafeandgiftshop,everyonecanenjoyabitofBeatrixPottermagic!

Open:7days.10:00-17:30Summer.10:00-16:30Winter.1.WhenistheRydalMount&GardensopenonSundayinJuly?______A.09:30-17:00. B.10:30-16:00. C.11:00-16:00. D.12:0016:30.2.What'sspecialaboutTheatrebytheLake?______A.Itisthemostprofessionaltheatre.

B.Itgetsreviewsfromthevisitors.

C.Itperformsothers'productions.

D.Ithasauniquelocation.3.Whatdothelasttwoattractionshaveincommon?______A.Theyhavethesametheme. B.Theybothopeneveryday.

C.Theyattractlocalpeople. D.Theyarefullofmagic.BEnjoyingaswimattheirlocalbeachwasonceadailypleasureforMelatiWijsenandhersister,Isabel.Butin2013,whenMelatiwas12,andIsabeljustten,thesistersstartedtolosetheirenthusiasmforswimminginthewatersneartheirhomeontheIndonesianislandofBali.Moreoftenthannot,plasticbagswouldswirl(打旋)aroundthemastheyswam.

Melatididn'tthinkmuchaboutituntillaterin2013,whenherteachergavealessononworldheroeslikeSouthAfrica'sNelsonMandelaandEngland'sPrincessDiana,whohadmadepositivechange.Thatday,MelatiwalkedhomeinsilencealongsideIsabel,thinkingabouttheworldheroes.Iftheycoulddoit,wecoulddoittoo,shethought.

Soon,theygatheredateamof15andnamedtheirgroupByeByePlasticBags(BBPB).Itsmissionwassimple:stoppeopleinBalifromusingplasticbags.Toconvincethelocalgovernmenttobanplasticbags,thegrouporganisedanonlinepetition(請愿)tocollectonemillionsignaturestobanplasticbagsinBali.Within24hoursoflaunching,morethan6000peoplefromaroundtheworldhadsignedup.Althoughitwasfarfromthechallengingtarget,MelatiandIsabeldidwhattheycould.

Thegirls'passionhasresultedinbigchanges.In2017,theyorganisedBali'sfirstbeachcleanup,andnowisanannualevent.Inaddition,theyhassuccessfullystagedafashionshowfeaturingclothesmadefromrecycledgarbageandcampaignedtogetvillagestodoawaywithplasticbags.In2018,BBPBconvincedtheBalinesegovernmenttobansingle-useplasticbags,andthebantookeffectinJuly2019.

Today,BBPBisaglobalyouthmovementandhasmorethan50teamsin29countries."Wedidn'tstartwithanyclearplan,"Melatiadmits."Wedidn'tknowhowweweregoingtobantheplasticbagsbutweknewthatwewantedtoandhadthepassiontofigureitout."4.WhatmotivatedMelatitoformthegroup"BBPB"?______A.Thesuggestionofherteacher.

B.Thestrongwishtomakechange.

C.Theexamplessetbyworldheroes.

D.Theplasticbagsattheirlocalbeach.5.Whatwasthegirls'challengingtarget?______A.Theamountofsignatures.

B.Therecognitionofpeople.

C.Thelaunchofthepetition.

D.Theestablishmentoftheirgroup.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?______A.Thefirstclean-upevent. B.Thebanonplasticbags.

C.Thegirls'achievements. D.Thefeaturesofthefashionshow.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegirls?______A.Braveandgenerous B.Considerateandconfident.

C.Intelligentandkind-hearted. D.PassionateandDetermined.CStroke(中風)isaleadingcauseofdeathanddisabilityworldwide.Youmaybefamiliarwithsomeofthemostcommonlifestyleandhealthfactorsthatcouldaffectyourstrokerisk.However,thereisanotheroverlookedfactor—altitude.

