英國歷史練習題

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第一章

LandandPeople

考題

I.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts

：

TheBritishIslesaremadeupof________

twolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones

twolargeislandsandNorthernIreland

threelargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones

threelargeislandsandNorthernIreland

TherearethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain.Theyare_______

Britain，ScotlandandWales

England，ScotlandandWales

Britain，ScotlandandIreland

England，ScotlandandIreland

TheCommonwealthofNationsisanassociationofindependentcountries______

thathavealargenumberofBritishimmigrants

B.thatfoughtonthesideofBritaininthetwoworldwars

thatspeakEnglishastheirnativelanguage

thatwereoncecoloniesofBritain

4.Aboutahundredyearsago，asaresultofimperialistexpansion，Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthoftheworld'speopleand______oftheworld'slandarea.

A.onethirdB.onefifthC.onefourthD.twofifths

答案：

選擇：1.A2.B3.D4.C

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

1949，Dublin

簡答

1.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritainandtheBritishIslesGreatBritain，England，theUnitedKingdomandtheBritishCommonwealth？

，

TheBritishIsles，GreatBritainandEnglandaregeographicalnames，

notheofficialnamesofthecountry，whiletheofficialnameistheUnited

Kingdom，butthefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand

NorthernIreland.TheBritishCommonwealthisafreeassociationof

independentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.

2.DescribethegeographicalpositionofBritain

？

Britainisanislandcountry.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.3.WhereaboutsinGreatBritainaremostlyhighlandandlowland

？

ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlandandsouth-eastaremostlylowlands.

，whilethesouth

4.DoesBritainhaveafavorableclimate

？Why？

Yes，ithasafavorableclimate，becauseithasamaritimetype

climate——wintersaremild，nottoocoldandsummersarecool，not

of

too

hot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughout

thewholeyear.

Ithas

asmallrangeoftemperature，too.

5.WhatarethefactorswhichinfluencetheclimateinBritain

WhichpartofBritainhasthemostrainfallandwhichpartisthedriest

？

？

Thefactors

whichinfluence

theclimate

inBritain

arethefollowing

three

：

1）Thesurroundingwatersbalancetheseasonaldifferences

；

2）Theprevailingsouth-west

windsbring

warmandwetair

inwinter

andkeepthetemperaturesmoderate

；

3）TheNorthAtlanticDrift，awarmcurrentcoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.

，passesthewestern

Thenorthwestern

parthasthemostrainfall

，while

thesouth-eastern

corneristhedriest.

6.DescribethedistributionofBritain'spopulation.

Britainhasapopulationof57million.Itisdenselypopulated，with

anaverageof237peoplepersquarekilometer.Itisalsoveryunevenly

distributed，with90%ofthepopulationinurbanareas，10%inruralareas.

Geographically，mostBritishpeopleliveinEngland.Ofthetotalof57

millionpeople，47millionliveinEngland；14millionliveinLondon

andSoutheasternEngland.

7.WhatarethethreenaturalzonesinScotland

？

ThethreenaturalthecentralLowlands

zonesinScotlandare：the，andthesouthernUplands.

Highlandsinthenorth，

8.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheancestorsoftheEnglishand

Scots，WelshandIrish？

TheancestorsoftheEnglishareAnglo-Saxons，whileandrashareCelts.

theScots，Welsh

9.Whatarethedifferencesincharacterandspeechbetweensouthern

EnglandandnorthernEngland？HowdotheWelshkeeptheirlanguageand

culturealive？

TheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople.TheScotsarehospitablegenerousandfriendly.Irishareknownfortheircharmandvivacityas

，

wellasforthebeautyoftheirIrishgirls.ThroughouttheyeartheyhavefestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycalledEisteddfodau.Onthese

occasionscompetitionsareheldinWelshpoetry，music，singingandartandinthiswaytheykeeptheWelshlanguageandWelshculturealive.

10.WhatisthemainprobleminNorthernIreland

？

HundredsofyearsagoScotsandEnglishProtestantsweresenttolive

inNorthernIreland.Sincethentherehasbeenbitterfightingbetween

theProtestantsandtheRomanCatholics.Theformerarethedominant

group，whilethelatterareseekingmoresocial，politicalandeconomicopportunities.TheBritishGovernmentandthegovernmentofIrelandarenowworkingtogethertobringpeacetoNorthernIreland.

第二章

Origins

of

the

Nation

考題

ArrivalandsettlementoftheCelts

BasisofmodernEnglishrace

：

theAnglo-Saxons

TheVikingandDanishinvasions

KingAlfredandhiscontributions

TheNormanConquestanditsconsequences

1TheearliestinvasionofEnglandisthatby_____.

A.theIberianB.theDanesC.theCeltsD.theAnglo-Saxons

2theCeltsreligionwas_____.

A.ChristianityB.DruidismC.NormanbeliefD.RomanCatholic

3theAnglo-Saxonsbrought_____religiontoBritain.

A.ChristianB.DruidC.RomanCatholicD.Teutonic

4TheAnglo-Saxonsestablished_____system，wherebythelordcollectedtaxesandorganizedthelocalarmy.

ofthemanor

A.salveB.feudalC.manorial

（采邑制度）D.Capitalistic

5.TheAnglo-Saxonscreatedthe_____toadvisethekingthePrivyCouncil.

，thebasisof

A.SynodB.Witan

（議會）C.WhitbyD.Shirtcourt

6.______wasknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavyA.EdwardB.BalfeC.CanuteD.HaroldI

”。

ChristmasDay_____，DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.A.1056B.1066C.1006D.10608.TheCeltsmayoriginallyhavecomefromeasternandcentralEuropenow_____.

，

A.France，Belgium

andSpain

B.France，Spain

andsouthernItaly

C.France，BelgiumandsouthernGermanyD.France，SpainandsouthernGermany9.Bythemiddleoftheninthcentury，_____posedathreattotheSaxon

kingdomofEssex.

A.theVikingsandtheDanesB.theVikingsandtheJutes

C.theJutesandtheDanesD.theDanesandtheVikings（是

不是和A同樣呀？）

10.ThebattleofHastingswitnessedthedeathof____inOctober，1066.

A.EdwardB.TestingC.HaroldD.Harridan

In597，____wasthefirstArchbishopofCanterbury.

AgricolaB.ConstantineC.St.AugustineD.GregoryI

TheSaxonswereoriginallyfrom_____.

northernHollandB.northernGermanyC.southNorwayD.southGermany

TheCeltsbegantoarriveabout____BCandkeptcominguntilthearrivaloftheRoman.

A.400B.500C.600D.700

14.TheCeltscametoBritainin______mainwaves.

AtwoBotheredCfourDfive

15._____laidthefoundationsofEnglishstate.

ACeltsBtheAnglo-SaxonsCtheRomansDtheNormans

AlfredtheGreatwastheKingof______.ASussexBEssexCEssexDMercia17.OntheChristmasDayof1066，________wascrownedkingofEngland.

A.EdwardBHaroldCEdgarDWilliam

18.WhenEdward，theConfessordied，theWitanchose______asEnglish

King.

ADukeWilliamBEdithCHaroldDTesting

19.Ofthefollowingfourkings，______diedmosttragically.

AKingEdwardBKingEgbertCKingHaroldDKingAlfred

20.In1066HaroldandhistroopsfoughtagainstWilliam'sarmyonSenlacfieldnear_______.

ALondonBNormandyCStanfordDHastings

21.Fromwhichofthefollowinglanguageswasthesuffix-caster

or-orchestrainEnglishplacenamesborrowed？

ADanishBWelshCLatinDGerman

TheWitan，thebasisofthePrivyCouncilwascreatedby_______.AtheCeltsBtheAnglo-SaxonsCtheNormansDtheRomans

答案：

選擇1c.2B.3D.4C.5B6B.7B8C9A10C

11C12B13D14B15B16C17D18C19C20D21C22B簡答

1HowdidtheCeltsinvadeBritain？

TheCeltsinvadedBritaininthreewaves：theGaels，theBrythons

andtheBelgae.

2HowdidtheAnglo-SaxonsinvadeEngland？

TheAnglo-SaxonsinvadedintoBritaininthreewaves：Jutes，SaxonandAnglos.

3WhobegantoinvadeEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury？

Bytheendofthe8thcentury，theNorwegianVikingsandtheDanes

DenmarkbegantoinvadeEngland.

4WhatisthesignificanceoftheNormanConquest？

TheNormanConquestendedtheEnglishhistoryofbeinginvaded.

5WhoformallybroughtChristianitytoBritain？Andwhen？

ChristianitywasbroughttoBritainbySt.Augustinein597.

名詞講解

1.Heptarch

ItisacollectivenameforthesevenAnglo-Saxonkingdomsfromthe

7thcenturytothe9thcentury.TheyareKent，Essex，Sussex，Essex，

EastAnglia，MerciaandNorthUmbria.Afterthe9thcentury，thesevenkingdomswereconqueredoneafteranotherbytheinvadingDanes.

2.AlfredtheGreat

HewaskingofEssex，oneofthesevenAnglo-Saxonkingdoms.Itwas

hewholedtheAnglo-SaxonstofightagainsttheinvadingDanesand

maintainedpeaceforalongtime.Alfredwasnotonlyabravekingat

wartime，butalsoawisekingatpeacetime.Heencouragededucationand

introducedalegalsystem.Heisknownas“thefatheroftheBritish

navy.”

3.Williamtheconqueror

HewasalsoknownasWilliam，DukeofNormandyIn1066，heledtheNormanstocrosstheEnglishChannelandconqueredEngland.HebecameWilliamtheFirst.HisreignmarkedthebeginningofthefullfeudalsysteminEngland.

第三章ShapingoftheNation（練習題上）

I.Choosetherightanswer

1.UnderWilliam'srule，the——wereatthebottomofthefeudalsystem.

A.baronsB.freemenC.villainsD.lawyers

2.WilliamreplacedtheWitan，thecounciloftheAnglo-Saxonking，

with——

A.theGrandCouncilB.theHouseofLordsC.theHouseofCorranonsD.Parliament

3.WilliamIIwasknownasWilliam——becauseofhisredcomplexion.

A.RufusB.theConquerorC.theConfessorD.theUnready

4.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe——dynasty.

A.WindsorB.TudorC.MalcolmD.Plantagenet

InHenryII'sreign，a——lawwasgraduallyestablishedinplaceofthecustomsofthemanor.

localB.privateC.civilD.common

6.TheGreatCouncilofHenryIIdrewuptheConstitutionsof——in1164toincreasethejurisdictionofthecivilcourts.

A.LabourersB.ClarendonC.OxfordD.Cambridge7.TheGreatCharterwassignedinandhad——clauses.

A.1251，63B.1251，73C.1215，63D.1215，73

8.In1265——summonedtheGreatCouncil，whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.

A.HenryB.thePopeC.BaronsD.SimondeMontfort

9.TheHundredYears'warstartedin——andwasendedin，inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchport

of——，

A.1337

，1453，F(xiàn)landersB.1337

，1453，Calais

C.1346，1453，ArgencourtD.1346

，1453，Brest

10.In1351，theEnglishgovernmentissuedaStatuteitacrimeforpeasantstoaskformorewages.

of——，whichmade

A.OxfordB.ClarendonC.LabourersD.MagnaCarta

IIFillintheblanks

1.UnderWilliam

，the

systeminEnglandwascompletely

established.

2.williamkings，withthe

replacedthe，thecouncilofhisnewtenants-in-chief.

oftheAnglo-Saxon

3.Theproperty

recordinWilliam's

timeisknownas

，

which

wascompiledin

4.wasthefirstkingoftheHouseofPo

old

5.InHenryII'sday，thecountrywasdivided

circuits，andthesystemreplaced

ordealsbyfireandwaterandoldtrialsbybattle.

6.'sgravebecameaplaceofpilgrimageinandbeyondchaucer'stimeafterhewasmurdered.

7.In1215，thebaron'scharter，known

asorwasapproved，which

containedclauses.

8.IntheHundredYears'war，theFrenchheroineled

theFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutoftheircountry.By1453，wasthe

onlypartofFrancethatwasstillinthehandsoftheEnglish.

9.wasthedeadlybubonicplague，whichreduced

England's

populationfromfourmilliontomillionbytheendofthe

14th

century.

10.OneoftheconsequencesoftheUprisingof1381wastheemergence

ofanewclassoffarmers.

Answers：

1.C2.A3.A4.D5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B10.C

II

1.feudal2.Witan，GrandCouncil

3.DomesdayBook，10864.HenryII

5.six，jury，English，Norman6.ThomasBecket7.MangnaCarta，theGreatCharter，638.JoanofArc，Calais9.BlackDeath，two

10.yeomen

III1.DomesdayBookItisabookcompiledbyagroupofclerksunderthesponsorshipofKingWilliamtheFirstin1086.Thebookwasinfactapropertyrecord.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEngland.Itrecordedtheextent，value，stateofcultivation，andownershipoftheland.ItwasoneoftheimportantmeasuresadoptedbyWilliamItoestablishthefullfeudalsysteminEngland.Today，itiskeptinthePublicRecordsOfficeinLondon.2.lollards：羅拉德派theywerepoorpriestsandtravelingpreacherswhowerejohnwyclif'sfollowers.theyplayedanimportantroleinthementalpreparationsforthepeasantuprisingof1381.theypreachingtheequalityofmenbeforegod.3.Joanofarc：圣女貞德shewasanationalheroineofFranceduringthehundredyear'swar，shesuccessfullyledthefrancetodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.4.TheBlackDeathItisamodernnamegiventothedearlybubonicplague，anepidemicdiseasespreadthroughEuropeinthefourteenthcenturyparticularlyin1348-1349.Itcamewithoutwarning，andwithoutanycue.InEngland，itkilledalmosthalfofthetotalpopulation，causingfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.簡答

1.WhatwasfeudalismlikeinEnglandundertheruleofWilliamtheConqueror？

UndertheruleofWilliamtheConqueror，thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.Accordingtothissystem，thekingownedallthelandpersonally.Williamgavehisbaronslargeestatesinreturnformilitaryservicesandaproportionoftheland'sproduce.Theseestateswerescatteredallovertheking.Then，thebaronsparceledoutlandtothelessernobles，knightsandfreemen，alsoinreturnforgoodsandservices.Atthebottomofthefeudalscaleweretheserfs.OnepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEnglandwasthatalllandownersmusttaketheoathofallegiancenotonlytotheirimmediatelord，butalsototheking.2.WhatwerethecontentsandthesignificanceoftheGreatcharter？Contents：notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil；nofreeman