2023年考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解150篇詳解

Unit1家庭情感類(lèi)Passage1工作與家庭Thelistof“should”isverylong.Youshouldgivemorethan100percentatwork.Youshouldneverstoplearninganddeveloping.Youshouldreadandkeepupwithevents.Youshouldspendtimewithyourfamilyandtakecareofyourmyriadofdailychores.Atwork,it’snotenoughtobequalifiedforyourjob.Youhavetohaveexcellentpeopleskillsandproblem-solvingabilities.YourIQhadbetterbehigh,andyoushouldwelcomeanythingandeverythingnew.Commitmentandenthusiasmarethebottomline.Athome,it’snotenoughtohavemoneyinthebank.Therearechildrentoraise,hobbiestoencourageanddailyroutinestoorganize.Contactsbetweenhomeandthedaycarecenterorschoolareanotherpriority.Youhavetokeepupyourfriendshipsandyourfamilyrelationships.Youhavetohaveempathyforeveryonearoundyou.Youhavetohavetime.Howdowecatchaguiltyconscience?FinnsinBusinessaskedfamilycounselorHannuKuukkafromtheHelsinkiparishservices.“Abadconsciencecomesfromconflictingpressures,fromthefeelingthatyoujustcan’tmanageeverythingthatyouconsiderimportant.Frustrationandstressaretheresult.”“Ourinternalizedroles—therolemodelsthatwesubconsciouslyfollow—alsocontributetotheproblem.Throughoutourlives,wecarrywithusthepartweplayedinourownfamily.Thiscanbeasourceofencouragementandsupport,ortheseedsofabadconscience.”Whatcanwedoforabadconscience?“Ourfailurestendtobecomeexaggeratedinourminds,especiallyifsomeoneclosetousverbalizesthem.Youhavetosetpriority.Couplesshoulddecidetogetherifoneofthemisgoingtoconcentrateonworkandtheotheronfamily.Thecoupleisthefoundationofthehome,sotheyhavetofindcommonground,”commentsHannuKuukka.Atwork,youspendyourtimewithadults,andyoucanexcelinyourownfield.Areyoumorecomfortableatworkthanathome?Thisisacommonfeeling—andanothersourceofguilt.“Itisnotunusualforrelationshipsatworktobeeasierandmorestraightforwardthanthoseathome.Theeverydaylifeofafamilywithchildrencanbeexhausting.Andtoday,withgrowingcompetitionandmorefrictionatwork,eventheserelationshipshavebecomemoredifficult,”saysKuukka.1．Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto______.A.itemizewhatpeoplehavetoaccomplishintheirlivesB.briefarealbuttoughsituationforcouplestocopewithC.explainwhysomepeoplelongforabreakofroutineD.showhowafull-timejobgoesagainstafamilylife2．Accordingtotheauthor,thedecisivefactorforonetoperformwellatworkis______.A.responsibilityanddevotionB.rightqualificationsC.originalityandopen-mindednessD.anIQatleastabove1303．Whatseemsalwaysproblematicforone’sfamilylifeisthat______.A.moneyneverseemstobeenoughB.friendshipsandfamilyrelationshipsarehardtokeepupC.onesimplycan’taffordthetimeD.it’simpossibletosharefeelingswitheveryonearound4．Accordingtothepassage,theconstantcauseofabadconscienceliesinthefactthat______.A.oneattemptstoachieveagoodbalancebetweenworkandfamily-lifeB.peoplehaveunknowinglyplayedstereotypedsexrolesinfamilyC.ourmindsarebesetwithexaggeratedinformationaboutfamilyproblemsD.nocoupleiscapableofhandlingmorethanonethingatatime5．Whatdoestheunderlinedpronoun‘them’(line19)refertointhecontext?A.MindsB.ParentsC.FailuresD.Priorities6．AssuggestedbyKuukka,therightwaytoapproachtheproblemisto______.A.exchangerolemodelsbetweenthecoupleinthesameboatB.lookatthesameproblemfromadifferentperspectiveC.turnadeafeartowhateverotherpeoplewouldsayD.getthecouple’sprioritiesrighttoensurearewardinglife7．Fromthelastparagraph,itcanbesafelyinferredthat______.A.workrelationshipsareasdifficulttokeepupasfamilyrelationshipsB.workingparentsusuallyfeelmorecomfortableatworkthanathomeC.growingcompetitionhasaffectedtheotherwisegoodtermswithco-workersD.thebestmomentofthedayiswhenyoumighthaveescapedfromfamilychores【答案與解析】1．B 第一段首句“thelistof‘should’isverylong.”意思為：生活中“應(yīng)該做的事”很多。后面列舉了工作、個(gè)人修養(yǎng)與提高以及家庭生活的幾個(gè)例子。這一段是全文的引言段，目的不在列舉本身，是為了說(shuō)明下文中作者要提到的雙職工家庭工作與生活中所遇到的問(wèn)題與解決的辦法。在第六段第四句“couplesshoulddecidetogetherif…”中，作者明確指出了夫妻雙方應(yīng)如何面對(duì)這些問(wèn)題。2．A 第二段作者列出了要做好工作所具備的條件。該段最后一句意思為：工作中承擔(dān)責(zé)任與工作熱情是最根本的條件。3．C 第三段作者列出了要管好家庭所要做的一系列事情。該段最后一句說(shuō)：可是你得有時(shí)間。言外之意就是要做好這些事是要花很多時(shí)間的，可是我們沒(méi)有那么多時(shí)間。4．A 根據(jù)文中第四段“Abadconsciencecomesfromconflicting…”可知：我們的負(fù)罪感是來(lái)源于相互沖突的壓力，即我們感到我們沒(méi)能把我們認(rèn)為重要的每一件事都做好。這里主要是指工作與生活的沖突。5．C 第六段第二句意為：如果我們身邊的人嘮叨我們的失敗，我們就會(huì)覺(jué)得問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重。這里them是指代主句中的主語(yǔ)。6．D 第六段第三句作者引用Kuukka的話(huà)：夫妻雙方應(yīng)決定把什么放在首位，一起決定誰(shuí)要以工作為主，誰(shuí)要以家庭為主。7．B 文章最后一段作者說(shuō)：我們?cè)诠ぷ髦信c成年人打交道，而且你可以發(fā)揮你的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)。你上班時(shí)比在家更舒服嗎？一般人都這么認(rèn)為，這也是我們有負(fù)罪感的另一個(gè)原因。Passage2給孩子以關(guān)心ThebookLoveandItsPlaceinNatureobservedthatwithoutlovechildrentendtodie.AndAshleyMontagu,notedBritish-bornanthropologist,wentsofarastosay:Thechildwhohasnotbeenlovedisbiochemically,physiologically,andpsychologicallyverydifferentfromtheonewhohasbeenloved.Theformerevengrowsdifferentlyfromthelatter.TheTorontoStarreportedonastudythatreachedsimilarconclusions.Itsaid:“Childrenraisedwithoutbeingregularlyhugged,caressedorstroked…h(huán)aveabnormallyhighlevelsofstresshormones.”Indeed,physicalneglectduringinfancy“canhaveseriouslong-rangeeffectsonlearningandmemory.”Thesefindingsemphasizetheneedforthephysicalpresenceofparents.Otherwise,howcanstrongtiesdevelopbetweenparentandchild?Butsorrytosay,eveninaffluentpartsoftheworld,thetendencynowistotrytosupplyachild’sneedsapartfromhisorherparents.Childrenaresentawaytoschool,sentawaytowork,sentawaytosummercamp,andgivenmoneyandsentawaytoplacesofrecreation.Thrustoutofthefamilynucleus,circlinginorbitatadistance,asitwere,millionsofchildrennaturallycometofeel—ifonlysubconsciously—neglected,unwanted,andunloved,surroundedbyahostileworldofgrownups.Suchaprevailingfeelingamongchildrenmaybeonereasonwhytherearesomanystreetchildren.TypicalisyoungMicha,whosaid:“Noonewantedmeanymore.”Anine-year-oldboysimilarlycomplained:“Iwouldratherbeourdog.”Childneglectisaformofmistreatmentanditcanleadtomoresinisterformsofmistreatmentsuchasthephysicalmistreatmentandsexualabuseofchildren.Regardlessoftheformmistreatmenttakes,itsendschildrenthemessagethattheyareunlovedandunwanted.AccordingtotheGermannewspaperDieWelt,“moreandmorechildrenaregrowinguptobesocialcripples.”Itadds:“Childrenlackthewarmthofthenest.Theemotionalbondingbetweenchildrenandparentsisbecomingweaker,oritisneverestablishedinthefirstplace.Suchchildrenfeelneglected,andtheirdesireforsecuritygoesunfulfilled.”Childrenwhoaredeniedtheirrighttobewantedandlovedmaybecomebitter,takingouttheirfrustrationsonthosewhohaveneglectedthemorpossiblyonsocietyasawhole.Fullyadecadeago,aCanadiantaskforcereportsignaledtheneedforimmediateactionlestawholegeneration“whothinksocietydoesn’tcareaboutthem”belost.Unlovedandunwantedyoungstersmaybetemptedtorunawayfromhometoescapetheirproblems,onlytofindbiggeronesincitiesplaguedwithcrime,drugs,andimmorality.Infact,policehaveestimatedthat20,000runawaysunder16werelivinginoneU.S.metropolitanareaalone.Theyweredescribedas“theproductsofbrokenhomesandbrutality,ofteninflictedbyalcoholicordrug-addictedparents.Theytaketothestreets,usetheirbodiesforsurvivalandthen,beatenbypimpsandbereftofself-esteem,liveinfearofreprisaliftheyattempttoescapetheracket.”Sadtosay,despitehonesteffortstochangethisdeplorablesituation,itstillexists.Childrengrowingupinthecircumstancesdescribedabovedevelopintounbalancedadults,oftenbeingunabletorearchildrenoftheirownproperly.Beingunwantedandunlovedthemselves,theylaterproducemoreoftheirownkind.1．Themainideaofthepassageisthat______.A.childrenneedtobelovedbiochemicallyB.childrentendtodiewithoutloveC.lackoflovecanhaveseriouseffectsonthegrowing-upofachildD.neglectedchildrenwillgrowupintounbalancedadults2．Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.A.parentscanestablishclosetieswiththeirchildrenbylettingthembeB.childrenshouldreceiveeducationfromtheirparents,notfromschoolsC.childrenshouldnotbeforcedtostayawayfromthefamilynucleusD.childrenshouldcircletheirparentsinorbitatadistance3．Thereasonwhysomanychildrenhavegrownuptobesocialcripplesisthat______.A.someparentscouldonlygetwarmthfromotherstreetchildrenB.manychildren