植保專業(yè)英語課程教學(xué)大綱

PAGEPAGE4《植保專業(yè)英語》課程教學(xué)大綱一、課程基本信息課程名稱：專業(yè)英語英文名稱：SpecialEnglishforPlantProtection學(xué)時：36學(xué)分：2適用對象:植物保護考核方式：課堂考試占70%、平時成績占30%先修課程：植物病理學(xué)昆蟲學(xué)二、課程簡介本書的取材主要側(cè)重植物保護的基礎(chǔ)知識，介紹植物病原真菌、細(xì)菌、線蟲、病毒以及昆蟲的種類和形態(tài)、繁殖方式和傳播方式、危害特點以及防治方法。本課程主要是加強學(xué)生對專業(yè)英語詞匯的認(rèn)識，為以后從事植物病理專業(yè)工作、查閱外文資料和論文寫作打下基礎(chǔ)。TheobjectiveofSpecialEnglishforPlantProtectionistopresentbasictheoriesofPlantProtection,whichincludesclassification,morphology,reproductionofthepathogens(fungi,bacteria,virusandnematodes)andinsectsandtheepidemiology,diagnosisandmanagementofplantdiseasescausedbythem.TheotherobjectiveofthiscourseishelpstudentsstudyingspecialEnglish,readingreferencesandwritingpapers.三、教學(xué)內(nèi)容及要求Chapter1Introductiontoplantpathology（一）目的與要求了解植物病理學(xué)的發(fā)展史，植物病害的種類、病害生理、病害防治，掌握有關(guān)植物病害的英語詞匯。（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容第一節(jié)Classificationofplantdiseases1．主要內(nèi)容1）Infectious,orbiotic,plantdiseases（1）Diseasescausedbyfungi（2）Diseasescausedbyprokaryotes(bacteriaandmycoplasmas)（3）Diseasescausedbyparasitichigherplants（4）Diseasescausedbyvirusesandviroids（5）Diseasescausedbynematodes（6）Diseasescausedbyprotozoa2）Noninfectious,orabiotic,diseasesarediseasescausedby:（1）Toolowortoohighatemerature（6）Nutrientdeficiencies（2）Lackorexcessofsoilmoisture（7）Mineraltoxicities（3）Lackorexcessoflight（8）Soilacidityoralkalinity（4）Lackofoxygen（9）Toxicityofpesticides（5）Airpollution（10）Improperculturalpractices2．基本概念和知識點1）Infectious,orbiotic,plantdiseases2）Noninfectious,orabiotic,diseases3．問題與應(yīng)用（1）Whataretheinfectiousdisease?(2)Whataretheinfectiousdisease?第二節(jié)ChapterthreeDiscoveryoftheroleoffungi1．主要內(nèi)容1）bunt,orstinkingsmut,ofwheatisacontagiousplantdisease.Tillet,however,believedthatitwasapoisonoussubstancecontainedinthedust,ratherthanlivingmicroorganisms,thatcausedthedisease.2）Prevostpointedouttheimportanceoftheenvironmentininductionanddevelopmentofthedisease.3）In1861deBaryfinallyprovedexperimentallythatthefungusPhytophthorainfestanswasthecauseofthedisease.4）DeBaryalsomadegreatcontributionswithhisstudiesofthePeronosporalesandthediseasestheyincite(downymildews).2．基本概念和知識點Smut、Phytophthorainfestans、Peronosporalesandthediseasestheyincite(downymildews).問題與應(yīng)用whetheriswheatstuntcontagiousoruninfectiousdisease?DoesPhytophthorainfestanscausedpotatolateblight?第三節(jié)Controlofplantdiseases1．主要內(nèi)容1）ThediscoveryofBordeauxmixture2)onehostissepratedfromotherhost,inordertostopcoffeerustoutbreaks.3)In1972,NewandKerrintroducedthefirstcommercialbiologicalcontrolofabacterialplantdisease(crowngall)byuseofanotherbacterium.2．基本概念和知識點Bordeauxmixture、hostsepration、biocontrol3．問題與應(yīng)用（1）HowistheBordeauxmixtureused?(2)Howisbiocontrolagentused?第三節(jié)Physiologyofplantdisease1．主要內(nèi)容2．基本概念和知識點1）esophagus,intestine,rectum,，anus，stylet，oviduct，uterus，vulva.，testis,seminalvesicle,intestine.copulatoryspicules，hermaphroditic,orparthenogenetic.2）Allnematodeshavefourlarvalstages,3）familyAphelenchoididae,Bursaphelenchus,Rhadinaphelenchus，root-knotnematodes:Meloidogyne3．問題與應(yīng)用1）whatstagedoesthenematodebegintopenetrateplant?2)whatcharacteristicsdoBursaphelenchus,RhadinaphelenchusandMeloidogynehave?（三）課后練習(xí)TranslatethetextintoChinese（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglishChapter3PlantdiseasediagnosisFinaldiagnosis（一）目的與要求通過學(xué)習(xí)植物病害發(fā)生特點、病狀類型、病征類型、田間分布狀況，初步掌握病害的診斷方法，為病害防治打下基礎(chǔ)。（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容1．主要內(nèi)容1）Plantdiseasediagnosis（1）beabletoidentifyadiseaseanddisease-causingagent,（2）beabletonarrowtheproblemdowntoseveralpossibilitiesthatwillrequirefurtherstudyinthelaboratorybeforehecanmakeafinaldiagnosis,or（3）becompletelybaffledbytheproblem.2）Finaldiagnosis(1)hypothesisandmultipleiteration(2)Fungalleafspots(3)Bacterialleafspots(4)Veinbanding(5)MosaicandRingspot(6)Leafdistortion(7)Powderymildew(8)Presenceofspores/sporestructures(9)Leaforneedletipdeath(10)Soilorchemicalinjury(11)Wilts(12)Shootdieback（頂枯）orblights(13)Dyingbranchesoftreesandshrubs(14)Deathoftreeandshrubtop(15)Overallstuntingordecline(16)Damping-off2．基本概念和知識點Hypothesis,iteration,symptom(generalandspecial),sign(pathogenicstructure),3．問題與應(yīng)用（1）Howdoyoudiagnoseplantdiseases?(2)Illustratethedifferencebetweeninfectiousanduninfectiousdiseases（三）課外練習(xí)TranslatethetextintoChinese（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglishChapter4Cultivarmixtures（一）目的與要求通過學(xué)習(xí)作物的混合栽培，了解其對病原物傳播和病原物多樣性的影響、對病原物穩(wěn)定化選擇的作用，揭示生物多樣性對病害防治的作用機理。（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容1．主要內(nèi)容1）Introductiontocultivarmixture2)Anegativeconsequenceofgeneticuniformity3)Asimplewaytoenhancegeneticdiversityistomixtheseedofcultivars(i.e.plantgenotypes)thatvaryintheirsusceptibilitytospecificpathogens.Thismethodensuresgeneticdiversificationwiththeadvantagethatitcanbeusedinadditiontoanyotherformofdiseasecontrol.4)Whatisacultivarmixture?5)Mechanismsbywhichcultivarmixturessuppressdisease(1)Dilutioneffect(2)Barriereffect.(3)Inducedresistance.Inducedresistanceoccurswhenbiochemicalhostdefensesaretriggeredbyinoculationwithanavirulentrace.Triggeringthesedefensesslowstheinfectionprocessofvirulentpathogenracestowhichthehostisnormallysusceptible(more).(4)Cropsanddiseasessuitedtocultivarmixturesa.Sizeofgenotypeunitareab.Steepnessofdispersalgradientc.Ultimatelesionsized.Pathogengenerationtime6)China:Efficacyofricemitureagainstriceblast7)USA:Effectofcultivarmixtures2．基本概念和知識點(1)cropmixture(2)geneticuniformity3)physiologicrace4)geneticvulnerability5)geneticstabilization(stabilizationchoice)3．問題與應(yīng)用1）Howisgeneticstabilizationmade?2)Howisgeneticvulnerabilitycaused?3)Howareplantdiseasescontrolledbasedoncropmixture?（三）課外練習(xí)1）TranslatethetextintoChinese2）Studentssearchforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternet（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish(4)TeacheraskstudentstosearchforforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternesothatstudentslearnthenewestdevelopmentaboutdiseasecontrolChapter5Introductionofspeialenglishforentomology（一）目的與要求了解昆蟲綱的特征以及昆蟲與人類的關(guān)系（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容Definitionoftheinsecta(hexapoda)InsectandMan基本概念和知識點thecharacteristicsofarthropodstherelationshipbetweeninsectandman3．問題與應(yīng)用（三）課外練習(xí)Exercise1:InsectStucture（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish(4)TeacheraskstudentstosearchforforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternesothatstudentslearnthenewestdevelopmentaboutdiseasecontrolChapter6Taxonomyofinsects（一）目的與要求了解昆蟲的分類學(xué)的基本內(nèi)容以及專業(yè)術(shù)語.（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容1)nomnclature2)classification基本概念和知識點nomnclatureofinsects,classificationofanimals3．問題與應(yīng)用（三）課外練習(xí)Exercise2:TheIntegument（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish(4)TeacheraskstudentstosearchforforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternesothatstudentslearnthenewestdevelopmentaboutdiseasecontrolChapter7structureofinsect（一）目的與要求了解昆蟲的外部形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)以及專業(yè)術(shù)語（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容headthoraxandassociatedstructureAbdomenandAssociatedstructuresTheIntegument基本概念和知識點head;thoraxandassociatedstructure;AbdomenandAssociatedstructures;TheIntegument3．問題與應(yīng)用（三）課外練習(xí)Exercise3:Mouthpartsmodifications（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish(4)TeacheraskstudentstosearchforforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternesothatstudentslearnthenewestdevelopmentaboutdiseasecontrolChapter8:InsectGrowth（一）目的與要求了解昆蟲的生長發(fā)育過程以及一些專業(yè)術(shù)語.（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容MaturationandovipositionPostembryonicdevelopment基本概念和知識點Ovipositionisanextremelyimportantphaseinaninsect'slifehistoryTheexternalappearanceofinsecteggsisextremelydiverse.Thenumberofeggsproducedbyfemalesofdifferentspeciesisextremelyvariable3．問題與應(yīng)用（三）課外練習(xí)Exercise4:Classificationofinsects（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish(4)TeacheraskstudentstosearchforforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternesothatstudentslearnthenewestdevelopmentaboutdiseasecontrolChapter9:InsectandTheirEnvironment（一）目的與要求了解昆蟲的生長與環(huán)境的關(guān)系以及一些重要的專業(yè)術(shù)語.（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容DefinitionSpeciesdiversityandnumericalabundanceofinsectsEnvironmentalConditionsEnvironmentalConditionsinaCropField基本概念和知識點Definitionofecology;physicochemicalfactors;BioticfactorsFoodfactors.Intraspecificfactorsinterspecificfactors,Lifeprocessesofinsects3．問題與應(yīng)用（三）課外練習(xí)Exercise5:Insectpestsmanagement（四）教學(xué)手段和方法(1)StudentsreadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese(2)Studentsreadthetextfollowingteacher(3)TeacheraskstudentssomequestionsinEnglish(4)TeacheraskstudentstosearchforforinformationaboutplantdiseasecontrolbasedoncropmixtureontheinternesothatstudentslearnthenewestdevelopmentaboutdiseasecontrolChapter10Pestmanagement（一）目的與要求了解有害生物綜合治理的核心內(nèi)容以及掌握重要的專業(yè)術(shù)語.（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容IntroductionBologicalcontrolI.CulturalcontrolChemicalcontrolIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)基