石家莊第一中學(xué)高中英語八學(xué)案：Unit 1 A Land of Diversity Section IV Grammar

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精Unit1ALandSectionIVGrammar學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：熟記虛擬語氣中與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的if條件句及Iwish加從句的用法.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：熟記并理解虛擬語氣，并能正確完成練習(xí)題。學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：學(xué)以致用，在文章中會(huì)使用虛擬語氣.學(xué)習(xí)過程生命課堂—互動(dòng)探究語法知識(shí)—預(yù)習(xí)探究名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句（NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句.一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞：that，whether,if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分

連接代詞：what，whatever，who,whoever，whom,whose，which,whichever

連接副詞：when,where,how，why,wherever不可省略的連詞：

1.介詞后的連詞

2。引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略.

Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy。

Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.

比較：whether與if均為"是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether不能被if取代：

1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首

2.引導(dǎo)表語從句

3.whether從句作介詞賓語

4。從句后有”ornot”Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear。

大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用it充當(dāng)形式主語.

Itisnotimportantwhowillgo。

Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.二、連接詞that—名詞性從句1、that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。主語從句：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.

賓語從句：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.

表語從句：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位語從句：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice。

形容詞賓語：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob。2、that—從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that—從句置于句末,例如：

Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：

A.It+be+形容詞+that-從句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

Itisobviousthat…很明顯……

B.It+be+—ed分詞+that-從句

Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……

Itisknowntoallthat…從所周知……

Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……

C.It+be+名詞+that—從句

Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)

Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……

Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……

D。It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that—分句

Itappearsthat…似乎……

Ithappensthat…碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……三、wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1、wh—疑問詞包括who,whom，。whose,whoever，what，whatever，which,whichever等連接代詞和where，when，how,why，whether等連接副詞。wh—從句的語法功能除了和that—從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和間接賓語等，例如：

主語從句:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor。直接賓語：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.

間接賓語：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize。

表語從句：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.

賓語補(bǔ)足語：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位語從句：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn。

形容詞賓語：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.介詞賓語：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.

2、wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如：

Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.

Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.四、if和whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1）yes—no型疑問從句

從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes—no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh—從句的功能相同,例如:

主語從句：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved。

賓語從句:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.

表語從句：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney。

同位語從句：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.

形容詞賓語：She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome。

介詞賓語：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.

2)選擇性疑問從句

選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成,例如：

Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.

Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.五、否定轉(zhuǎn)移1）將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式.

Idon’tthinkIknowyou。

Idon’tbelievehewillcome。

注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope，賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。

Ihopeyouweren'till。2)將seem，appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo。

Itdoesn’tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.

3）有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman。（not否定動(dòng)名詞短語having…）

It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.（anyone作主語，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式.)

4）有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。

Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone。(否定狀語）HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.（否定because狀語）

Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty。（否定狀語manyweeks）01。IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.02.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was_____itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.03。somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.04。Wehaven’tdiscussedyetwearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture。05.—-haveyoufinishedthebook？——No.I’vereadupto_____thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave。06.Tinahashesitationaboutthejobofferasshedidnotknowthecompanywasanestablishedone.07.Thereisnoobviousevidencethereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.08.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.09.Asanewgraduate，hedoesn'tknowittakestostartabusinesshere。10。Toimprovethequalityofourproducts，weaskedforsuggestions____hadusedtheproducts。11.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.12。Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravelingdependslargelyonhegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.13。--IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays?！?That’s_____Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife。14.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewehavehereandtreatfoodnicely。15。Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears