英語國家概況課后questions答案

第一單元;1."Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion".Pleaseillustratethispointwiththeexamplesfromthetext.HowdideachoftheinvasionsinfluenceEnglishculture?Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasions.BeforethefirstcenturyADBritainwasmadeupofmanytribalkingdomsofCelticpeople:apowerfulcultureoriginatingincentralEurope.Thenin43ADBritainwasinvadedbytheRomanempire,andEnglandandWales(thoughnotScotlandorIreland)becameapartoftheRomanempirefornearly400years.TwomoregroupsofinvadersweretocomeaftertheEnglish:fromthelate8thcenturyon,raidersfromScandinavia,theferociousVikings,threatenedBritain'sshores….2.ArethereanydifferencesbetweenEnglandandWalesintermsofculturaltradition?Yes,thereare.Thecloselong-standingrelationshipmeansthatmodernWaleslackssomeoftheoutwardsignsofdifferencewhichScotlandpossesses—itslegalsystemanditseducationsystemareexactlythesameasinEngland.Oftenofficialstatisticsaregivenfor"EnglandandWales".However,Walesisdifferent,andoneofthekeymarkersofthatdifferenceistheWelshlanguage—theoldBritishCeltictonguewhichisstillindailyuse.第二單元;3、whatdoyouthinkshouldbetherightsolutiontothepoliticalprobleminNorthernIreland?（MargaretThatcher'sgovernmentdidnotgiveintothisdemandforpoliticalstatusand11prisonersstarvedtodeath.ThiseventrevitalisedthepoliticalcampaignofSinnFein,thelegalpoliticalpartywhichsupportstheIRA'srighttofight.ItsleadersspokeofatwincampaignforunionwithIreland,bothpoliticalandmilitary,whichtheycalledthepolicyof"TheBulletandtheBallotBox".）Theproblemlayinthe"commitmenttopeacefulmethods"aspectofthepossibletalks.Province-wideelectionsareplannedunderacomplexformulatoensureawiderangeofrepresentationonthebodywhichwillcarryoutthesetalks,inanattempttogivethemlegitimacy.WithouttheparticipationofSinnFeinandtheIRAitishardtoseethemsucceeding.NorthernIreland第三單元;4、WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionalmonarchy?HowhastheEnglishmonarchyevolvedgraduallytothepresentconstitutionalmonarchy?TherearesomecharactersintheBritainConstitutionalMonarchy:1.ThemonarchisprimarilytosymbolizethetraditionalandunityoftheBritishstate.TheQueenreignsbutdoesnotrule.Andsheislegallyheadoftheexecutiveandjudiciarybranches,anintegralpartofthelegislature,thecommander-in-chiefofallarmedforcesand“supremegovernor”oftheChurchofEngland2.Parliamentbecomesthecountryauthoritycentre,whichhaverighttopasslaws,billsandactsofParliament,tovotefortaxation,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactionsofthegovernmentandsoon.3.ThekingmustbelieveinEstablishedChurch(beingthatpersonsucceedstothethronenottobethatProd),catholicorsamecatholicgetmarried.Untiltheendofthe17thcentury,Britishmonarchswereanexecutivemonarch,whichmeansthattheyhadherightmakeandpasslegislation.ButeveninearlytimetherewereoccasionswhentheSovereignhadtoactinaccordancewiththelawandtakeintoaccountthewillofthepaper.WiththesigningMagnaChartain1215,forexample,theleadingnoblemenofEnglandsucceededinforcingKingJohntoacceptthattheyandotherfreemenhadrightsagainsttheCrown.In17thcentury,theStuartkingspropagatedthetheoryofthedivinerightofkings,claimingthattheSovereignwassubjectonlytoGodandnottothelaw.Widespreadunrestagainsttheirruleledtocivilwarinthesecondhalfofthe17thcentury.In1688-1689ParliamentariansdrewuptheBillofRights,whichestablishedbasictenetssuchasthesupremacyofParliament.Theconstitutionalmonarchyweknowtodayreallydevelopedinthe18thand19thcenturies,asday-to-daypowercametobeexercisedbyMinistersinCabinet,andbyParliamentselectedbyasteadily-wideningelectorate.第四單元：5、HowarepeopleintheUKdividedintodifferentclasses?Whataresomeofthemainfeaturesinthedivision?IstheclasssystemsimilarwiththeUnitedStates?(1)TheBritishpeoplearedividedintoclasseseconomically,culturally,educationallyandetc.Thedifferentideaofclassisrelatedtothegrouporclass.Upperclass,middleclass,lowerclass.PeopleintheUKdividedintodifferentclassesalsoaccordingtotheirjobs.(2)TheBritishpeoplearedividedintoclasseseconomically,culturally,educationallyandetc.Thepeopleofdifferentclasseshavedifferentlevelsofincome,theeducationtheygetistotallydifferent.(3)Theanswertothelastquestionis“no”.BritishclasssystemisnotsosimilartotheU.S.WhichmarksBritishclasssystemdifferentfromtheAmerican,isthatithasalsoretainedahereditaryaristocracy.第五單元：6.Whatarethethreemainareasinnationalecnomies？DescribethedevelopmentofeachofthethreeareasintheUKeconomy.（1）Nationaleconomiescanbebrokendownintothreemainareas：primaryindustries,suchasagriculture,fishing,andmining,Second-aryindustries,whichmanufacturecomplexgoodsfromthoseprimaryproduets;Andtertiaryindustuiesoftendescribedasservices,suchasbanking,insuranc,tourism,andthesellingofgoods.(2)Britan’sagriculturalsectorissmall（producing1.4%ofthenationalwealth）butefficient,producing58%oftheUK’sfoodneedswithonly2%ofitsworkforce.ThreequartersofBritain’slandisusedforagriculture.withaboutaquarterofthatundercrops-wheatandbarleyarethetwocommmnests.Therestisgrazingforanimals,includingcattle.Thefishingindustyprovides55%oftheUKdemandforfish.Inthesecondarysectoroftheeconomy.manufacturingindustryremainsimportant,producing22%ofnationalwealth.Britishcompaniesareareactiveinallmajorfieldsofmanufacturingindustry,butareparticularystronginpharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospaceandfooddrink.第六單元：第十一單元11、DiscussthefeaturesoftheCeltsandtheirinfluenceonIreland.Tribe:Celtsconsistedofapatchworkoftribalareas,eachwithitsownking.ClassificationsofCelticlanguage:Proto-Celticdividedintofoursub-families.Gaulish,Hispano-Celtic,Brythonic,GoidelicReligion:TheCeltsbelievedinmanygodsandgoddessesAfterLife

TheCeltsbelievedthatthehumansoulhadanafterlife,sowhenapersondiedtheywereburiedwithmanythingstheywouldneedfortheafterlife.House:Theylivedinroundhouseswiththatchedroofsofstraworheather.Cloth:'ThewaytheydressisastonishingTheinfluenceonIreland:IrishculturecamefromCelticsculture,includinglanguages,costumes,dancing