定語(yǔ)從句解讀課件

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句1定義在句子中起形容詞作用的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾它前面的名詞或代詞，即它的先行詞。定義在句子中起形容詞作用的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾它前面的名詞或代詞，2一、兩種關(guān)系詞一、兩種關(guān)系詞31.關(guān)系代詞：who,whom（代人）,which（代物）,that,whose（代人或物）注：關(guān)系代詞的數(shù)要和先行詞一致，它的格取決于它在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?.關(guān)系代詞：who,whom（代人）,which（4a.Allthatglittersisnotgold.(主語(yǔ))Thosewhodonotworkmustnoteat.(主語(yǔ))b.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.(賓語(yǔ))c.ThegirltowhomwetalkedjustnowisanAmerican.(介詞賓語(yǔ))d.Edisonisagreatinventorwhosefameisworld-wide.(定語(yǔ))e.Jackimaginedhimselftobeanartist,whichhewasnot.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)常用which.)Note；先行詞前有限定詞all,any,every,few,no,only,some,very或序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系要用That.Eg.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.ThisistheveryfilmthatIwanttosee.Johnlentmeafewbooksthatareofvalue.a.Allthatglittersisnotg52.關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why在從句中作狀語(yǔ)；先行詞總是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞。eg.Thatistheperiodwhenhelivedhere.Thatistheplacewherehewasborn.Thatisthereason

whyhetoldlies.2.關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why在從句中作狀語(yǔ)6二、限制性和非限制性

定語(yǔ)從句二、限制性和非限制性

定語(yǔ)從句7Eg.1.Thetravelerswho/thatknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad.(知道漲大水的旅客走另一條路。指部分旅客，限制性)Thetravelers,whoknewaboutthefloods,tookanotherroad.(旅客都知道漲大水了，他們走另一條路。指全部旅客，非限制性）Eg.1.Thetravelerswho/tha8Eg.2.Thewinewhich/thatwasinthecellarwasallruined.(藏在地窖里的酒壞了。指部分酒，限制性）Thewine，whichinthecellar，wasallruined.(酒藏在地窖里，全都?jí)牧恕Ｖ溉康木疲窍拗菩裕〦g.2.Thewinewhich/thatw9限制性和非限制性

定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.意義上的區(qū)別（參看例1、2）。2.形式上的區(qū)別。限制性定語(yǔ)從句無(wú)需用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，而非限制性必須隔開。3.引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo)。限制性和非限制性

定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.意義上的區(qū)別（參看例1、10三、that,which,whom的省略三、that,which,whom的省略11that,which,whom在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略。eg.Thecar(which/that)Ihiredbrokedownafterfivekilometers.Thelawyer(whom/that)Iconsultedgavemesomeusefuladvice.that,which,whom在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓12四、介詞+which等結(jié)構(gòu)四、介詞+which等結(jié)構(gòu)131.“介詞+which”有以下四種表達(dá)方式：Thisisthehousewewrotetoyouabout.thatwewrotetoyouabout.(介詞不能放在that前)whichwewrotetoyouabout.aboutwhichwewrotetoyou.(用于正式文體)1.“介詞+which”有以下四種表達(dá)方式：wewrote14介詞+which的特殊情況以下兩句只有一種表達(dá)方式：1).Yourinefficiency,whichwehaveputupwithfartoolong,isbeginningtoannoyourcustomers.(putupwith為固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，with不可前置。)2).ThatwasthemeetingduringwhichIkeptlistening.(during與which不能分開，during不能后置。)介詞+which的特殊情況以下兩句只有一種表達(dá)方式：152.介詞+whom有一下五種表達(dá)方式，用who比用whom更常見(jiàn)：Doyouknowthemanyourbrotherwritesto?thatyourbrotherwritesto?whoyourbrotherwritesto?whomyourbrotherwritesto?(用于正式文體)towhomyourbrotherwrites?(用于更正式文體)2.介詞+whom有一下五種表達(dá)方式，用who比用whom163.介詞+whose+n.有以下兩種表達(dá)：ThisisPeterwhosehouseI’vlived

inforfiveyears.inwhosehouseI’velivedforFiveyears.3.介詞+whose+n.有以下兩種表達(dá)：whoseh174.關(guān)于“名詞/代詞+介詞+which/whom”的結(jié)構(gòu)：1）Westudyinabigroom,thewindowofwhichopentothepark.(which的先行詞是theroom.)2）Herbrothers,bothofwhomworkinShanghai,ringherupeveryweek.(whom的先行詞是herbrothers.)4.關(guān)于“名詞/代詞+介詞+which/whom”的18五、句子或句子一部分做先行詞五、句子或句子一部分做先行詞19這種形容詞從句總是非限制性的，常由which引導(dǎo)，用逗號(hào)分開。eg.Someoftheroadswereflooded,whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.(which的先行詞是Someoftheroadswereflooded)Hesaidhehadnobike,whichwasnottrue.(which的先行詞是hehadnobike)這種形容詞從句總是非限制性的，常由which引導(dǎo)，用逗號(hào)分開20六、as,but作關(guān)系代詞六、as,but作關(guān)系代詞211.as做關(guān)系代詞1）用于“thesame…as”,“such…as”和“as…as”的句型中，as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。eg.Heisjustthesameasheusedtobe.(as在從句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）

Suchpassengersassurvivedtheexplosionweredrowned.(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

Asmanypeopleaswefoundweretakentothehospital.（第二個(gè)as在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）1.as做關(guān)系代詞1）用于“thesame…as222）as(=which)可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在句子中位置比較靈活。eg.Asyouknow,Davidwritesshortstories.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.Water,asisknowntoall,isliquid.類似asyouknow的從句還有：aseverybodyknows,AsIhavesaid,asIsee,asI’mtold,asisusual,asIsoftenthecase,asmightbeexpected,asoftenHappens,asyoumayhaveheard,asyoumaysay等。2）as(=which)可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句232.but做關(guān)系代詞but做關(guān)系代詞時(shí)總是用于否定句，意思是：無(wú)人（無(wú)物）不…。eg.Thereisnoonebutknowsaboutthismatter.(=noonewhodoesnotknow=everyoneknows)（沒(méi)有人不知道這件事。）

Notanewmanenteredpoliticsbutwassoonconvertedintoanofficialoftheoldtype.2.but做關(guān)系代詞but做關(guān)系代詞時(shí)總是用于否定句，意24Practice1.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems___________________(他們至今還沒(méi)有答案).(2008.12)2.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis_______________(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).(2007.6)Practice1.Medicalresearcher25把以下每題的兩個(gè)句子組成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句3.Mr.Smithwastoobusytospeaktome.Ihadcomespeciallytoseehim.4.Theplanehasflown10,000miles.IcametoLondoninit.5.Sherefusestousemachines.Thismakesherworkmoretime-consuming.把以下每題的兩個(gè)句子組成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句26改錯(cuò)：6.Thisistheverybookwhichwillgiveyouthehelpyouneed.7.LetABCbeatrianglewhichsidesareofunequallength.8.Thedogschasedthefoxuntilithidinahollowtreewhenitcouldnotescape.改錯(cuò)：27參考答案:1.towhichtheystillhavenoanswerssofar.2.thefieldinwhichwecancooperate.3.Mr.Smith,whomIhadcomespecially