新課標高考英語重點語法范例歸總十三類

新課標高考英語重點語法范例第一周派生詞在新課標全國卷的語法填空題中，有涉及單詞的形式變化的題目。此外，新考綱要求考生掌握3000多個英語單詞。因此，掌握常用派生詞的構(gòu)詞方法不僅能幫助同學們做好語法填空題，還能幫助同學們擴大詞匯量，為同學們在高考中穩(wěn)操勝券奠定基礎(chǔ)。一、名詞后綴1．動詞＋-ion/-tion/-sion→名詞(表示動作或動作過程)correctv．改正；糾正 correctionn．改正celebratev．慶祝 celebrationn．慶祝；慶祝會concludev．完成；結(jié)束 conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束2．動詞＋-er/-or→名詞(表示從事某種職業(yè)或進行某種活動的人)drivev．駕駛開車；驅(qū)趕 drivern．司機；駕駛員gatherv．聚集；采集 gatherern．收集者；采集者conductv．指揮；管理 conductorn．指揮；售票員3．動詞＋-ment→名詞punishv．懲罰 punishmentn．懲罰4．動詞/形容詞＋-th→名詞warmadj.溫暖的 warmthn．溫暖growv．生長 growthn．生長5．形容詞＋-y→名詞difficultadj.困難的 difficultyn．困難honestadj.誠實的 honestyn．誠實6．形容詞＋-ness→名詞kindadj.善良的 kindnessn．善良7．動詞＋-ance→名詞annoyvt.使煩惱 annoyancen．生氣；煩惱8．-ship結(jié)尾的名詞(表示身份；關(guān)系；資格)membern．成員；會員 membershipn．會員資格professorn．教授 professorshipn．教授身份9．-ing結(jié)尾的名詞gardenn．花園 gardeningn．園藝greetv．打招呼；問候 greetingsn．問候[針對訓練]語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當形式完成下列短文)AFromthe1.expression(express)onMary’sface,heknewheleftabad2.impression(impress)onherandifshewonthe3.election(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4.Organization(organize),hecouldnotgether5.permission(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6.pollution(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7.inspiration(inspire)fromhiswife’swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.determination(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9.helper(help)！I’msureIwillbethe10.winner(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.BItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.earnings(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.birth(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3.death(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.Loneliness(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.relations(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.bravery(brave)and7.perseverance(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.citizenship(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.settlement(settle)．Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:Perseveranceleadsto10.happiness(happy)andsuccess.二、形容詞后綴1．常見形容詞后綴(1)名詞＋-al→形容詞(表示“有……屬性”，“與……有關(guān)”)agriculturen．農(nóng)業(yè) agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的(2)動詞＋-ive→形容詞decidev．決定；下決心 decisiveadj.決定性的；關(guān)鍵的(3)動詞＋-able→形容詞(表示“能夠”，“適于”，“值得”)changev．變化；兌換changeableadj.易變的；變化無常的(4)名詞＋-ful→形容詞caren．小心；關(guān)心 carefuladj.小心的；仔細的(5)名詞＋-less→形容詞(意思與原名詞相反)caren.小心；關(guān)心 carelessadj.粗心的(6)名詞＋-ly→形容詞friendn．朋友 friendlyadj.友好的(7)名詞＋-y→形容詞dirtn．污物；臟物 dirtyadj.臟的(8)名詞＋-ous→形容詞dangern．危險 dangerousadj.危險的2．復合形容詞的構(gòu)成(1)形容詞＋-ing分詞 easy-going隨和的(2)形容詞＋名詞＋-ed kind-hearted善良的；好心的(3)名詞＋-ed分詞 water-covered被水覆蓋的(4)副詞＋-ed分詞 well-written寫得好的(5)數(shù)詞＋名詞＋-ed three-legged三條腿的[針對訓練]Ⅰ.閱讀下列句子，寫出畫線單詞的意思1．Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.(2012·四川高考閱讀C)()2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive.()3．Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable.()4．Herwordsstruckfearintoherheartsothatshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.()5．Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.()答案：1.不可思議的；難以置信的2.吸引人的3.可依賴的；靠得住的4.沒有睡覺的；不眠的5.有霜的Ⅱ.語篇填空A：用所給單詞的適當形式完成下列短文Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1.communicative(communicate)．Sheis2.active(act)inansweringtheteachers’questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.impressive(impress)and4.acceptable(accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.creative(create)and6.helpful(help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.homeless(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8.countless(count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9.friendly(friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10.famous(fame)girlinherschool.B：運用所學構(gòu)詞知識完成下列短文Ourjourneywasfar-reachingamongstsnow-covered/capped(雪封的)mountainswherenoEnglish-speaking(說英語的)peoplelive.Thelocalpeoplearegood-looking(相貌好看的),easy-going(隨和的)andhard-working(勤勞的)．Ourhostesswasold-aged(年老的)，white-haired(白發(fā)蒼蒼的)andsun-burnt(被太陽曬傷的)．Shegavemehome-made(自家做的)yaksmilkcake,lookingself-satisfied(自足的)asIenjoyedthisraretreatalthoughverywell-known(著名)andwide-spread(廣泛流傳)aroundhere.IwasexhaustedwhenIfellintotheready-made(準備好了的)bedshepreparedforme.三、動詞詞綴1．前綴-en＋形容詞→動詞enrichv．豐富 enlargev．變大；增大；擴大2．形容詞＋-en→動詞shortenv．縮短 widenv．加寬3．-fy結(jié)尾的動詞simplifyv．簡化 classifyv．歸類4．-ize結(jié)尾的動詞realizev．認識到 popularizev．普及[針對訓練]Ⅰ.閱讀下列句子，寫出畫線部分的意思1．Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.()2．Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship.()3.Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizons.()4．Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.()答案：1.使能夠2.使關(guān)系正?；?.拓寬視野4.使驚懼Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空1．Tryyourbesttomemorize(memory)thesenewwords.2．Thequestionmustbesimplified(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.3．Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplantopurify(pure)thewastewater.4．Hequickened(quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.5．Youcanenlarge(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.四、否定詞綴1．表示否定意義的前綴un-不，非unable不能夠unlucky不幸的dis-不，非dishonest不誠實的discontinuous不連貫的in-不，非inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的im-不，非impatient不耐煩的impossible不可能的ir-不，非irregular不規(guī)則的irresponsible不負責任的il-不，非illogical不合邏輯的illegal非法的non-不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop直達的；連續(xù)不斷的mis-錯誤mislead誤導misunderstand誤解dis-＋動詞(意義相反)dislike不喜歡disagree不同意un-＋動詞(意義相反)uncover揭開undress脫衣服2．表示否定意義的后綴名詞＋-less→否定意義的形容詞usen.用處；用途 uselessadj.無用的hopen.希望 hopelessadj.沒有希望的；絕望的homen．家 homelessadj.無家可歸的[針對訓練]Ⅰ.閱讀下列短文，寫出畫線單詞的意思A1.misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecausedthebigfire.However,MissWangknewitwasnotthetruestory.Sosheinsistedthatthegovernmentshouldmakethetruthknowntothepublic.WhenMissWangknewthatherappealwas2.disallowed,_shefeltrather3.disappointed.Shedecidedto4.disclosethetruth:itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblamefortheterribledisaster.Shewantedtotellthepublicaboutthecoldnessofsomeofficials.Shebelievedthatthetruthmustbe5.uncoverednow.1．____________2.____________3.____________4．____________5.____________答案：1.錯誤觀念2.駁回；不準許3.失望的；沮喪的4．揭露5.揭露；揭發(fā)Ⅱ.語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當形式完成下列短文)Thespeechseemedtobe1.nonstop(stop)andthelistenersbecamevery2.impatient_(patient)．Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3.non-renewable(renew)andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtitwas4.impractical_(practice)and5.unbearable_(bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They6.disbelieved_(believe)thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7.irresponsible(responsible)tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8.misunderstandings(understand)．Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave,shoutingloudlyandangrily.五、正確使用派生詞1．動詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞類后一般接名詞或動名詞。如果所給單詞是其他詞類，就要將其改為名詞，并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。(1)Doyouknowthedepth(deep)oftheriver?(2)Hiscarelessness(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident.(3)Heisoneofthescientists(science)whosupportthistheory.2．動詞、介詞后一般接名詞或動名詞。所給單詞為動詞，就要看該動詞是否有名詞形式。如果有名詞形式，就用其名詞形式。如果該動詞沒有名詞形式，就用其動名詞形式。此外，如果所給動詞有名詞形式，就要看其后有無賓語。如果后有賓語，用動名詞形式；后無賓語，則用名詞形式。(1)Pleasepayattention(attend)toyourhandwriting.動詞attend本身有名詞形式attention,所以不用動名詞attending。(2)Hisarrival(arrive)madethesituationworse.動詞arrive本身有名詞形式arrival,所以不用動名詞arriving。(3)Theteacherwasangryatmycoming(come)late.動詞come沒有名詞，所以用動名詞coming。(4)Thankyouforyourhelp(help)．Thankyouforhelping(help)me.(5)Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation(appreciate)．Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciating(appreciate)myspeech.上面兩組句子中，helping與appreciating后都帶有賓語，故用動名詞。help與appreciation后沒有賓語，故用名詞形式。3．動詞前后、形容詞前后可有副詞。如果所需詞為副詞時，還要考慮副詞級的變化。(1)Theboyranquickly(quick)toschool.(2)“What’sthat？”Fathershoutedangrily(angry)．(3)Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.(4)Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.(5)You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabitmoreslowly(slow)?4．名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語。如果所需詞為形容詞時，還要考慮形容詞級的變化。(1)What’sthewidest(width)riverintheworld?(2)Thestronger(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.[針對訓練]Ⅰ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空1．Marywasverysadatthenews,soshelookedsadlyatherhusband,hereyesfullofsadness.(sad)2．Heplayedfootballverywellandhewasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3．Look！HowhappilyKateislaughing！Sheseemstobethehappiestgirlintheworld.(happy)4．Tooursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwithourreport.(satisfy)5．Edisonwasagreatinventor.Duringhislifehehadmanyinventions.(invent)6．Ishouldsimplifymytaskandmakeitsimpler/simpletofinishit.(simple)7．Theboyhavingtheappearanceofbeinghalfstarveddisappeared,_nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8．ThepolicediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9．Youaresokindtohelpme.Thankyouforyourkindness.(kindly)10．Everythingisbecomingmore_expensivethanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollegeexpenses.(expend)Ⅱ.語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當形式完成下列短文)AgroupofrobbersdugtheirwayintothebasementofabankinParisandemptiedalmost200private1.safes(safety)．TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding2.equipment(equip)todigholesanddestroywallsonSaturdaynight.Theytiedupa3.security(secure)guardandspentthenextninehoursrobbingthebank.One4.investigator(investigate)describedthe5.robbery(rob)asa“6.professional(profession)job”．Therobberscameinatabout22：00onSaturdayandleftat7：00onSunday.Theyenteredthroughthebasementsofthe7.neighbouring(neighbour)building,diggingthroughaseriesoftunnelsandmakingaholeintoawallof80cmthicktogetintothebank,whichwashavingbuildingworksatthetime.Whentheyleft,therobberssettheplaceonfireto8.remove(move)anytraceofevidence,switchingontheanti-firesystemandfloodingthebuilding.9.Fortunately(fortune),theguardescaped10.unharmed(harm)．Itisdifficulttoestimatethetotalvalueofwhatwasstolenasonlythebank’sclients(儲戶)knowthecontentoftheirprivatesafes.第二周動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一、動詞的時態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常用often,usually,everyday等時間狀語。Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.(2013·北京高考)OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.(2013·陜西高考)(2)表示客觀事實、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象，無論在什么情況下都用一般現(xiàn)在時表示?！癓ifeislikewalkinginthesnow，”Grannyusedtosay，“becauseeverystepshows.”(2012·新課標全國卷)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicantsareinterviewedbeforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.(2013·北京高考)(3)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeIleaveforAfrica.(4)表示按計劃、時刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作，但限于少數(shù)動詞。如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。Theflighttakesoffat2：30everyWednesdayandFriday.2．一般過去時(1)表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用(或上下文語境有暗示)；用于表示過去的習慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到的事。Ididn’trealizethen,butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)(2)注意句型：was/wereabouttodo...when...中when后從句的動詞用過去式。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.3．現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語有：sofar,recently,lately,once/twice/three...times,before,ever,bynow,inthelast/pastfewyears,overalongtime,uptonow,yet,already,just,since等。主要用于以下幾種情況：(1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。—Look!Somebodyhascleanedthesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2012·江西高考)(2)表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。Theyhavebeengoodfriendssincetheymetatameeting.Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenmadeintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.(2013·北京高考)(3)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。①Itis(hasbeen)＋一段時間＋since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)time＋that從句Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.(2009·陜西高考)②在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作?！猈henshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwehavefinishedourplan.(2010·四川高考)4．過去完成時(1)過去某一時間或某一動作前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時間，還可能持續(xù)下去。常與for,since等構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,hehadhaditforaverylongtime.(2013·遼寧高考)Wefirstmetonatrainin2010.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwehadknowneachotherforyears.(2)有些動詞有時用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。這類動詞常見的有：hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think等。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.(3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely...when...;nosooner...than...中，主句常用過去完成時，該句式意為“一……就……；剛……就……”。Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.5．將來完成時將來完成時表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成，常用的時間狀語為“by＋將來的某個時間”?！狪hearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynextmonth,hewillhavesavedenoughforausedone.(2012·上海高考)6．現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時的一個動作；表近期特定的安排或計劃；go,come等表示起止動作的動詞可用進行時代替將來時。Youarealwaysstudyinginthelibrary.Whynothaveapicnicthisafternoon?7．過去進行時(1)過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某動作在某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生?！狣idyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry.Iwasansweringatextmessagejustnow.(2012·四川高考)—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,Iwasdoingmyhomeworkalldayyesterday.(2010·新課標全國卷)(2)某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在進行，其中的持續(xù)性動作用過去進行時，短暫性動作用一般過去時?！狪don’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I’msosorry.ButIwasdoingmyhomework.(2013·湖南高考)8．現(xiàn)在完成進行時(1)表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且現(xiàn)在還在進行。Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportandhasbeentakingbadmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.(2013·福建高考)(2)表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，在說話時剛剛結(jié)束。Wherehaveyoubeen？Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.9．將來進行時將來進行時可用于表示將來某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作或者將來某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。將來進行時常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用。這些常見的標志性狀語有：atthistimetomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow,from1：30to4：30tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow?！狢anIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon?—I’msorry,butbythenIwillbeflyingtoBeijing.Howaboutfive？(2012·陜西高考)二、動詞的語態(tài)英語中動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。做有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的題目可以分兩步走：第一步確定正確的時態(tài)，第二步確定正確的語態(tài)。判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)的根據(jù)是看主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系：如果是主謂關(guān)系則用主動語態(tài)，如果是動賓關(guān)系則用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以write為例)時間一般時態(tài)進行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/arewrittenam/is/arebeingwrittenhas/havebeenwritten過去was/werewrittenwas/werebeingwrittenhadbeenwritten將來shall/willbewritten1.get＋過去分詞表被動Theygotmarriedlastweek.Hefellandgothurt.2．主動形式表被動意義(1)系動詞look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等＋形容詞/名詞。Thedishtastesdelicious.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.(2)表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read,write,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,shut等，其主語往往是物?！猈hataboutthebooks?—Booksofthiskindsellwell.Thedoorwon’topen.Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)beworth后常接動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。Alotofsmalltownsintheareaaredefinitelyworthvisiting.(4)need,want,require,deserve等動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。Mosthouseplantsrequireregularwatering.[針對訓練]Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1．(2013·安徽高考)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyouadvertised(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?2．(2013·北京高考)—DoyouthinkMomandDadwill_be(be)late?—No,SwissAirisusuallyontime.3．(2013·北京高考)Hurryup!MarkandCarolare_expecting(expect)us.4．(2013·湖南高考)“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，Iwill_be(be)president，”saidtheboy,withasmile.5．(2013·湖南高考)Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothers(bother)us.6．(2013·湖南高考)Ifnothingis_done(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.7．(2013·湖南高考)—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?—Sure,ithas_been(be)theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.8．(2013·江蘇高考)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersis(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.9．(2013·江蘇高考)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iwill_be_writing(write)areportathome.10．(2013·江蘇高考)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays,“did(do)Idoubtthatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”11．(2013·江蘇高考)—Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwehad(have)aroughride.12．(2013·江西高考)Iwas_coming(come)tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.13．(2013·遼寧高考)Atnotimedid(do)theyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.14．(2013·遼寧高考)Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentwill_be_improved(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.15．(2013·山東高考)Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyitwas(be)prettygood.16．(2013·陜西高考)Jimwas_watching(watch)alate-nightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.17．(2013·上海高考)Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhehad_left(leave)hiskeyatschool.18．(2013·上海高考)Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhohave_been_elected(elect)tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.19．(2013·四川高考)Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbusis_waiting(wait)forus!20．(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Wewere_leaving(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.21．(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅰ)Ifwedon’t_act(notact)nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we’lllivetoregretit.22．(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅰ)WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butIhave_changed(change)mymind.23．(2013·浙江高考)Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshas_increased(increase)sharply.24．(2013·重慶高考)IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andIwent(go)straighttobed.25．(2013·重慶高考)AMidsummerNight’sDreamopens(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.Ⅱ.語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當形式完成下列短文)AItwasgettingdarkwhenI1.got(get)home.ItwascoldandI2.was_wearing(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypockettotakeoutthekey,butIcouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI3.had_left(leave)itonmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmakeanydifference.Iknewmywife4.was(be)athomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschoolbynow,soI5.knocked(knock)atthedoor.Therewasnoanswer.I6.continued(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.I7.was_getting(get)angry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboy8.had_told(tell)meatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife9.had_phoned(phone)sayingthatshe10.would_go(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Itseemedthatnothing11.could_be_done(cando)andI12.would_be_shut(shut)outofmyhouse.BWelcometoourschool.I’dliketointroduceplansforourschooltoyou.Alotofwork1.has_been_done(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2.has_been_completed(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwe’llstillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3.is_being_built(build)thisyear.Butwedon’thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4.are_collecting(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5.will_be_spent(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent,aplan6.is_being_made(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm,atwhichwonderfulperformances7.will_be_put(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8.are_being_improved(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9.are_being_planted(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10.is_going_to_be_painted(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact,ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.第三周情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動詞1．can和could的用法(1)表示“能力”。Evenachildcanoperatethecomputer,letaloneanadult.(2)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?(3)表示可能。ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.(4)cannot...too/enough表示“無論……也不過分”；“越……越好”。Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.(2012·陜西高考)2．may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“許可、可能性、祝愿”等意義。①在給予別人許可時，常用can，但有時也用may。不能用might?！狹ayItakethebookout?—I’mafraidnot.(2010·四川高考)②“mayaswell＋動詞原形”意為“最好；倒不如”。Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.(2)may作“可以”講時，其否定式常用“mustn’t”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時，其否定式是“needn’t”，表示“不必”?！狹ayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No,youmustn’t.Youreaditinhere.(2010·陜西高考)3．must的用法(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。Thenewlawstatesthatpeoplemustn’tdriveafterdrinkingalcohol.(2012·上海高考)(2)表示“偏執(zhí)；固執(zhí)”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(2011·遼寧高考)4．shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。—WhattimeshallIpickyouupatyourhousetomorrow,sir?—Ihaven’tdecidedonthetime.ButIwillcallyou.(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。NodrivingelectricmotorbikesinsomeareasisarulethatyoushallobeyinFuzhou.5．will和would的用法作情態(tài)動詞的will,would與作助動詞的will,would的各種形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主動提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過去的情況?！狦oodbye,John.Comebackagainsometime.—Sure.Iwill.(2012·四川高考)—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.(2011·重慶高考)(2)will可以表示一種習慣性的動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.(3)would可以表示過去的習慣性動作，比usedto正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。Whenweworkedinthesamefirmseveralyearsago,wewouldoftengotothecinematogether.6．情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞(1)can/couldhavedone表示“本來可以做，而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中can’thavedone多用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”?！狣oyouknowwhereDavidis？Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.Hecan’thavegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.Icouldhavesavedthepoorrabbit,butIdidn’thavetherightdrugswithmeatthatmoment.(2)may/mighthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。此外mighthavedone可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”。Sorry,I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.(3)musthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定；想必”，語氣十分肯定。Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.(2010·安徽高考)(4)shouldhavedone表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；shouldn’thavedone表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責備的意味。Ishouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山東高考)(5)oughttohavedone表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；oughtnottohavedone表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一用法與should相同，也往往含有責備的意味。Yououghttohavecometothepartyyesterday,butwhydidn’tyoucome?(6)needn’thavedone表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了。Markneedn’thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.(2010·天津高考)二、虛擬語氣1．非真實條件句中虛擬語氣的用法if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might＋動詞原形表示過去情況had＋過去分詞should/would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞表示未來情況should＋動詞原形should/would/could/might＋動詞原形動詞過去式wereto＋動詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldhadn’tofferedusaridehome.(2012·天津高考)Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.[名師指津]若條件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主語前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.(2010·浙江高考)Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch.2．錯綜時間虛擬條件句Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytirednow.(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)3．含蓄虛擬語氣有時假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表達，而是由otherwise,but,or,without,butfor等來引導。Iwassobusythen,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelphim.IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(2011·天津高考)4．某些從句中虛擬語氣的用法(1)表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等含義的動詞后賓語從句和同位語從句時用虛擬語氣，形式為：(should＋)動詞原形。常這樣用的動詞有：advise勸告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist堅決要求，prefer寧愿，urge主張，order命令，recommend勸告；建議，request要求，require要求，suggest建議，以及這些詞的名詞形式。Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2010·福建高考)(2)wish后跟賓語從句時用虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋動詞過去式(be用were)對過去情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋had＋過去分詞對將來情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋would＋動詞原形—Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood?—Nexttonothing.IwishIhadworkedharderatEnglish.(3)wouldrather后跟從句時用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.(2010·江蘇高考)(4)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”中，謂語動詞常用過去式或“should＋動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣。Itishightimethatpeoplelearnt/shouldlearnEnglish.(5)在asif從句中，看語境是否與事實相反而選擇是否使用虛擬語氣。Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Shetalkedaboutitagainandagainasifshewouldneverend.(6)ifonly引導的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。Lookatthetroublewe’rein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice![針對訓練]Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞1．(2013·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.2．(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored?Youcan’thavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.3．(2013·陜西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.4．(2013·湖南高考)Hecouldn’tsleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.5．(2013·安徽高考)Itcouldn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.6．(2013·重慶高考)—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butImightgototheRollingStonesconcert.7．(2013·江西高考)WhenIwasachild,IcouldwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.8．(2013·北京高考)—Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon’tknow.Itmightdo.9．(2013·遼寧高考)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemust_have_drunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.10．(2012·全國卷Ⅱ)I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIcanfindthemoney.11．(2012·遼寧高考)Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformwhileatschool.12．(2012·重慶高考)—Mustyouinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?—SorrySir,butit’surgent.13．(2012·江蘇高考)Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butwouldn’t(not)saywherehewas.14．(2011·新課標全國卷)Theyshouldhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.15．(2011·江西高考)Weneedn’t(not)haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.16．—How’syournewbabysitter?—Wecouldn’t(not)askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.17．(2011·陜西高考)Icouldn’t(not)havegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.18．(2012·四川高考)IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIs