新時代交互英語3教案

NewEraInteractiveEnglishlevel3ChapterOneACampusofReadingTeachingobjectives1.Understandthemainideasofreading1andreading2;2.Appreciatethevarioustechniquesemployedbythewriter,techniquesforwritingandtranslation;3.Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetexts;4.Mastersomebasicknowledgeaboutreadingandreadingskills.5.Mastersomewritingandtranslationskills.Reading1ReadingforPleasureVersusReadingforLearningBeforereadingI．Backgroundinformation1.Manyindividualshavedevotedtheirknowledge,time,andtalentstothestudyofhowandwherememoryprocessesoccurinthebrain.ThesefamouspersonsincludeIvanPavlov(伊萬·巴甫洛夫),KarlLashley(卡爾·萊士利),DonaldHebb(唐納德·赫布),andWilliamJames(威廉·詹姆斯).2.StudiesbyWilliamJamesprovedtheexistenceofatleasttwotypesofmemory:primarymemory(初級記憶),(short-termmemory)andsecondarymemory(次級記憶)(long-termmemoryorpermanentmemories).3.ForgettingCurve4.ReadingskillsII．FivetypesofreadingScanning:Scanningisareadingstrategyinwhichyouactivelylookthroughmaterialtolocatespecificinformation.Skimming:Skimmingisareadingstrategythatisusefultogetageneralideaofwhataselectionisabout.Lightreading:Readingforleisuretendstobe'light‘.Readatapacewhichfeelscomfortable.WordbywordreadingReadingtostudytypeofreadingWhilereadingI.OutlineofthetextPart1Therearetechniquestoimproveyourreadingabilitiessothatyoucanbetterhandlesubjectsatthelevelofhigheducation.Part2Therearetwotypesofreading(readingforpleasureversusforlearning).Part3Thecollegestudentsshoulddotherepeatedreadingtofeedtheirlong-termmemory.Part4Studentsshouldtreattheirtextbookscarefully.II.Languagestudy1.ReadingforPleasureVersusReadingforLearningversus:(Latin)(inlawandsport;oftenshortenedtov.orvs.inprint)againstEvolutionversuscreationismwasthetopiconCNNlastweek.2.Maybeyoualreadythinkyoureadprettywell.

Prettycanbeanadverb,oranadjective.Inpairs,workoutwhatitmeansineachsentence.1).It’sprettyclearthatspeedingcanbedangerous.2).Whataprettygarden!3).FromthisTVprogramme,wehavelearntprettywellaboutJapanesecuisine.4).Ifyougetthatjob,you’llbesittingpretty.5).Thisisaprettystateofaffairs!We’vegottodosomethingaboutit.6).Thatmusthavecostyouaprettypenny.Answers:(fairly,attractive,almost,comfortable,bad,expensive)3.Readingisprincipallyoftwotypes—forpleasureandforlearning.principally:chiefly;mostlyAlthoughhe’salawyer,he’sprincipallyemployedincontrollingalargebusiness.cf.principleTheyagreedtotheplaninprinciple(=regardingthemainidea),butthereareseveraldetailstheydidn't’tlike.4.Thisisthekindofmaterialthatappearsinmanynovels,magazines,andnewspapers.HaveyoureadthefollowingfamousEnglishnovels?ATaleofTwoCitiesJaneEyreWutheringHeightsPrideandPrejudiceTessoftheD’UrbervillesRobinsonCrusoeTheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnTheScarletLetterLadyChatterley’sLoverAroundtheWorldIn80DaysUlysses5.…becauseyouhavetounderstanditandperhapsretainit.retain:tokeeppossessionof;avoidlosingThisvillagestillretainsitsold-worldcharacter.retainasenseofdignitysustain:tokeepstrong;tokeepinexistencesustainafamilycontainone’sfeelingmaintainone’sinterest6.YoumeanthereisnowayIcanjustreadstuffonceandgetitthefirsttime?1).noway:usedtoshowstrongrefusaloroppositionThereisnowaytogethimtochangehisopinion.2).RecoveryeffortsareunderwayintheaftermathofHurricane,whichbatteredaregionoftheUS.3).bywayof:via;usingaroutethroughYoucangotoLondonbywayofFrankfurt.4).Thisguidewillteachyouhowtoaskquestionsinawaythatislikelytogetyouasatisfactoryanswer.5).Herefusestogivewayonthisnewplan.6).Icouldnotgetthroughthegatebecauseyourcarisintheway.7).Wherethereisawillthereisaway.7.…memorizethecodetoabicycleorlockercombinationwithjustoneglance.glanceat/over/through/round:takeaquicklook1).Sheglancedathimfrombehindherfan.2).Youwillknowthecontentsofthebookataglance.3).Atfirstglanceitisanunremarkablepieceofequipment.8.Theretentionofinformationdropsrapidlyinthefirst24hoursafteryou’vebeenexposedtoit.

Areviewofcurrentliteratureandpracticesuggestsfivepromisingalternativestothepracticesofsocialretentionandpromotion.expose(to):v.touncover,leavewithoutprotection1).Aresourcecenterhasbeenestablishedforchildrenexposedtoviolencetoseektraining,technicalassistanceandconsultation.2).Keepindoorsanddon’texposeyourskintothesun.9.Somestudentsmighttrytomaketheseactsanargumentforcramming—holdingoffuntil…cram:1).toforceintoasmallspace,stuffCollegestudentshavealwaysbeengreatatcrammingtinydormroomswithasmuchtension-relievingentertainmentequipmentastheycan.2).toprepareoneselfforanexaminationbystudyingveryhardandquickly（為考試）而死記硬背，臨時準備應(yīng)考Hedoesn’tworkhardatothertimes,butwillcramforthetestlateatnight.holdoff:1).tocausetoremainatadistanceWemanagedtoholdofftheenemy’sattack.2).todelayTheemployeesarenotallowedtoholdoffforoneminute.holdon:standfirmwhenthereisdifficultyHowmuchlongerdotheythinkwecanholdon?holdonto:notgiveuptheownershipofWhatyouneedtodoistoholdontoyourhumanity.10.Theytestyounotjustonthenewmaterialyou’resupposedtohavelearnedsincethelastexam.besupposedto:1).tohaveadutyorresponsibilitytodosomethingWe’resupposedtotakeoffourshoeshereandshouldn’ttalkloudlyintemples.2).tobeintendedtoSellingphonesfromforeignmanufacturerswassupposedtogivethemaboost,andthatdidn’tworkouteither.Thelawissupposedtohelpthepoor.11.Ifyouoptforcramming,thisputsyouinthepositionof…optfor:choose;decideonThereisahigherriskofbreastcancerrecurrenceamongwomenwhooptforbreast-sparingsurgery.optoutof:chosetotakenopartinHeoptedoutofsciencecourses.12.…thathalformoreofyourstudytimewillbedevotedtosuchbooks.1).devoteoneself/sthto:giveup(oneself,one’stime,energy,etc)toThisisaquietplaceincyberspacedevotedtoreligioustoleranceandscholarship.2).devoted:adj.verylovingorloyalSheisverydevotedtoherchildren.13.…ifyourjobrequiredyou,say,toteardownand…say:suppose;estimateYoumaylearntoplaytheviolinin,let’ssay,threeyears.

14.Withthatinmind,hereareafewtipsforextractingsomebenefitsfromyourtextbooks.extract:takeorgetout;selectandpresentwords,examples,passages,etc.fromabook,speech,etc.1).Thepackageprovidesthemeanstoextractspecificcontentfromasourcedocument.2).Theoilisextractedfromtheseedsofcertainplants.15.Inyouhaveanydoubtsaboutacourseyou’recontemplatingtaking,takealook…contemplate:tothinkaboutdeeplyandthoughtfully1).LocalbusinessownerscontemplatetheimpactofafutureWal-Martstore.2).Thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.16.Whetheritistooadvancedortoolow-levelinthelightofyourpreviousexperience.inthelightof:accordingto;consideringThemaiddideverythinginthelightoftheinstructionoftheowner.throw/shed(a)newlightonsth:makesthclearerThesefactsshedanewlightonthee/bringsthtolight:become/causesthtobevisibleorknownMuchnewevidencehascometolight/hasbeenbroughttolight.17.Inmyfirstcoupleofsemestersasafirst-yearstudent…semester:USterm:GBIntheUS,aschoolyear/scholasticyear/academicyearisusuallydividedintotwo,threeorfourterms.Oneofthetwotermsiscalledasemester;oneofthethreetermsiscalledatrimester;oneofthefourtermsiscalledaquarter.Masterthefollowingtermsrelatedtoschoolclasstimetable/scheduleselective/elective/optionalcourseprerequisite/required/compulsorycoursescore/points/marks/gradescredit（points）degreeassignmentssubject/curriculumscholarship/grantstuitionopen/closebookexamstudentrecordcardadmissionsofficeletterofacceptanceschool/facultyhandout（上課老師發(fā)的）印刷品presentation針對某一專題進行的發(fā)言project需要學生進行獨立鉆研的課外話題/論文paper/thesis/dissertation論文／博士論文／碩士論文essay短論文secondaryschoolgrammarschoolelementary/primaryschool

seminar（大學）研究班、討論symposium座談會、專題討論會18.Iwoulddawdleaslongasaweekor10days…dawdle(informal)towastetime;hangabout;moveordosomethingslowlyWhatisimportantistobefirminyourdetermination–nottodawdleontheroadtowardsafullydevelopeddemocracy.19.Theschooltermfliesbyawfullyfast,andIlosttheadvantageofaheadstart.awfully:adv.extremely,veryYoulookawfullyfamiliartome.advantage1).have/gain/winanadvantage(over)/givesbanadvantageoverTheuniversityeducationgavehimanadvantageoverboyswhohadnotbeentoauniversity.2).takeadvantageofsbHelosthisgirlfriendbecauseheusuallytookadvantageofher.3).take(full)advantageofsthHealwaystakesfulladvantageofthemistakesmadebyhisrival.4).takesthtoadvantageHetookeverypennyheearnedtoadvantage.ReadingTwoTenTipsforReadingCollegeTextbooksBeforeReading1.Whenreadingyourtextorotherassignedmaterial,youshouldwatchforwordsthatwillgiveyoucluesastotheimportanceoftheinformationthatprecedesorfollows.Listasmanysignalwordsaspossibleaccordingtotheexamples.1).Suggestanimportantadditiontoamainidea—2).Suggestcausalrelationshipsbetweenideas—3).Suggestanewanddifferentideaaboutwhathasalreadybeenstated—4).Suggestanumberorseriesofideas—5).Suggestimportantinformationwillfollow—6).Suggestanalternatewayofpresentinganideathatmaybeeasiertounderstand—7).Suggestthehighlightsoftheideaspresentedinabriefformat—Suggestedanswers1).also,inaddition,furthermore2).accordingly,therefore,if–then,asaresult3).conversely,although,incontrastto,ontheotherhand4).first,second…,next,finally,thesixsteps5).mostsignificant,moreimportantly,aboveall,remember6).inessence,inotherwords,thatis,itreallymeans7).insummary,toclose,inanutshell,inconclusionWhile-readingI.OutlineofthetextPart1Whatyoushoulddobeforeyouread.(Para.1—Para.5)Part2Whatyoushoulddoasyouread.(Para.6—Para.8)Part3Whatyoushoulddoafteryouread.(Para.9—Para.10)II.Languagestudy

1.Dividingthechapterinto…segmentsincreasesyourcomprehensionandactuallydecreasesthetime…segment:divisionorsectionThestoryispresentedinfoursegmentsandhasbeeneditedforlength.2.Listyourreadingassignmentona“ToDo”list.listprice（標價）thefreelist海關(guān)免稅品目錄；免費入場觀眾名單3.Spaceyourreading.spacesth(out):setoutwithregularspacesbetween;spread隔開；留間隔spaceoutthepoststhreefeetapartspaceoutpaymentsoverfiveyears4.Besureyouusesometypeofstrategy…be/feelsure(aboutsth)Ithinktheanswer’sright,butI’mnotsure(aboutit).be/feelsureofsth/thatCanyoubesureofhishonesty?tobesureShe’snotpretty,tobesure,butshe’sveryintelligent.makesurethat/ofsthTherearen'tmanyseatsleftforthisconcert;you’dbettermakesureofone/makesurethatyougetonetoday.besuretoBesuretowriteandgivemeallthenews.5.Highlight,underline,ortakenotesattheendofeachsection.highlight:1).v.giveprominenceoremphasistoThisisasimpletoolthatallowsyoutohighlightallinstancesofaword.2).n.mostconspicuousorprominentpartThehighlightoftheirholidayistovisitthebeautifulisland.6.Monitoryourcomprehension.monitor:makecontinuousobservationof(sth)Theindependent,non-partisanorganizationinHongKongisestablishedtomonitorhumanrights.7.Stoptocheckourunderstandingofthematerialatregularintervals.atintervals:不時，每隔一段時間/距離1).Wewillsendemailsornewsletterstoourclients(customers)automaticallyatregularintervals.2).Theyplanttreesatintervalsofonemeter.8…todoamentalorverbalcheckofyourunderstanding.1).oforinwordsHewritesafascinatingarticlethatexplainsthetechniquesandsciencebehindverbalself-defense.2).oralStudentsarerequiredtomakeanverbalstatementoftheirideasaboutthegiventopic.3).wordforwordIdon’tneedyourverbaltranslation.9.Developarecallcolumninyournotebookorsummarize…

recalln.&v.abilitytoremember1).Withtheinformationinnewspaperarticles,heknowstherecallprocessnow.2).bringbackintothemindIcanrecognizehimbutcan’trecallhisname.10.Promptyourmpt:1).v.urge,arouseHewaspromptedbyhisbrother’sexampleandbegantostudyhard.2).a.quick,rapidPartofhissuccessisattributedtohispromptassistant.AfterreadingExerciseCanyoutranslatethefollowingidiomsintoChinese?1)Agoodbookisthebestoffriends,the2)Byreadingweenrichthemind,byconversationwepolishit.3)Chooseanauthorasyouchooseafriend.4)Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.5)Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.sametodayandforever.Answers1.一本好書，相伴一生2.讀書3.擇書如擇友。4.世上無難事，5.書山有路勤為徑，。使人充實，交談使人精明。只怕有心人。學海無涯苦作舟。ChapterTwoTheRoadAheadTeachingObjectives1.Understandthemainideasofreading1andreading2;2.Appreciatethevarioustechniquesemployedbythewriter,techniquesforwritingandtranslation;3.Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetexts;4.Learntoidentifyawriter’saudienceandpurpose;5.Payattentiontohowanauthorusesfigurativelanguage;6.Mastersometranslationskills.BeforeReadingI.BackgroundInformationCyberspace(賽伯空間)—TermoriginatedbyauthorWilliamGibson(威廉·吉布森)inhisnovelNeuromancer(《神經(jīng)漫游者》)in1984.ThewordCyberspaceiscurrentlyusedtodescribethewholerangeofinformationresourcesavailablethroughcomputernetworks.II.Warm-upActivityAnswerthefollowingquestions.1)Doyouliketraveling?Givesometipstopeoplewhousuallytravel.2)Doyouoftensurftheinternet?Whatdoyoumainlyuseitfor?3)Ifoneofyourfriendisindulgedincomputergames,whatsuggestioncanyougivehim?

While-readingI.TextAnalysisOutlineofreading1Part1.IntroductiontotravelingontheInternet.(Para.1)Part2.Commonsenseandknowledgeareyourbesttravelcompanions.(Para.2-14)1)Gettingthemostfromyourtravel.(Para.2-3)2)Information—thecurrencyofCyberspace.(Para.4-6)3)Maintainingprivacywhenyoutravelontheinternet.(Para.7-9)4)TravelinsuranceforCyberspace.(Para.10-14)Part3.Cyberspeak—learningthelanguage.II.Languagestudy1.SiteSeeingontheInternetsiteseeing:goingabouttoseeplaces,etc.siteseer:personwhogoestoseethesightsMonumentsandsightseeingattractionsinEgyptincludetemples,tombs,museums,churchesandmosques.2.TheSavvyTravelersavvy:vi.(sl)know,understandn.(sl)wits;understandingTheprinciplesunderlyingthesetipsaresimilartothoseprinciplesasavvyconsumerwoulduseforanyproduct.nosavvy:Idon’tknow/understand.3.MillionsofpeoplearetravelingtheInternet(akaCyberspace).aka:shortfor“alsoknownas”Ialsocontributesomeofmytimetoprivateequityinvestment,akaventurecapital.(風險投資)moreexamples:ASAP=assoonaspossiblediy=doityourselfvip=veryimportantpersonfaq=frequentlyaskedquestionsnb=veryimportantbtw=bytheway4.Asgettingonlinegetseasierandmoreaffordable,evenmorewillventureintoCyberspace.affordable:adj.thatcanbeaffordedaffordv.oftenusedwith“can,could,beableto”1).tohavethefinancialmeansforAlthoughhehasworkedasatruckdriverallhislife,hecouldn’taffordanapartment.2).tobeabletodoorbearwithoutdisadvantageorrisktooneselfIcan’taffordthreeweeksawayfromwork.Canyougivemorewordsendingwith-able?Venturev1).daretogo(somewheredangerousorunpleasant)IhavestartedventuringintoareasthatwerebattlegroundsbetweenmilitantsattackingthesettlementsandIsraelitroopsdefendingthem.2).taketheriskoflosingorfailinginsth.ventureherentirefortune

5.Buttravelinganywhereentailsrealrisksandrewards.entail(on):makenecessary;impose(expense,etconsb)Suchalargeinvestmentinevitablyentailssomerisk.6.ThereissomuchtodoandseeinCyberspacethatchancesareyourInternetserviceprovider(ISP)offers…(the)chancesare/were(that):Itis/waspossible/likelythat…Chancesareyou'llfindmesomewhereonyourroadtonight.Chancesarethattheyhavealreadyarrivedthereintime.7.itwillkeepyourchargesundercontrolifyoupayforyouronlineservicebythehour.be/come/bring/get/keepundercontrolTheyhavekeptthefloodwatersundercontrolafterseveraldaysefforts.be/getoutofcontrollosecontrol(of)8.Whenyouenterawebsite,lookforaprivacypolicythatanswersyourquestionsaboutaccuracy,access,security,and…accessn.&v.n.1)meansofapproaching,entering,exitingormakinguseofpassageTheonlyaccesstothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack.2)accessto:right,opportunityormeansofreaching,usingorapproachingStudentsmusthaveaccesstogoodbooks.vt.toobtainaccessto(dataorprocesses)Thisprogrammakesitconsiderablyeasiertoaccessfilesonanotherdisk.9.Marketers,inparticular,wanttoknow…asyouarewillingtoreveal.reveal(to):1)alloworcausetobeseen;displayHiswornjacketrevealedhiselbows.2)makeknownThedoctordidnotrevealtohimhishopelesscondition.10.Ifyoulingeroveraproductorasubjectthatinterestsyou,itwillbenoted.lingerover/on:belateorslowingoingaway;stayatornearaplaceQuestionslingeroverthecancellationofthenegotiation.alingeringlookafewlingeringdoubts11.…youmayseeadsonthesitethatlookasifthey’vebeentailoredforyou.tailor:1)n.makerofgarmentsThebeautyofbeingagoodtailoristhatyoushouldneverbewithoutwork.tailor-made:adj.madebyatailor,withspecialattentiontoexactfit;(fig)appropriate,well-suitedWomenmayweartailoredshirtsorblousestoworkorforcasualwear.2)v.cutoutandsew;adaptwell-tailoredsuittailoredforaspecialpurposeToimproveweightlossandmaintenanceamongtwohigh-riskgroups—poorwomenandAfricanAmericanwomen—programsshouldbebothaffordableandtailoredtotheindividual.12.It’sdifficulttobeanonymousonceyou’veventuredintoCyberspace.

anonymous:withoutaname,orwithanamethatisnotmadeknownAnonymouspublishinghasbeenrecognizedintheUnitedStatesasbeingprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.13.Expecttoreceiveunsolicitedadvertisinge-mail,evenpersonalizedads….solicitsb(for)sth:ask(for)earnestly;makerequests(for)Thetradesmenareallsolicitingusforourcustom.unsolicited:notlookedfororrequested;unsought1).Everyday,millionsofpeoplereceivedozensofunsolicitedcommerciale-mails(UCE),knownpopularlyas"spam."2).Regardlessofitssimilaritytoallformsofunsolicitedmasscommunication,spammingisnowregardedasasocialproblem.14.Ifitlooksquestionable,deleteit.delete:toremovebystrikingoutorcancelingTheauthordeletedsomeunnecessarywordsinthefirstdraft.15.Asanywhere,Cyberspacehasitsshareof“snoopers”andconmen.1)partPleaseletmetakeashareintheexpenses.Youmusttakeyourshareoftheblame.2)股份，股Sheholds500sharesinashippingcompany.16.Youraccountcanbehijacked,…h(huán)ijack1)劫持飛機或車輛TheFBIwaswarnedsixyearsagoofaterroristplottohijackcommercialplanesandslamthemintothePentagon.2)stealgoodsbystoppingitintransitEarlyin2001,theIsraelishatchedaplantoinvadesouthernIraqandhijackitsoilreserves17.Manywebsitesscrambleorencryptsuchinformationtoensuretheconfidentialityofscramble保密scramble(for):n&v.strugglewithotherstogetsth,fromcompetitorsThereisascrambleforbestseats.confidentialadj.(tobekept)secretconfidentialityn.Adebateisneededonbalancebetweenpatientconfidentialityandneedsofresearch.18.Thistechnologyisimprovingrapidly,butitstillisnotfoolproof.foolproof:designedsoastobeimpervioustohumanincompetence,error,ormisuse;effectiveThereisnofoolproofwaytobeatvirusattackfornow.19.Youcanbedefraudedonline.defraud:depriveofbydeceit;totakesth,frombyfraud;cheat;swindleShedefraudedthecustomerswhotrustedher.defraudsbofsth:Hewasdefraudedofhiswholeestate.20.Ifyouhaveaproblem,consultalawenforcementagency.enforce:1)makeeffective;impose

enforcementn.Thisisanagencyfordomesticenforcementoffederaldruglaws,andforcoordinatingandpursuingUSdruginvestigationsabroad.2)giveforceorstrengthtoDoyouknowhowtoenforceyourrighttoreceiveminimumwage?21.COOKIE—whenyouvisitasite,anotationmaybefedtoafileknownasa“cookie”…Theyareexpressedindecimalforminsteadofscientificnotationtohelpillustratetheproblem.22.DOWNLOAD—thetransferoffilesorsoftwarefromaremotecomputertoyourcomputer.Thepurposeoftheorganizationistopromoteandstrengthentechnologytransfernationwide.23.WEBSITE—AnInternetdestinationwhereyoucanlookatdataandretrieveit.destination:placetowhichsborsthisgoingorisbeingsentItisavacationdestinationinIndia.Reading2MappingCyberspaceBeforereadingFindthefollowingstatesontheUSmap.Oregon;Colorado;Kansas;Texas;Kentucky;Virginia;OhioFindthefollowingplacesontheGBmap.Sheffield;Leeds;Nottingham;Coventry;Oxford;Manchester;Liverpool;LondonWhilereadingI.TextAnalysisOutlineofreading2Part1.Abriefintroductiontomapsrecordingthehumanhistory.(Para.1-2)Part2.Informationaboutmaps.(Para.3-4)Part3.Aspecialfrontiermap—geographicalcyberspace.(Para.5-6)Part4.Cybercartographyofthepresentandinthefuture,anditsfar-reachingsignificance.(Para.7-10)II.Languagestudy1.Intheprocessofourexplorationsandtravels,wehave…process:n.procedureItwasaprocessoftrialanderror.Theprocessofcalcificationbeginslaterforboysthanforgirls.Pleaselearnmoreaboutourdisputeresolutionprocess.v.1)treatTheresultsoftheelectionswerestillbeingprocessedwhenhegavehisacceptancespeech.2)marchTheyprocessedintothediningroom.2.Drawingsonacavewall,sketchesinthesand,…reliefmapsinclay…sketchn.preliminarydrawingforlaterelaborationHemadeseveralsketchesbeforestartingtopaint.v.describeroughlyorbrieflyorgivethemainpointsorsummaryof

sketchtheoutlineofthebookreliefn.1)theactofreducingsomethingunpleasant(aspainorannoyance)Heaskedthenurseforrelieffromtheconstantpain.2)theactoffreeingacityortownthathasbeenbesiegedHeaskedfortroopsforthereliefofAtlanta.3)aidfortheagedorindigentorhandicappedHehasbeenonreliefformanyyears.4)assistanceintimeofdifficultyThecontributionsprovidedsomereliefforthevictims.5)sculptureconsistingofshapescarvedonasurfacesoastostandoutfromthesurroundingbackgroundcategoryreliefmap:模型地圖，立體地圖6)thefeelingthatcomeswhensomethingburdensomeisremovedorreducedHeenjoyedhisrelieffromresponsibility.3.…measuredthelandswedoanddonotinhabit…inhabitv.makeone'shomeorlivein;occupyThesepeopleinhabitedalltheislandsthatarenowdeserted.4.Frontierspacebeckonscartographerstomapfuturediscoveriesofsolarsystem…beckon:signalwiththehandsornodAgirlstandingatthemouthofthecavebeckonedhimin.5.Othersbelievethatitisaspacethatcanbeidentified,…identify:recognizeasbeing;establishtheidentityofsomeoneorsomethingSheidentifiedthemanonthe'wanted'poster.6.InthefuturetheremaybeCyberspacemapsavailable,…available:adj.1)obtainableoraccessibleandreadyforuseorservicetokeepafireextinguisheravailableMuchinformationisavailablethroughcomputers.ThehouseisavailableafterJuly1.2)notbusy;nototherwisecommittedHewasavailableandwillingtoaccompanyher.7.ThenewvirtualunchartedfrontierofCyberspaceisouttherewaitingtobemapped.virtual:adj.1)beingsuchinessenceoreffectthoughnotinactualfactavirtualdependenceoncharity2)beingactuallysuchinalmosteveryrespectTheonceeleganttemplelayinvirtualruin.Afterreading1.FiguresofspeechFiguresofspeech(修辭)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutcommonformsoffiguresofspeech:simileandmetaphorSimile(明喻)twoItisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequality

weassociatewithonetotheother.Metaphor(暗喻)Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Whatfiguresofspeechareusedinthefollowingsentences?1).Loveisfoodforthesoul,butjealousyispoison.2).Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.3).(Just)asthesunisthecentralbodyofthesolarsystem,(so)thenucleusisthecoreoftheatom.4).Thegreenplantisakindoffoodfactory.5).Foodistothebodyasfuelistotheengine.6).Theworldisastage.7).Liferesemblesbutaday'sjourney.ExerciseTranslationWhichofthefollowingtranslationisbetter?1)樹立全民環(huán)保意識a.helpthewholenationseetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionb.makeeverybodyenvironmentallyaware2)正確處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系a.properlyhandletherelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstabili