情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣課件-2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習

情態(tài)動詞1.can與could四種常見用法能力；猜測、客觀可能性：肯定句、疑問句、否定句請求與允許：疑問句中驚異、懷疑、不相信(常放疑問句中)Howcanitbe(that)sb.+V?can’t的三種含義：1）不能；表沒能力2）不可能；表否定判斷或猜測3）不可以；表禁止，語氣弱于mustn’t2.may三種常見用法許可否定形式mustn’t---MightI…?---Yes,youmay/can.…No,youmustn’t./you’dbetternot.2)猜測、可能（不用于疑問句）否定形式maynot(意為“可能不”)3）祝愿（用于祈使句）3.will與would四種常見用法意愿→不樂意won’t/wouldn’t

物件不適用。如：Thedoorwon’tlock.

物件適用。如：100yuanwilldoformytrip.2）習慣，總是3）客觀趨勢、真理4）will表“臨時起意”4.should五種常見用法1）現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼牧x務(wù)、責任“應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當”2）猜測、推論“理該、按道理該。。。”3）虛擬條件句中，“萬一”4）意外、驚喜、不可思議“竟然、居然”5）名詞性從句中的虛擬（should）+動詞原形6）委婉5.oughtto兩種常見用法同should的1、2中用法。較正式。過去該做而未做oughttohavedone…=shouldhavedone…5.shall

的常見兩種用法1）肯定句中對主語的命令、警告、威脅、強制、允諾；法令條紋制度規(guī)則2）疑問句中用于第一第三人稱表征求對方意見或請求。ShallI/we/he/she/Tom/Rose/…dosth.?6.must的常見三種用法：1）義務(wù)、意圖、建議否定形式：mustn’t禁止，不允許2）猜測“必定、肯定”否定形式：can’t不可能3)主張“偏要、非得要、一定要”條件句、疑問句中7.表請求、允許、允諾注意：人稱與情態(tài)動詞之間的呼應(yīng)。表委婉的could/would/might，回答中恢復(fù)原形:can,will,may.常考點：41.Can(Could)/May(Might)/ShallIdosth.?2.Will(Would)/Can(Could)youdosth.?3.ShallI/we/he/she/they/Tom/Rose/theapplicantdosth.?過去不敢做某事:darednotdosth.didn’tdare(to)dosth.過去沒必要做某事needn’tdosth.didn’tneedtodosth.Itwasnotnecessarytodosth.

過去不常做某事use(d)n’ttodosth.didn’tusetodosth.情態(tài)動詞+have(been)done表對過去的虛擬。過去該做而未做用：shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone過去沒必要做而做了用：needn’thavedone過去有可能做而未做用：mighthavedone/couldhavedone過去有能力或有可能做而未做用：couldhavedone過去本來打算做而未做用：would(liketo)havedone★如后but分句,分句中用一般過去時(時態(tài))，表對過去事實的陳述。過去一定是做了某事musthavedonesth.過去可能做了某事肯定句中：may/mighthavedonesth.疑問句中:can/couldhavedonesth.過去不可能做了某事can’t/couldn’thavedonesth.shouldn’thavedone三層含義：過去該做而未做=oughttohavedone過去理該做了某事=oughttohavedone過去竟然做了某事1.英語動詞有三種語氣，陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.2.

定義：用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。DefinitionSubjunctiveMood(虛擬語氣）虛擬語氣TypesIf型Should+V型wish類型時間If條件句主句were/V-edwould(could,might...)+have(been)donehaddonedid/were

shoulddoweretodo要點歸納：would(could,might...)+do(bedone)would(could,might...)+do(bedone)過去現(xiàn)在將來虛擬語氣Practice:1.Ifhe___________(hurry),he_______________(catch)thetrainyesterday.2.Ifit__________(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeeting___________________(cancel)3.IfI________(be)you,I____________(work)harderatmylessons.4.IfI________(have)timenow,I___________(attend)themeeting.hadhurriedcouldhavecaughtwerewouldworkhadwouldattendrained/weretorain/shouldrainwouldbecancelled（1）時間錯綜虛擬句：當虛擬條件狀語從句所表示的與主句表示的發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整?！案髯詾檎?/p>

Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyyesterday,youcouldanswertheteacher'squestionnow.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)Ifyou______________(work)hardbefore,you____________acollegestudentnow.特例點津：hadstudiedwouldbe（2）虛擬語氣的倒裝：有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主語+...”。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldhavesucceed.Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldhavesucceeded.特例點津：Ifyouweretosucceed,youwouldbehappy.Wereyoutosucceed,youwouldbehappy.Wewouldnotgoclimbingifitshouldraintomorrow.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Wewouldnotgoclimbingshoulditraintomorrow.(3).含蓄虛擬句：有時if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句，可用介詞without或butfor引導(dǎo)的短語來代替。1.Ifthere

werenowater,fishcouldnotlive.Withoutwater,

fishcouldnotlive.2.Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Iwouldhavefailed.Without/butforyourhelp,

Iwouldhavefailed.3.Ifithadn’tbeenforthe

rain，wewouldhavefinishedthework.特例點津：=Butfor

therain，we...四個建議六個要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,propose,recommenddemand,require,request,ask,desire,urge其后的賓語從句及其同根名詞(order,advice,suggestion,proposal,requirement,etc)引導(dǎo)的主語，表語，同位語從句中謂語動詞用(should)do虛擬語氣2.Should+v型兩個命令一個堅持1）在賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句，主語從句(即名詞性從句）中。這種用法的詞有：TIPST.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.insist/suggest各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist表示“堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即should+do;Insist表示“堅持認為，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。suggest表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。suggest表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。FTFT虛擬語氣wishasif/asthoughifonly+從句現(xiàn)在:

did（were）過去:

haddone未來:

would/could/might+V.(原)wish型（1）

1.IfonlyI_______(be)rich.2.IfonlyI________(take)thedoctor'sadvicethen.3.IfonlyI________(see)thebeautifulgirlagain.ifonly虛擬用法同wish:werehadtakencouldseewouldrather+sb.現(xiàn)在或未來:

did過去:

haddonewish型（2）Itis(high/about)timethat一般過去時should+動詞原形此處should不省略wish型（3）典型句型（4）虛擬語氣butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否則)一些短語相當于虛擬條件從句（if…）,其后的句子與if型虛擬中主句用法一致。+句子would/could/might/should+V.(原)would/could/might/should+havedone與現(xiàn)在/將來相反與過去相反狀語從句的虛擬sothat/inorderthat–C從句中用“情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might+動詞原形”表達虛擬。incase,forfearthat從句中用“should+動詞原形”表達虛擬。典型句型1.wouldrathersb.didsth.(表對現(xiàn)在、將來的虛擬)haddonesth.(表對過去的虛擬)Iwouldratheryou_________(nottell)methetruth.Iwon’thaveagoodsleeptonight.

2.otherwisecfbut句型：S+過去時，otherwiseS+would/might/…h(huán)avedonesth.S+would/might/…h(huán)avedonesth.,butS+過去時hadn’ttoldSubjunctivemood1.If

型2.Should+v型3.類似if型4.過完句型5.but,otherwise句型6.情態(tài)動詞+have(been)done。。。。。。。。。省略if，were,had,should提前的倒裝句混雜條件句(各自為準)butfor/without…+主句。1.一個堅持，兩個命令，四個建議，六個要求。2.Itisnecessary/strange+that…wish/asif/ifonlywouldrather3.Itis(high/about)timethat…1.過去式2.過去完成3.would/could/might+v1.過去式2.過去完成過去式should（不?。?vinsistsuggestsumm