人教版高一英語必修四Unit2-Grammar課件

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語1一、動(dòng)名詞的形式

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞的-ing形式相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，也保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征。一、動(dòng)名詞的形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbe2指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Themusicisexciting.Weheardhersinginginherroom.Beingill,shewentbackhome.主語賓語定語表語賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。主語賓語定語表語賓語補(bǔ)足語3一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：1）Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2）Watching

newsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.3）Going

to

Hangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.4）Asking

awoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry.一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語4二、功能及用法(作主語)動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。1)捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的.______________________issomethingweshouldneverdo．2)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來說非常重要。___________________isveryimportantforme．3)說比做容易。__________iseasierthandoing.PlayingtricksonothersLearningnewwordsSaying二、功能及用法(作主語)Playingtrickson52.-ing形式作主語時(shí)常后置,此時(shí)須用it作形式主語,用形容詞或名詞作表語。常見的名詞或名詞短語有:nouse,nogood,fun,apleasure,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容詞有:worth,worthwhile,useless,useful等。2.-ing形式作主語時(shí)常后置,此時(shí)須用it作形式主6歸納:常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing

做…是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing

做……是沒用處的

Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做…是值得的

Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing

做……不值得歸納:常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：71)It’sworthmakingtheeffort．做出努力是值得的。

2)和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。_____________________________withShylock．3)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。________________________________________4)玩電子游戲是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It'sawasteoftime____________________.ItisuselesstryingtoargueItisapleasureworkingwithyou．playingcomputergames.ItisuselesstryingtoargueI83.在therebeno...結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。

Thereisnosenseindoing

做……沒有道理Thereis/wasnouse/good(in)doing

做……無意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopoint(in)doing

做……無意義Thereis/wasnowaydoing無法做------3.在therebeno...結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)91.There'snouse/goodcomplaining.2.Thereisnopointindoingso.怨天尤人是沒有用的那樣做毫無意義。1.There'snouse/goodcomplain10【完成句子】1）Itisnogood________________.學(xué)習(xí)而不實(shí)踐是沒有好處的。2)這種事開不得玩笑。Thereis________________aboutsuchmatter.3)無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開。

Therewas____________whenhewouldleave.nojokingnoknowinglearningwithoutpractice【完成句子】nojokingnoknowinglearn11注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth干……沒必要在此句式中todo不可換為doing沒有必要告訴她。__________________________________Thereisnoneedtotellher.二、功能及用法(作主語)注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth12【注意】動(dòng)名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示泛指的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。作賓語時(shí)的情況也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危險(xiǎn)。(泛指)Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心點(diǎn)！玩火會(huì)帶來危險(xiǎn)。(指一具體動(dòng)作)【注意】131)還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)侯，她就覺得探視病人是一種責(zé)任，也是一種愉悅。Asachild，shefeltthat_________________wasadutyandapleasure．2)到美國人家里做客對(duì)我來說將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。____________inanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.二、功能及用法(作主語)visitingsickpeopleTobeaguest1)還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)侯，她就覺得探視病人是一種責(zé)任，也是一種愉141)There/Itbe…doingsth.句型不能換為不定式2)而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…這類句型中，只能用不定式如：

It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，一般兩者可以互換，差異不大，但下列情況不能互換．1)There/Itbe…doingsth.句型不15▲動(dòng)名詞作賓語有兩種情況：1)有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；2)有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。(1)只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有avoid,admit,appreciate(欣賞),consider，deny(否定),dislike,delay(延期),enjoy,escape,excuse,keep,finish,fancy,feellike(想要),suggest,cannothelp(不得不/禁不住),imagine,mind，miss,practise,risk(冒險(xiǎn)),cannotstand(受不了)等。二、功能及用法(用作賓語)▲動(dòng)名詞作賓語有兩種情況：二、功能及用法(用作賓語)16可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞口訣：避免錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞口訣：17Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.他昨天把這本書讀完了。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗戶嗎？Itriedtoavoidmakingthesamemistake.我盡力避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Ican'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.我受不了被那樣對(duì)待。Thebirdescapedbeingshot.這只鳥沒有被射中。Hefinishedreadingthebooky181)我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Wemusttryto______________thesamemistake．2)人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。People___________________________thatfoolishman．a(chǎn)voidrepeatingcouldn’thelplaughingat1)我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。avoidrepeat193)Billsuggested________ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.(2009·上海，35)A．havingheld B．toholdC．holding D．hold解析:suggest后面要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，A項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)，表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞suggested之前的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。因此，不合題意，故被排除。C3)Billsuggested________amee20(2)英語中有一些動(dòng)詞短語也常跟v.-ing形式作賓語,如:insiston(堅(jiān)持)，objectto(反對(duì))，begoodat，leadto，leaveoff(停止)，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike(想要)，devoteto(把……奉獻(xiàn)給)，getusedto(習(xí)慣于)，payattentionto，beworth等。Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper?晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望收到你的來信。Hehasgotusedtolivinginthecountryside.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣住在鄉(xiāng)下。(2)英語中有一些動(dòng)詞短語也常跟v.-ing形式作賓語,21(3)既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，hate,remember,goon(繼續(xù))等。(3)既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語22A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,ing表示泛指的動(dòng)作,todo表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義沒有什么不同,尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候。

A.在like,love,hate,prefer等23C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。-ing表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,-todo表示動(dòng)作還沒發(fā)生；Irememberposting

theletter．I’ll

remember

to

post

theletter．Ishallnever

forget

seeing

thefamouswriter．Don’t

forget

to

write

toyourmother．I

regret

missing

thereport．I

regret

to

say

Ican’ttakeyouradvice．C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret24人教版高一英語必修四Unit2-Grammar課件25D.意義各不相同trytodo(設(shè)法)meantodo(打算,有意要做)trydoing(試試)meandoing(意思是,意味著)beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodo被用來做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事E.goondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。D.意義各不相同E.26人教版高一英語必修四Unit2-Grammar課件271.Hestopped_______andhavearest.(smoke)2.Hereallymuststop_______.3.Ioncetried_______French.(learn)4.Let’stry_________atthebackdoor.(knock)5.Ididn’tmean________yourfeeling.(hurt)6.Thiswordmeans________outatonce.(set)tosmokesmokingtolearnknockingtohurtsetting1.Hestopped_______andhavea287.Ican’thelp__________theroom,forIamtoobusy.(clean)8.Afterhearingthejoke,wecan’thelp_________.(laugh)9.Waterisusedto_______flowers.(water)10.Iamusedto________early.(get)11.Thoughitrained,theywenton_________.(work)12.WehavefinishedPart1.Let’sgoon_________P2.(Learn)tocleanlaughingwatergettingupworkingtolearn7.Ican’thelp__________ther29【感悟高考】Istillremember____________(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(陜西高考)解析:remembertodosth.記著去做某事；rememberdoingsth.記著做過某事。根據(jù)“whatIsawthere”可知，此處應(yīng)用后者；由takesb.toaplace“帶/領(lǐng)某人去某地”可知用被動(dòng)。beingtaken【感悟高考】beingtaken30單選：1）Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_____alone,butshedidn'tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived2)Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise____thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.A.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park單選：1）Susanwantedtobeindepe31need，demand，want，require在表示“需要”時(shí)，用v.-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。repairing.Thecarneedstoberepaired.這輛汽車需要修理。Thesickwomanrequiredtakinggoodcareof/tobetakengoodcareof.這位生病的婦女需要很好地照顧。(4).need，demand，want，require在表示“需要32▲動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：1.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語或賓語。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)名詞加了一個(gè)邏輯主語?！鴦?dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：332.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：(1)形容詞性物主代詞＋動(dòng)名詞(2)名詞's＋動(dòng)名詞(3)代詞賓格＋動(dòng)名詞(4)名詞＋動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，不能用這兩種形式無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用這種形式2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：作主語時(shí)，不能用341)Doyoumindmy/mecominglateforthefilm?我看電影遲到你介意嗎？當(dāng)該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，名次所有格可以用普通格代替，形容詞性物主代詞可用代詞賓格代替，做主語時(shí)不可以。1)Doyoumindmy/mecoming35Tom'swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。練習(xí)：1)DoyoumindJack's/Jackclosingthewindownow?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在關(guān)上窗子嗎？Tom'swinningthefirstprize362)我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。

Mysister'sbeingillmademeworried.3)你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。

Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymean___________________________.mybeingwrong2)我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。mybeingwrong37▲動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式：動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,帶有邏輯主語時(shí)，not應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前。Excusemeformynotcomingontime.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫覜]按時(shí)到。I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.對(duì)不起，我沒有兌現(xiàn)我的承諾?！鴦?dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式：38完成句子：1.你沒有理由不去。Youhavenoexcusefor_____________.2.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。Hewaspunishedfor_______________________3._____tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.A.HimnotgettingB.NothisgettingC.HisnotgettingD.Notgettingnotgoingnothavingdonehishomework完成句子：notgoingnothavingdone39【單句改錯(cuò)】①Idon'tfeelliketowork. __________________②Ifyouthinkthattheillnessisserious，youshouldnotputofftoseethedoctor. ________③WithSundaycomingsoon，thesechildrenarelookingforwardtogoinghomeandseetheirparents. ________④Theteacheraskedustostoptalkingandlisteningtohim. ________⑤Thelightisstillon.Hemusthaveforgottenturningitoff. ________towork―→workingseeingseeinglistentoturn【單句改錯(cuò)】towork―→workingseeingse401.____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.

(2004全國)

A.HavingsufferedB.Suffering

C.ThatD.Suffered精析：根據(jù)句意“itmaynowbetoolateto…”和“already”可知“河流已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染”，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。答案A。高考鏈接1.____suchheavypollutiona412.___thegeneral(一般)stateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfrom

theoperation.(全國2002)

A.GivenB.Togive

C.GivingD.Havinggiven

【解析】句意：“考慮到他的健康狀況，可能他還需要一段時(shí)間才能從手術(shù)中康復(fù)?！北绢}考查過去分詞作狀語的用法,這里given是“由于，鑒于，考慮到的意思(=considering)”。given這里和句子的主語之間沒有任何邏輯關(guān)系，所以本稱之為“分詞的懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)”。我們可以把他們看作是固定的用法。類似的還有：judging

from...2.___thegeneral(一般)stateof423.Thepicture____onthewallispaintedbymyniece.(2001上海)havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法。分析題目可知，主句是Thepictureispaintedbymyniece,謂語是ispainted，那么選項(xiàng)部分應(yīng)是充當(dāng)定語的。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，其一般不作定語，只作時(shí)間或原因狀語；C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞“第三人稱單數(shù)”顯然也不能作定語，只作謂語；分析thepicture與動(dòng)作hang之間的關(guān)系，hang表示“懸掛”時(shí)不用被動(dòng)態(tài)，D項(xiàng)排除；B項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichishanging。答案B。3.Thepicture____onthewal434.Davidthreatened(威脅)___________hisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A．tobereportedB．reportingC．toreportD．havingreported5.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A．havingheldB．toholdC．holdingD．hold答案：suggest后接doing作賓語。CC4.Davidthreatened(威脅)_______44(6)(2008·上海－35)Somethingassimpleas_______somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelievepressure.A．todrinkB．drinkingC．tobedrinkingD．drunk題意：諸如喝涼水這般簡單的事物可以使心境清寧，解除壓力。本題考查動(dòng)名詞短語擔(dān)任介詞as的賓語。B(6)(2008·上海－35)B45(7)(2008·江西－24)Ihearthey’vepromoted(提升)Tom,buthedidn'tmention________whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted答案:題意為“我聽說他們給湯姆升了職。但是我們通電話的時(shí)候，他并未提到被升職之事?！薄疤峒澳呈隆睉?yīng)在mention后接動(dòng)名詞，被升職發(fā)生在“未提到”之前，因此應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)完成式。B(7)(2008·江西－24)B46(8)(2010·河南省焦作市高一下期末)—Summervacationisapproaching.Haveyoudecidedhowtospendit?—Well,Iconsider________anEnglishtrainingcentretoimprovemyspokenEnglish.A．toattendB．a(chǎn)ttendingC．tobeattendingD．a(chǎn)ttend答案：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。答語句意：我打算參加英語培訓(xùn)課程以提高我的英語口語水平。consider作“考慮，打算”講時(shí)，后接doing作賓語。B(8)(2010·河南省焦作市高一下期末)B47(9)(2010·上海春招)________wellinaninterviewwillbeanimportantpartofgettingaplaceatuniversity.A．DoB．DoingC．DoneD．Beingdone答案：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。題意：面試表現(xiàn)好將對(duì)在大學(xué)獲得一席之地起重要作用。v.-ing形式作句子主語。B(9)(2010·上海春招)________wellin48(10)(2010·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江高一下期末)—Dad,ourteachersuggests________widelytoachieveprogressinourwriting.—It'suptoyouto________thedecision.A．reading;makeB．toread;makeC．reading;makingD．toread;making答案：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。第一空suggest后接doing作賓語；第二空it’suptosb.todosth.“該某人干某事了?！盇(10)(2010·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江高一下期末)A4911.Remember__thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback12.Writingstoriesandarticles__whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were11.Remember__thenewspaperw5013.Heattendedthepartywithout___.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited14.By____,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated13.Heattendedthepartywith5115.Iremembered____thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee16.Iregret____thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.X15.Iremembered____thisper5217.Hewasafraid___forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen17.Hewasafraid___forbeing531.出國旅行是很激動(dòng)人心的。2在這兒等是沒用的,我們走吧。3我記得在哪里見過他。4我后悔沒聽你的勸告。5幫助別人就是幫助你自己。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.It’snousewaitinghere.Let’sgo.Irememberseeinghersomewhere.Iregretnotfollowingyouradvice.Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.Translation

1.出國旅行是很激動(dòng)人心的。Travellingabroa54【完成句子】①Itisnogood____________________________.學(xué)習(xí)而不實(shí)踐是沒有好處的。②Theflowersinyourgardenwant_____________________________________.你花園里的花需要澆水。③Wedon'tallow__________________________.我們不允許在辦公室里吸煙。learningwithoutpracticewatering/tobewateredsmokingintheoffice【完成句子】learningwithoutpractic55【完成句子】④It'snouse__________________________.向她道歉是沒有用的。⑤Iregret____________________________.我后悔上學(xué)的時(shí)候沒有刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。apologizingtohernothavingstudiedhardatschool【完成句子】apologizingtohernotha56seeyouseeyou57動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語，定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語，定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語58

三、-ing形式作表語

1.-ing形式作表語時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后,表示一般性的

行為，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容，與主語是同一概念，表語和主語可互換。1)Herhobbyispainting.=Paintingisherhobby.2)Myjobislooking

afterthechildren.=Lookingafterthechildrenismyjob.三、-ing形式作表語592.表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，可看做形容詞，不可與主語互換。3)Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.4)Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.5）Whathesaidwasmoving.6)Thefilmisveryinteresting.常見的詞有：moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing(表示令--------的）2.表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，可看做形容詞，不可與主語互換。60四、-ing形式作定語1.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面,既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g.buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料四、-ing形式作定語61drinkingwater=waterfordrinkingawalkingstick=astickforwalkingareadingroom=aroomforreadingawritingdesk=adeskforwritingtiringmusic=musicthatistiringasurprisingresult=aresultthatis

surprising

drinkingwater=waterfordri622.–ing形式短語作定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。1）Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.2）Theman

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.

3）Anybodyswimming

in

this

riverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.2.–ing形式短語作定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之633.-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,這時(shí),它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。1)Hisbrother,working

as

ateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.2)Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthe

breeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.3.-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語,64Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws________parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.f