題型七概要寫作

題型七概要寫作Writing1[2019浙江6月]高考真題閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.第一段為整個語篇的"起"，⑤表達了作者的真實意圖,即本段的主旨"Toomuchpraisecanmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk."。①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.第二段為第一段的"轉"指出另一個極端的危害"Notgivingenoughpraisecanbedamaging."。①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.④"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear：LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."第三段為前兩段的"承"，也是整個語篇的"合"，提出了作者的觀點"It'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.",即"Praiseshouldbefocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome."。①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.第四段為第三段的"承"，用例子支撐作者的觀點。本段主題句是④。寫作指導Para.1①作本段的"起"，描述現象;②作"承"，引入專家的觀點;③作"承"，分析出現該現象的原因;④作"轉"，引出作者的觀點;⑤作第一段的"合"指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文內容的"起"，指出不要走向另一個極端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈現出因果關系。Para.3①作前兩段的"承"，也作本段的"起"，起過渡作用;②是對上一句的回答，引出專家的觀點;③是對上一句的進一步解釋;④引用了專家的說法;⑤作本段的"合"，與②相呼應。Para.4①作上一段的"承"和本段第一個例子的"起";②作上一句的"轉"，呈現作者的真實意圖;③作前兩句的"承",是第二個例子;④作本段的"合"，對前面兩個例子進行總結，回歸主題?！久}分析】本篇閱讀材料是一篇典型的議論文。文章指出,父母對孩子的表揚要專注于孩子的努力過程而不是結果,其語言難度適中,表現出很好的區(qū)分度,體現了高考"立德樹人、服務選拔、導向教學"的命題原則。具體特點歸納如下:語篇結構特征:描述表揚孩子的現象-兩個極端｛一正確的表揚一用例子支撐論點過少的表揚-危害及原因這種行文結構是考生非常熟悉的議論文的語篇結構,易于被廣大考生理解,體現了高考的基礎性和公平性原則。段內句群之間呈現出嚴謹的因果關系和轉折關系等,考生應注意理順這些邏輯關系。每一段都有長難句（畫線部分）,考生只有抓住關鍵信息、充分運用語言能力,才能理解這些句子?！舅悸伏c撥】寫概要時,首先要注意每段的主題句和關鍵詞,通過詞匯替換、句式轉變等多種方式改寫要點,注意一定要用自己的語言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加銜接詞,使各要點之間的銜接更順暢;最后要注意單詞拼寫不要出現錯誤,也要注意大小寫和標點符號,同時還要注意控制詞數,不要少于40或多于80。本文的要點可以歸納如下:要點1,如今,父母總是給孩子相當多的贊揚,希望建立他們的自信心,但是這可能會產生相反的效果;要點2,父母對孩子表揚不夠同樣有損孩子的自信心;要點3,專家認為,父母應該因為努力過程而贊揚孩子,而不是因為事情的結果;要點4,孩子如果很努力,確實值得被贊揚?？傊?父母給孩子的贊揚的多少取決于孩子的努力程度?！痉段恼故尽縉owadays,parentstendtoofferconsiderablepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtobuildtheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.（要點一）However,notenoughpraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtochildren'sself-confidence.（要點二［Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.（要點三）Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheymakegreateffort.Anyway,theamountofpraiseparentsgiveshoulddependonhowhardtheirkidswork.（要點四）【亮點點評】1.范文準確把握了每一段的要點,且各要點之間的邏輯關系清晰,行文順暢、連貫。2?各要點之間使用了恰當的銜接詞，如:but,However,Therefore,Meanwhile,Anyway等。3.作者在寫作中也特意轉換了一些原文中的關鍵詞匯:toomuch-considerable;bejusttheopposite—producetheoppositeeffect;say-claim等。過關檢測Writing1［2018浙江11月］閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校園）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顧問）,anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Y.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.Writing2閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation,studentsarenowabletostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesoftheindividualwayoflearning,whileothereducationalistsstronglyopposeit,claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtopooracademicperformance.Inmyopinion,groupstudy(studyingasagroup)hasmanymoretooffer,andthereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Itistruethatweshouldvalueindividualism,pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourabilitytomakeupourownminds.This,however,doesnotnecessarilymeanthat,withself-relianceinmind,wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess,nomatterwhatwedo.Afterall,sometimesthingsgotheotherwayround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying,whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsatfirstthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount?Theanswerisabsolutely"Yes".Byexchangingthoughtswithourstudypartners,wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel;bycomparingourselveswithotherstudents,wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwemaybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehindothers.Itisknowntoallthathumansare"gregarious(群群居的)animals".Notonlydowestudyorplaytogetherbutalsoweworkingroups.Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers,andstudyingwithotherpeopleoffersthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlearningability,buttheymaynotsurviveinthecompetitivejobmarket,fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whileweshouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset,theimportantroleplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall,studentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachievesuccessinthefuture.Writing3閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Areyoutryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou'realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation?Youmightwanttoholdoffthat.Feelingstressfulchangeshowpeopleweighriskandreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymoreattentiontothepositivesidesofapossibleoutcome.It'sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright,saysMaraMatherfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Sheco-wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR.Lighthall."Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,"Mathersays."Stressisusuallyassociatedwithnegativeexperiences,soyou'dthink‘MaybeI'mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeoutcomes'."Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress,theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationanddiscountingnegativeinformation."Stressseemstohelppeoplelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair（削弱）theirlearningfromnegativefeedback,"Mathersays.Whenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision,theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativesthey'reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho'sthinkingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressfulaboutitmightfocusontheincreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute（上下班路程）.Theincreasedfocusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevokingaddictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges."Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey'relessabletoresistit,"Mathersays.Stressalsoincreasesthedifferencesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisks.Whenmenareunderstress,theybecomeevenmorewillingtotakerisks;whenwomenarestressful,theygetmoreconservative.Previousresearchbacksthisup—atdifficulttimes,mentendtowardsthefight-or-flightresponse,whilewomentrytobondmorewithothersandimprovetheirrelationships.Writing4閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Somepeopledoubttheaccuracyandreliabilityofthefacialrecognitiontechnology.Theyneednot,becausethetechnologyishighlyadvanced.Itcandistinguishahumanfacewithorwithoutglasses.Testsshowithasaprecisionrateofmorethan99percent.Somearguethatthefingerprintoriris（虹膜）recognitionsystemisperhapsmoreaccuratethanthefacialrecognitionsystem.True,butforirisrecognition,apersonhastoholdhisorherheadstillandlookatthecamera,whichistime-consumingandthusnotsuitableforpublicspacessuchassubwaystations.Andthefingerprintrecognitionsystemisnotsosecure,assomepeoplecancheatthesystembycopyingandusingthefingerprintsofotherpeopletoenterorexitastation.Thefacialrecognitionsystemisrathermature.Itcollectspeople'sfacialimagesfromdifferentangles,insteadofone,andthereforeminimizesthechanceofcheating.Actually,itisalreadybeingappliedtomanyfieldssuchasunlockingsmartphonesandcomputers.Besides,thefacialrecognitiontechnologycanalsohelpthepolicetohuntescapedcriminalsinpublicspaces.However,thelawsaysacitizen'sphotoshouldnotbecollectedforcommercialusewithouthis/herpermission.Toavoidsuchlegalrisks,somemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethecollectionofpassengerinformation.First,companiesmustensurethecollectedfacialimagesareonlyforpublicconvenience,andwillneverbeusedforcommercialpurposes,suchasadvertising.Second,companiesmusttakenecessarymeasurestomakesurenotevenasingleoneisleakedorsoldtoanythirdpartywithoutthepassenger'spermission.Generally,advancedtechnologiescanbeusedinpublicspaces,butpeople'srightsmustberespected,atleasttoavoidlegalrisks.Writing5閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishdisposed（處理）carelessly.Therearedif