Howcanlivingathighaltitudesaffectyourchanceofsufferingastroke?ThisquestionisattheheartofanewstudyinjournalFrontiersinPhysiology.Thestudyexaminedmorethan100,000strokehospitalisationsanddeathsfrombetween2001and2017inEcuador.Theresearchersassessedlevelsofstrokehospitalisationanddeathamongpeoplelivingatfourdifferentelevationranges:lowaltitude(under1,500metres),moderatealtitude(1,500-2,500metres),highaltitude(2,500-3,500metres)andveryhighaltitude(3,500-5,500metres).

Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewholivedathigheraltitudes(above2,500meters)tendedtoexperiencestrokeatalateragecomparedwiththoseatloweraltitudes.Theywerealsolesslikelytobehospitalizedordiebecauseofstroke.However,thisprotectiveeffectwasthegreatestbetween2,000and3,500metersandtailedoffalittleabove3,500meters.

So,whymightlivingathighaltitudesprotectagainststroke?Itmaybethatpeoplewholiveathighaltitudehaveadaptedtothelowoxygenconditions,andmorereadilygrownewbloodvessels(血管)tohelpovercomestroke-relateddamage.Theymayalsohaveamoredevelopednetworkofvesselsintheirbrainsthathelpsthemtomakethemostoftheoxygentheytakein.

Moreresearchisneededtoidentifythemechanismsbehindthisphenomenon,buttheresultsmaybesomecomforttothosewholiveontopoftheworld.8.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?______A.Byanalyzingspecificcases.

B.Byconductingaquestionnaire.

C.Bystudyingthepreviousfindings.

D.Byconsultingdatafromthedatabase.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tailedoff"meaninparagraph3?______A.Becamemore. B.Becameless. C.Becamebetter. D.Becamehigher.10.Whatmaybethereasonforpeoplelivinghighertohavealowerriskofstroke?______A.Asmallvesselnetwork. B.Specialbrainstructures.

C.Narrowedbloodvessels. D.Adaptationtotheenvironment.11.Whereisthispassagemostprobablytakenfrom?______A.Asciencefiction. B.Asciencereport.

C.Ageographytextbook. D.Adoctor'snotebook.D?HowAIwilltransformeducationisveryimportanttoschoolssuchasmine,teacherssuchasme,andhardworkingcare-giverssuchastheparentsinmycommunity.CouldAIgetourchildrentograspnewconceptsandskills?MightAIbebetterequippedtohelpthemexploittheirownintelligence?Afterafewdayswatchingmychildrenuseartificialintelligence-basedlearningtools,IcantellyoutheshortanswerisNO.

Humanintelligenceisdifferentfromthecomputer's.Forone,humanintelligencecannotbemeasured.Thebrainisplastic,alwaysdevelopingandgrowingaswelearnfromourenvironments.Inaddition,humanintelligencereliesonhumaninteraction.Exercisingourintelligenceissomethingwedonaturallyasweconnectwithothers,considertheworldaroundusandseektoimproveourrelationshiptothatworld.

Ineducation,therehasbeenamovementtowardsocial-emotionalandproblem-basedlearning.Soeducatorsattempttomotivateinterestinsubjectsandskillsbyturninglearningmomentsintocommunal(共有的)problem-solvingevents.Whenwecombineanalyticallearningwithsocial-emotionallearning,studentsbecomemasteredinthematerialwewantthemtoknowandgetmoreexcitedaboutthelearningprocess.

UsingAIlooksverydifferentfromthis.AIlearningofteninvolvesanindividualworkingalonewithacomputerprogram.Itcancrowdsourceinformationtohelpstudentsfindfactsabouttheirenvironment,solveaproblemandcomeupwithacreativewayforward.ButAIdoesn'tforcestudentstothinkthroughorkeepanything.Andsimplybeingfedfactsandinformationisnotthesameas"learning".

ItisfascinatingtoimaginethatAImightcurewhatannoysus.Manyparentsdon'thavetheresources-intime,moneyorenergy—toteachtheirkidsathome.IfAIcouldfillthegaps,howgreat,right?YetthenatureofAI"teaching"asitcurrentlyexistsmeansthatstudentsmerelylevelupwithoutlearning.Whenitcomestodevelopingintelligence,nothingcanbeatwhatwehumanshavebeendoing,facetoface,forcenturies.12.Whatdoweknowabouthumanintelligenceaccordingtoparagraph2?______A.Itismeasuredeasily B.Itisofgreatsignificance

C.Itisrelatedtoeducation D.Itischangeableandinteractive13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAIlearningfromparagraph4?______A.Itiswidelyusedatschool.

B.Itmakesnodifferencetoeducation.

C.Ithelpsdevelopstudents'intelligence

D.Itdoeslittlehelpwithstudents'truelearning.14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoAIlearning?______A.Unclear B.Neutral C.Disapproving D.Favorable15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.CouldAIReallyTeachStudents

B.ShouldstudentsUseAIFrequently

C.HowStudentsUseAIinTheirStudy

D.HowTeachersInteractwithStudents二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共12.5分)Whatdoyoudowitholdstuff?Thattopyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago,forexampleYouworeitonceandit'sbeenhanginginyourwardrobe(衣柜)eversince.Youcouldthrowitaway,butthatseemswasteful-afterallit'sstillperfectlyusable.So,whattodo?(1)______

ThefirstcharityshopsappearedinBritaininthe19thCentury.TheSalvationArmy,aUKcharity,wasoneofthefirsttorunasecond-handclothingshoptoprovidethepoorandneedywithaffordableclothes.(2)______ItalsoraisedmoneyforthewareffortduringWorldWarTwo.

Thesedays,charityshopsareacommonsightwitharound11,200shopsacrosstheUK,accordingtotheCharityRetailAssociation.Duringbusinesshoursanymemberofthepubliccandonatetheirunwanteditemstoacharityshop.(3)______Theseitemsarecheckedandiffoundstillserviceable,priceduptobesoldataheavilydiscountedprice.

Formanythisisawin-winsituation.(4)______Totheconsumer,itprovidestheopportunitytobuy,oftenextremelycheaply,itemsandclothes.Tothedonator,itmayhelptoeaseconsumerguilt"Youcanmakeaprettygoodcase,becausewhatyouaredoingisgoingtowardsacharitablecauseandyouaresavingstufffromlandfill,"ClarePress,fashionjournalistandsustainablestyleadvocate,tellstheGuardian.

(5)______Onmorethanoneoccasionabuyerhaspurchasedsomethingverycheaply,onlytolaterdiscoveritstruevalue.Itsoldatauction(拍賣會)for£4,200.Sonexttimeyouneedtoridyourselfofsomething,spareathoughtforthecharityshop-afterall,charitybeginsathome!

A.Mostcharityshopswilltakeanything.

B.Herearesometipsthatyoucanfollow.

C.It'srecommendedtodonatenewitems.

D.IntheUK,wemighttakeittoacharityshop.

E.Therearesometimeshiddentreasuresforthebuyers,too.

F.Tothecharity,itmeanstheycanpursuetheircharitableaim.

G.ThiswasfollowedbycharitiessuchastheBritishRedCross.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)KatherineCommalehaslongknownwhatitisliketobefeaturedinbooksandonTVshows.(1)______,mostofherfellowAmericanshaveneverheardofthegirl,whohashelpedtosavemillionsoflivesinAfricanvillagesfrommalaria.

Onaspringnightin2006,Katherine'smotherwatchedamovieentitledMalaria:FeverWars.It(2)______peoplewhowere(3)______themosquito-bornediseaseinAfricaandelsewhere.Thenextmorning,shetoldherdaughteraboutthe(4)______overbreakfast.Thelittlegirlwastroubledtohearthat.Hermother(5)______theconversationtothingstheycoulddo,likedonatingmosquitonets.

(6)______Katherinetriedraisingmoneybysellingher(7)______itemsintheleamarket(跳蚤市場),butshewas(8)______athowlittleshecouldgather.Soon,sheandheryoungerbrothercameupwitha(n)(9)______toexplaintootherchildrenhowa(n)(10)______mosquitonetcouldprotectasleepingchild.Theidea(11)______.Whenthatfirsteffortended,Katherineandherfamily(12)______$1500totheUnitedNationsFoundation'sNothingButNetstopurchasemosquitonets.

Graduallyshe(13)______tofamearoundtheworld."It'sjustanactof(14)______,"shesaidwhenbeinginterviewed.The(15)______thatstartedatherkitchentableisonethatshecontinuestopursuetothisday.21.

A.Instead B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.However22.

A.inspired B.touched C.painted D.taught23.

A.fighting B.preventing C.spreading D.treating24.

A.program B.experience C.book D.war25.

A.opened B.had C.began D.switched26.

A.Suddenly B.Initially C.Basically D.Frequently27.

A.old B.favorite C.new D.fancy28.

A.disappointed B.angry C.bored D.surprised29.

A.suggestion B.idea C.answer D.cause30.

A.big B.expensive C.unique D.simple31.

A.cameout B.kickedoff C.tookoff D.turnedout32.

A.lent B.donated C.returned D.left33.

A.agreed B.rose C.kept D.turned34.

A.justice B.wisdom C.perseverance D.kindness35.

A.conversation B.dream C.project D.truth四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)36.TheZuojiangHuasharockpaintings,fromSouthChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,(1)______(include)intheWorldHeritageListin2016.Itwasthefirsttimethatchina'srockpaintingshadbeenlistedasaworldheritage.

(2)______(locate)onthetoweringcliffsintheborderregionsofChina,these38sitesofrockart,thecliffsthemselves,andMingjiangRivertogetherforman(3)______(impress)culturallandscape.Therockart,combinedwithitsspeciallandscape,(4)______(convey)thevigorousspiritualandsociallifeoftheLuoyuepeople,whoarebelievedtobeancestorsofthepresent-dayZhuangpeople.

Themainpaintedareaalongthecliff(懸崖)hasawidthofabout170metresanda(5)______(high)ofabout40metres.Thepaintingsarebetween30metresand90metres(6)______theriver'slevel.Themainareacontainsabout1,900paintings,(7)______includehumanfiguresaswellasanimalsalongwithbronzedrums,knives,swords,bells,andships.Humanfiguresare(8)______(typical)between60centimetresand150centimetrestall,but(9)______highestfigureisover2metres.

Thepaintingswereoriginallythought(10)______(date)fromtheperiodaroundthe5thcenturyBCEtothe2ndcenturyCE.TheperiodoftheircreationsspansthetimefromtheWarringStatePeriodtothelateHanDynastyinthehistoryofChina.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)37.假如你是李華,你在某英文報上看到右邊這則廣告,對其中的活動很感興趣。請你寫一封郵件,咨詢有關具體事宜。

內容包括:

(1)行程安排;

(2)準備工作;

(3)期待回復。

注意:

(1)寫作詞數應為80左右;

(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

DearSir/Madam,

______

LiHua38.Eight-year-oldLilyneverplayedwithdollsororderedpizzaonSaturdaynightslikeherfriends.Instead,afterschool,shesatbyhermother,Stella,andhelpedherknitsweatersandcapsbecausethatwashowtheymadealiving.

WhenLilywasfive,herfather,Adam,diedofcancer.Stellawasanorphan,andAdam'sfamilyrefusedtohelpthem,soStellaandLilywereontheirown."Godrewardsthosewhoarekindandbrave.We'llbealright,honey,"StellatoldLilyeverynightbeforegoingtobed.

AfterAdam'sdeath,StellastruggledtomakealivingandlivedinatentinaparkinglotwithLily.Theirpreviouslandlordhadincreasedtherent,andStellacouldn'taffordit.Infact,shehadn'tbeenabletopaytherentforthreemonthsbeforethelandlordeventuallykickedthemout.

Oneday,Lilywaswalkinghomefromschoolwhenshefeltsomebodywasfollowingher.Shegotscaredandwasabouttorunawaywhensheheardasad"woof"behindher.Lilyturnedaroundtoseeacryingsickdog,muddyandcompletelywetindirtywater,lookingaroundanxiously.Hewaslookingatherwithsadeyes.

"Are—areyouhungry?"Lilyaskedhim,andheletoutaslightwoofasifheunderstoodwhatshesaid.Lilysatdownandbeganpettinghim."Listen,dog,youlooksick,andmommyandIdon'thaveenoughmoney.Wecan'ttakeyoutoavet.IamsorryIcan'thelpyou!"

Butwhenthedogbegancryinginherlap,Lily'sheartmelted."Don'tbesad,silly!Mommysaysweshouldbebrave.OK,let'sgetyouhome,"shesaid,"ButIdon'tthinkmommywillletyoustaythere."Lilybroughtthedogtothetent,althoughsheandStellacouldn'taffordanothermouthtofeed.

InthebeginningStellawasagainstkeepinghim.Amonthlater,shecouldn'timagineherlifewithouthim.ShenamedhimSam,andhefollowedthemeverywheretheywentandneverlefthisplacewithoutpermission.Moreover,hekeptStellacompanywhenLilywouldbeinschool.

注意:

①續(xù)寫詞數應為150左右;

②請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Butonemorning,LilyandStellafoundSamwasnowheretobeseen.________

Thenextday,Samcameback,followedbyaman.________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、B【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據RydalMount&Gardens部分中的Open:MarchtoOctober09:30-17:00.(開放時間:三月至十月09:30-17:00)"和"ClosedMondayinwinter.(冬天星期一休息)可知,RydalMount&Gardens在七月周六的開放時間是09:30-17:00,故選A。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據Theatre

by

the

Lake部分中的"Theatre

by

the

Lake

has

a

whole

view

of

Derwentwater—no

other

professional

theatre

in

Britain

can

match.(湖畔劇院可以看到德文特沃特的全景,這是英國其他專業(yè)劇院無法比擬的)"可知,Theatre

by

the

Lake的特別之處在于它有一個獨特的位置。故選D。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據Cumberland

Pencil

Museum部分中的"Open:09:30-

17:00

all

year

round.(全年營業(yè)時間:09:30-17:00)"和The

World

of

Beatrix

Potter

Attraction部分中的"Open:7

days.10:00-

17:30

Summer.10:00-

16:30

Winter.(開放時間:7天。夏季10:00-17:30。冬季10:00-16:30)"可知,最后兩個景點,Cumberland

Pencil

Museum和The

World

of

Beatrix

Potter

Attraction的共同之處在于它們每天都開放,故選B。

本文主要介紹了英國坎布里亞郡的旅游景點。首先提到了坎布里亞是現代旅游業(yè)的發(fā)源地,其湖泊和山脈的美景激發(fā)了詩人和畫家將大自然轉化為藝術。接著介紹了著名詩人威廉?華茲華斯的家Rydal

Mount

&

Gardens,以及劇院Theatre

by

the

Lake,坎伯蘭鉛筆博物館Cumberland

Pencil

Museum和彼得兔的世界Beatrix

Potter

Attraction等景點的開放時間和特色。

1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。

4~7.【答案】C、A、C、D【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據第二段Melatididn'tthinkmuchaboutituntillaterin2013,whenherteachergavealessononworldheroeslikeSouthAfrica'sNelsonMandelaandEngland'sPrincessDiana,whohadmadepositivechange.Thatday,MelatiwalkedhomeinsilencealongsideIsabel,thinkingabouttheworldheroes.Iftheycoulddoit,wecoulddoittoo,shethought.(直到2013年晚些時候,梅拉蒂的老師給她上了一堂關于世界英雄的課,比如南非的納爾遜?曼德拉和英國的戴安娜王妃,他們做出了積極的改變。那天,梅拉蒂默默地和伊莎貝爾一起走回家,想著世界上的英雄們。如果他們能做到,我們也能做到,她想。),以及第三段第一句Soon,theygatheredateamof15andnamedtheirgroupByeByePlasticBags(BBPB).(很快,他們聚集了一個15人的團隊,并將他們的團體命名為'再見,塑料袋')可知,老師在課上講述的世界英雄們的事跡,為梅拉蒂樹立了榜樣,她也想通過自己的行動來積極地改變世界,最終促使Melati組建"BBPB"團隊。故選C。

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段Toconvincethelocalgovernmenttobanplasticbags,thegrouporganisedanonlinepetition(請愿)tocollectonemillionsignaturestobanplasticbagsinBali.Within24hoursoflaunching,morethan6000peoplefromaroundtheworldhadsignedup.Althoughitwasfarfromthechallengingtarget,MelatiandIsabeldidwhattheycould.(為了說服當地政府禁止使用塑料袋,該組織組織了一次在線請愿活動,要收集100萬個簽名,要求在巴厘島禁止使用塑料袋。在發(fā)布后的24小時內,來自世界各地的6000多人注冊了該網站。盡管這離那個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的目標很遠,梅拉蒂和伊莎貝爾還是盡了自己的努力。)可知,女孩們的挑戰(zhàn)目標是收集100萬個簽名。故選A。

(3)主旨大意題。根據第四段In2017,theyorganisedBali'sfirstbeachcleanup,andnowisanannualevent.Inaddition,theyhassuccessfullystagedafashionshowfeaturingclothesmadefromrecycledgarbageandcampaignedtogetvillagestodoawaywithplasticbags.In2018,BBPBconvincedtheBalinesegovernmenttobansingle-useplasticbags,andthebantookeffectinJuly2019.(2017年,他們組織了巴厘島的第一次海灘清理,現在是一年一度的活動。此外,他們還成功地舉辦了一場時裝秀,展示了用回收垃圾制成的衣服,并發(fā)起了一項運動,讓村莊不再使用塑料袋。2018年,BBPB說服巴厘政府禁止使用一次性塑料袋,該禁令于2019年7月生效。)可知,第一句為本段主旨句,女孩們的不懈努力給巴厘島帶來了變化,故本段主要講述女孩們的成就。故選C。

(4)推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句Soon,theygatheredateamof15andnamedtheirgroupByeByePlasticBags(BBPB).(很快,他們聚集了一個15人的團隊,并將他們的團體命名為'再見,塑料袋'),以及最后一段Today,BBPBisaglobalyouthmovementandhasmorethan50teamsin29countries.'Wedidn'tstartwithanyclearplan,"Melatiadmits."Wedidn'tknowhowweweregoingtobantheplasticbagsbutweknewthatwewantedtoandhadthepassiontofigureitout.'(今天,BBPB是一個全球性的青年運動,在29個國家擁有50多個團隊。'我們一開始沒有任何明確的計劃,'梅拉蒂承認。'我們不知道如何禁止塑料袋,但我們知道我們想要這樣做,也有激情去解決這個問題。')可知,從一個只有15人的小團隊發(fā)展到如今的全球性的青年運動,女孩們對環(huán)保運動很有激情,態(tài)度也很堅定。故選D。

本文為一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了受世界英雄事跡的激勵,梅拉蒂?威森和妹妹伊莎貝爾倆人為了保護環(huán)境而創(chuàng)建BBPB,這個只有15人的小團隊發(fā)展到如今的全球性的青年運動的發(fā)展歷程,以及取得的成就。

1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。

8~11.【答案】A、B、D、B【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段ThisquestionisattheheartofanewstudyinjournalFrontiersinPhysiology.Thestudyexaminedmorethan100,000strokehospitalisationsanddeathsfrombetween2001and2017inEcuador.Theresearchersassessedlevelsofstrokehospitalisationanddeathamongpeoplelivingatfourdifferentelevationranges:lowaltitude(under1,500metres),moderatealtitude(1,500—2,500metres),highaltitude(2,500—3,500metres)andveryhighaltitude(3,500—5,500metres).(這個問題是《生理學前沿》雜志上一項新研究的核心。該研究調查了厄瓜多爾2001年至2017年期間10萬多例中風住院和死亡病例。研究人員評估了生活在四個不同海拔范圍的人的中風住院和死亡水平:低海拔(低于1500米)、中等海拔(1500—2500米)、高海拔(2500—3500米)和超高海拔(3500—5500米))可知,研究者們通過研究2001年至2017年期間生活在厄瓜多爾四個不同海拔范圍的人的中風住院和死亡水平共計10萬多例,即通過具體案例分析進行的研究。故選A項。

(2)詞句猜測題。根據第三段Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewholivedathigheraltitudes(above2,500meters)tendedtoexperiencestrokeatalateragecomparedwiththoseatloweraltitudes.Theywerealsolesslikelytobehospitalizedordiebecauseofstroke.However,thisprotectiveeffectwasthegreatestbetween2,000and3,500metersandtailedoffalittleabove3,500meters.(研究結果表明,與生活在低海拔地區(qū)的人相比,生活在高海拔地區(qū)(2500米以上)的人患中風的年齡更晚。他們也不太可能因中風而住院或死亡。然而,這種保護作用在2000到3500米之間是最大的,在3500米以上一點tailedoff。)可知,海拔與中風之間的關系,起到保護作用最好的海拔為2500米到3500米之間,相比較,海拔3500以上的保護作用稍微弱一點,tailedoff與Becameless意思相近。A.Becamemore變得更多;B.Becameless變得更少;C.Becamebetter變得更好;D.Becamehigher變得更高。故選B項。

(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段So,whymightlivingathighaltitudesprotectagainststroke?Itmaybethatpeoplewholiveathighaltitudehaveadaptedtothelowoxygenconditions,andmorereadilygrownewbloodvessels(血管)tohelpovercomestroke-relateddamage.Theymayalsohaveamoredevelopednetworkofvesselsintheirbrainsthathelpsthemtomakethemostoftheoxygentheytakein.(那么,為什么生活在高海拔地區(qū)可以預防中風呢?這可能是因為生活在高海拔地區(qū)的人已經適應了低氧環(huán)境,更容易長出新的血管來幫助克服與中風相關的損傷。他們的大腦中也可能有一個更發(fā)達的血管網絡,幫助他們充分利用吸收的氧氣。)可知,住在高海拔地區(qū)的人的身體,包括血管、大腦,都已經適應了低氧環(huán)境,故選D項。

(4)文章出處題。通讀全文,尤其是第二段Howcanlivingathighaltitudesaffectyourchanceofsufferingastroke?ThisquestionisattheheartofanewstudyinjournalFrontiersinPhysiology.(生活在高海拔地區(qū)會如何影響你患中風的幾率?這個問題是《生理學前沿》雜志上一項新研究的核心。)可知,文章介紹了《生理學前沿》雜志上一項關于"海拔和中風之間關系"的新研究的結果,最有可能取自科學報告,故選B項。

本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了《生理學前沿》雜志上的一項關于"海拔和中風之間關系"的新研究的結果。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析,結合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據。

12~15.【答案】D、D、C、A【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段Forone,humanintelligencecannotbemeasured.Thebrainisplastic,alwaysdevelopingandgrowingaswelearnfromourenvironments.Inaddition,humanintelligencereliesonhumaninteraction.(首先,人類的智力是無法測量的。大腦是可塑的,總是隨著我們從環(huán)境中學習而發(fā)展和成長。此外,人類的智能依賴于人類的互動。)可知,人類的智能因大腦的發(fā)展成長而一直在改變,同時也存在互動性。所以"D.Itischangeableandinteractive它是可變的和交互式的"正確。故選D。

(2)推理判斷題。根據第四段AIlearningofteninvolvesanindividualworkingalonewithacomputerprogram.Itcancrowdsourceinformationtohelpstudentsfindfactsabouttheirenvironment,solveaproblemandcomeupwithacreativewayforward.ButAIdoesn'tforcestudentstothinkthroughorkeepanything.Andsimplybeingfedfactsandinformationisnotthesameas'learning'.(人工智能學習通常需要一個人單獨使用計算機程序。它可以集中資源信息,幫助學生找到有關環(huán)境的事實,解決問題,并提出創(chuàng)造性的前進道路。但人工智能不會強迫學生思考或保留任何東西。簡單地接受事實和信息與'學習'是不一樣的。)可知,人工智能學習的過程中,學生只是簡單的接受事實和信息,沒有思考或保留任何東西,并不是真正意義上的學習,所以對于學生的學習沒什么幫助。所以"D.Itdoeslittlehelpwithstudents'truelearning.它對學生真正的學習沒有什么幫助。"正確。故選D。

(3)觀點態(tài)度題。根據第一段Afterafewdayswatchingmychildrenuseartificialintelligence-basedlearningtools,IcantellyoutheshortanswerisNO.(在觀察了我的孩子們使用基于人工智能的學習工具幾天后,我可以告訴你簡短的答案是否定的。)以及最后一段Manyparentsdon'thavetheresources—intime,moneyorenergy—toteachtheirkidsathome.IfAIcouldfillthegaps,howgreat,right?YetthenatureofAI'teaching'asitcurrentlyexistsmeansthatstudentsmerelylevelupwithoutlearning.Whenitcomestodevelopingintelligence,nothingcanbeatwhatwehumanshavebeendoing,facetoface,forcenturies.(許多父母沒有足夠的資源,無論是時間、金錢還是精力,在家教育孩子。如果人工智能能填補這些空白,那該有多好,對吧?然而,目前存在的人工智能'教學'的本質意味著,學生只是在沒有學習的情況下升級。說到發(fā)展智力,沒有什么能比得上幾個世紀以來我們人類面對面所做的事情。)可知,作者認為發(fā)展只能還得靠人類面對面的教學,許多父母因沒有足夠的資源,無論是時間、金錢還是精力,在家教育孩子,而選擇人工智能教孩子,其實人工智能并沒有填補這些空白,故作者對人工智能是不贊同的。A.Unclear不清楚的;B.Neutral中立的;C.Disapproving反對的;D.Favorable支持的。故選C。

(4)標題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段HowAIwilltransformeducationisveryimportanttoschoolssuchasmine,teacherssuchasme,andhardworkingcare-giverssuchastheparentsinmycommunity.CouldAIgetourchildrentograspnewconceptsandskills?MightAIbebetterequippedtohelpthemexploittheirownintelligence?Afterafewdayswatchingmychildrenuseartificialintelligence-basedlearningtools,IcantellyoutheshortanswerisNO.(人工智能將如何改變教育,對于像我這樣的學校、像我這樣的老師,以及像我所在社區(qū)的父母這樣勤奮的照顧者來說,都是非常重要的。人工智能能讓我們的孩子掌握新的概念和技能嗎?人工智能是否能更好地幫助人類開發(fā)自己的智力?在觀察了我的孩子們使用基于人工智能的學習工具幾天后,我可以告訴你簡短的答案是否定的。)可知,作者列出多個問題,引出本文主題:人工智能能否教學生,所以"A.CouldAIReallyTeachStudents人工智能真的能教學生嗎?"適合作標題,故選A。

這篇文章主要討論了人工智能如何改變教育,以及作者對此的觀點。作者觀察了自己的孩子使用基于人工智能的學習工具后得出結論,認為人工智能無法幫助孩子掌握新概念和技能,也無法更好地幫助他們發(fā)揮自己的智力。人類的智力與計算機的智能不同,人類智力無法被衡量,而且依賴于人際互動。教育中越來越注重社交情感和問題解決學習,而人工智能學習通常是個體與計算機程序單獨工作。人工智能可以幫助學生找到信息、解決問題和尋找創(chuàng)新的方法,但它不能強迫學生思考或保留任何東西。最后,作者認為在發(fā)展智力方面,沒有什么能比得上人類面對面的教育。

1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。

16~20.【答案】D、G、A、F、E【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據前句Thattopyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago,forexampleYouworeitonceandit'sbeenhanginginyourw

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