安徽大學(xué)外語學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)英語歷年考研真題及詳解

2002年安徽大學(xué)318基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.(10%)1.AstheboatboundforNanjingleavesonlyon_____days,wehadnochoicebuttostayinthehotelovernight.A.alternativeB.separateC.alternateD.successive【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：開往南京的火車隔天才發(fā)，我們除了整晚呆在旅館別無選擇。alternative供選擇的；交替的。separate單獨的；分開的。alternate交替的；輪流的。successive連續(xù)的；依次的。onalternatedays屬于固定搭配，意為“隔天”。故正確答案為C。2.I’dliketobuytheradio,butIhaven’tgotanymoneyonmeatthemoment.Couldyou_____formeforadayortwo?A.putitoutB.putitbyC.takeitinD.layitin【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我想買這臺收音機，但我現(xiàn)在沒錢，能幫我留上一天兩天嗎？putout撲滅。putby放在旁邊。takein理解。layin躺在……上。根據(jù)句意可知，putitby最為符合。故正確答案為B。3.Thenovelistisahighly_____personwithgreattalent.A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.imaginaryD.imaginal【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：這位小說家是一個極富想象力的人，具有非凡的才能。imaginative富于想象力的。imaginable可能的；可想象的。imaginary虛構(gòu)的；假想的。imaginal形象的。根據(jù)句意可知，imaginative最為符合。故正確答案為A。4.Awayfromthebusierroads,the_____atmosphereremainsoneofcalmmediationandcontentment.A.controllingB.prevailingC.dominantD.influential【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：遠離繁忙的道路，普遍的氣氛仍然是平靜的調(diào)解和知足。controlling控制；管控。prevailing流行的；最普通的。dominant占優(yōu)勢的；支配的。influential有影響力的；有勢力的。根據(jù)句意可知，prevailing最為符合。故正確答案為B。5.Nowadays,akindof_____grainthatistwiceasexpensiveasregulargrainisbecomingpopularinHefei.A.purifiedB.clarifiedC.whitenedD.refined【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在，一種比普通糧食貴一倍的精制谷物在合肥越來越受歡迎。purified凈化的；精制的。clarified澄清的；透明的。whitened漂白的；刷白的。refined微妙的；有教養(yǎng)的。根據(jù)句意可知，purified最為符合。故正確答案為A。6.Ocean-goingvesselshaveoftenusedflagstoindicatetheirnational_____.A.homageB.allegianceC.obligationD.obedience【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：遠洋船只經(jīng)常使用旗幟來表示他們效忠的國家。homage敬意；尊敬。allegiance效忠；忠誠。obligation義務(wù)；職責(zé)。obedience服從；管轄。根據(jù)句意可知，allegiance最為符合。故正確答案為B。7.Einstein,whoworkedouthistheoryofrelativity,livedtoa_____oldage.A.matureB.perfectC.ripeD.obedience【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：研究出相對論的愛因斯坦活到了晚年。mature成熟的；成年人的。perfect完美的。ripe成熟的；時機成熟的。obedience服從；順從。ripeoldage意為“晚年”。故正確答案為C。8.Somepeopledonotliketohavetheirdaily_____upset.A.systemB.customC.routineD.life【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：有些人不喜歡讓自己的日常生活煩惱。dailyroutine屬于固定搭配，表示“日常工作；日常生活”，符合句意。故正確答案為C。9.Alllivingcreatureshavesome_____thatarepassedonfromonegenerationtothenext.A.propertiesB.aspectsC.facultiesD.attributes【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：所有生物都有一些代代相傳的特征。property性能；財產(chǎn)。aspect方面；形式。faculty教員；學(xué)院。attribute屬性；特征。根據(jù)句意可知，attribute最為符合。故正確答案為D。10.Thewholeareasofnationalandlocalgovernmentswassubjectedtoathoroughfinancial_____andinefficiencyandwastewereattacked.A.searchB.researchC.surveyD.scrutiny【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：全國和地方政府的整個領(lǐng)域都受到了徹底的財政審查，效率低下和浪費都受到突擊。search搜尋；探究。research研究；調(diào)查。survey調(diào)查；測量。scrutiny監(jiān)視；細(xì)看。根據(jù)句意可知，scrutiny最為符合。故正確答案為D。Ⅱ.Choosetherightwordinthebracketineachofthefollowingsentence.(10%)1.Johnwassentencedtothreemonthsimprisonmentbecausehetriedto_____taxbyfalsifyinghisreturns.(evade/avoid)【答案】evade查看答案【解析】句意：因為約翰企圖通過偽造申報表逃稅，被判入獄三個月。avoid避免；躲避。evade意為“規(guī)避；逃避”，經(jīng)常與tax搭配，表示“逃稅”。故選擇evade。2.Whenwritingthecomposition,besuretowriteineveryotherlineandleavea_____.(edge/margin)【答案】margin查看答案【解析】句意：寫作文時，一定要寫在每一行，然后留一頁邊。edge邊緣；刀刃。margin頁邊的空白；余裕。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇margin。3.Aftertheaccidentwhenhecametohis_____,inahospitalbed,heaskedaboutthesafetyofhiscolleagues.(senses/sensation)【答案】senses查看答案【解析】句意：senses感覺；意義。sensation感動；轟動。cometoone’ssenses意為“恢復(fù)知覺”。故選擇senses。4.Thefourth-yearstudentshave_____opinionsaboutwhatisthemostimportantthinginlife.(varied/various)【答案】various查看答案【解析】句意：四年級學(xué)生對生活中最重要的事情有不同的看法。varied多變的；雜色的。various各種各樣的；多方面的。根據(jù)句意可知，various最為符合。故選擇various。5.SincehewasnotinShanghaiwhenthefirstmurdertookplace,thepolicefindnoreasonto_____himnowashehassomethingurgenttodoinBeijing.(retain/detain)【答案】detain查看答案【解析】句意：由于第一次謀殺發(fā)生時他不在上海，警方現(xiàn)在沒有理由拘留他，他在北京有急事要做。retain保持；保留。detain拘留；扣押。根據(jù)句意可知，detain最為符合。故選擇detain。6.Travelcanbeagood_____toone’seducationbecauseitbreaksone’svision.(compliment/complement)【答案】complement查看答案【解析】句意：旅行是對一個人的教育的一個很好的補充，因為它拓寬了一個人的視野。compliment恭維；問候。complement補語；補充。根據(jù)句意可知，complement最為符合。故選擇complement。7.Theblackpeoplewereindignantaboutthe_____lip-serviceofthepoliticianswhomadepromisestothemwhichtheyknowcouldnotbekept.(flagrant/fragrant)【答案】flagrant查看答案【解析】句意：黑人對政客們公然的口頭承諾表示憤慨，他們作出了承諾，而黑人知道這些承諾是無法兌現(xiàn)的。flagrant公然的；明目張膽的。fragrant芳香的；愉快的。根據(jù)句意可知，flagrant最為符合。故選擇flagrant。8.Thedirector’s_____remark,utteredinamaliciousway,greatlyhurttheyoungsecretary.(contemptuous/contemptible)【答案】contemptuous查看答案【解析】句意：主任輕蔑的話語，以一種惡意的方式，極大地傷害了年輕的秘書。contemptuous輕蔑的；侮辱的。contemptible可鄙的；可輕視的。根據(jù)句意可知，contemptuous最為符合。故選擇contemptuous。9.Theformerworldboxingchampionwantedustogetintouchwithhis_____adviserforthecharge.(legal/lawful)【答案】legal查看答案【解析】句意：這位前世界拳擊冠軍希望我們與他的法律顧問取得聯(lián)系。legal法律的；合法的。lawful合法的；法定的。legaladviser屬于固定搭配，意為“法律顧問”。故選擇legal。10.Theteacher’sanimatedwayofteachingwill_____quickresponsefromthestudentsinlanguageteaching.(illicit/elicit)【答案】elicit查看答案【解析】句意：這位老師生動的教學(xué)方式能引起學(xué)生對語言教學(xué)的快速反應(yīng)。illicit違法的；不正當(dāng)?shù)摹licit抽出；引出。elicitresponse屬于常用搭配，表示“引起……的反應(yīng)”。故選擇elicit。Ⅲ.Replaceeachunderlinedphrasewithanappropriatewordgrouplistedbelow.(10%)1.Pleasedon’tresentourreply,butyou’vegoingallalongtheline.【答案】ineveryrespects查看答案【解析】句意：請不要怨恨我們的答復(fù)，但你已經(jīng)處處這樣做了。allalongtheline意為“處處；全面地”。ineveryrespects在每一方面；各個方面，與allalongtheline意義相近。所以選擇ineveryrespects。2.Yourfriendshipwillsoonfallthroughbecauseyourfriendswillrecognizeinsincerity.【答案】cometonothing查看答案【解析】句意：你的友誼很快就會破裂，因為你的朋友會認(rèn)識到你的不真誠。fallthrough意為“落空；失敗”，這里指友誼破裂。cometonothing與fallthrough意義相近，均表示“失敗”。所以選擇cometonothing。3.XiaoWangsaidthathewasoutofsortsanddidn’tfeelequaltothetaskassignedhim.【答案】notwell查看答案【解析】句意：小王說他心情很不好，覺得分配給他的任務(wù)不公平。outofsorts意為“心情不佳；身體不適”。notwell與outofsorts意義接近，意為“不爽；身體不佳”。所以選擇notwell。4.HisgrandmotherwasinaflutterwhenshewasexpectingacityofficialwhowouldvisittheNeighborhoodCommitteewheresheworked.【答案】inastateofnervousexcitement查看答案【解析】句意：他的祖母等著一個城市官員去拜訪她工作的社區(qū)委員會時，感到心慌意亂。inaflutter意為“心慌意亂；心緒不寧”。inastateofnervousexcitement與inaflutter意義相近，表示“心情緊張”。所以選擇inastateofnervousexcitement。5.Where’sthechild?Ihopehe’snotuptoanyofhisoldtricksagain!【答案】engagedin查看答案【解析】句意：那孩子在哪里？我希望他再也不會玩老把戲了！upto意為“正在做；忙于”。engagedin與upto意義相近，均表示“忙于”。所以選擇engagedin。6.Whensallywasunjustlyblamed,sheretortedheatedly.Shewouldn’ttakethingslyingdown.【答案】submitwithoutopposition查看答案【解析】句意：薩莉受到不公正的指責(zé)時，她進行了激烈地反駁。她不會輕易認(rèn)輸。takethingslyingdown意為“輕易認(rèn)輸”。submitwithoutopposition與takethingslyingdown意義接近，表示“沒有反對就屈服了”。所以選擇submitwithoutopposition。7.Tobeginwith,notalltheEnglishremainloyalandfirmtoEnglishness.【答案】holdfastto查看答案【解析】句意：首先，并非所有的英國人都對英國范保持忠誠和堅定。firmto意為“堅定于；堅持”。holdfastto與firmto意義接近，表示“緊緊抓住；堅持”。所以選擇holdfastto。8.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbesubvertedbyhostilepowers.【答案】becomethepreyof查看答案【解析】句意：但是，這種希望的和平革命不會被敵對勢力破壞。besubvertedby意為“被……破壞”。becomethepreyof與besubvertedby意義接近，意為“成為……的犧牲品”。所以選擇becomethepreyof。9.Thefamilyhadleftinahurry,leavingeverythingatsixesandsevens.【答案】ingreatdisorder查看答案【解析】句意：這家人匆匆離去，把一切都弄得亂七八糟。atsixesandsevens意為“亂七八糟”。ingreatdisorder與atsixesandsevens意義接近，表示“烏七八糟；七零八落”。所以選擇ingreatdisorder。10.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangeroustigerisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.【答案】wanderingaboutfreely查看答案【解析】句意：想到在寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村里有一只危險的老虎還逍遙法外，真令人不安。atlarge意為“未被捕的；逍遙法外的”。wanderingaboutfreely與atlarge意義接近，表示“自由地閑逛”。所以選擇wanderingaboutfreely。Ⅳ.Finisheachofthefollowingsentencesinsuchawaythatitmeansthesameasthesentenceaboveit.(20%)1.Onlyafterdoingdullrepetitiveworkonthewaterfrontcouldhecomposesentenceinthebackofhismind.Itwas____________________________________________________________.【答案】Itwasafterdoingdullrepetitiveworkonthewaterfrontthathecouldcomposesentenceinthebackofhismind.查看答案【解析】本題考查強調(diào)句式Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+who/that...。注意原句使用了部分倒裝，轉(zhuǎn)換句子時要把倒裝的部分放回原位。2.Hepersuadedmetobelievethatbothchildrenandmaturepeoplethriveondullroutine.Heconvinced____________________________________________________________.【答案】Heconvincedmeofbelievingbothchildrenandmaturepeoplethriveondullroutine.查看答案【解析】convince用作及物動詞，主要意思是“使信服，使確信”，指通過講道理、擺事實使人在理性上對問題具有認(rèn)識或表示信服，后面可跟從句，of引起的短語，人稱代詞和名詞。3.Tomwasunabletodoanythinkingandcomposingonthecompany’stimethisfrequentlymadehimdepressed.Hisfrequent____________________________________________________________.【答案】Hisfrequentdepressionwascausedbyfailingtodoanythinkingandcomposingonthecompany’stime.查看答案【解析】本題將主語轉(zhuǎn)換成了“他經(jīng)常感到抑郁的原因”，將形容詞depressed轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞depression。4.Wehadjustfinishedexpressingouropinionsaboutbeautywhenhestooduptosaytheopposite.Nosooner____________________________________________________________.【答案】Nosoonerhadwefinishedexpressingouropinionsaboutbeautythanhestooduptosaytheopposite.查看答案【解析】本題考察nosooner...than...句式，意為“一……就……”，使用部分倒裝，將助動詞had提前。5.AbigfiredestroyedmanyoftheoldbuildingsinancientAthens.Thedestruction____________________________________________________________.【答案】ThedestructioncausedbyabigfireinvolvedmanyoftheoldbuildingsinancientAthens.查看答案【解析】本題將主語轉(zhuǎn)換成了“古雅典建筑的毀滅”，將原因大火做狀語即可，使用被動式。6.Theyrefusedtopromisesomeofthecapable,thoughtfulwomenonthepretextoftheshortageoffunds.Theexcuse____________________________________________________________.【答案】Theexcusetheymadeforrefusingtopromisesomeofthecapable,thoughtfulwomenwastheshortageoffunds.查看答案【解析】onthepretextof意為“以……為借口”，theexcuse意為“借口”，即將“借口”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱酥髡Z，可以使用省略that的定語從句。7.AstheConfederatesoldiersfoughtlonger,theybecameincreasinglytired,underfedandpoorlyclothed.Thelonger____________________________________________________________.【答案】ThelongertheConfederatesoldiersfought,themoretired,underfedandpoorlytheybecame.查看答案【解析】本題考查themore...themore...句式，意為“越是……就越是……”，more后面接形容詞。8.Manyhadalreadyhandledinthepaperwhensherememberedshehadtotellthedifferencebetweenaproverbandaparable.Itwasnot____________________________________________________________.【答案】Itwasnotuntilmanyhadalreadyhandledinthepaperthatsherememberedshehadtotellthedifferencebetweenaproverbandaparable.查看答案【解析】本題考查itwasnotuntil...that...句式，也可以使用itwasnotuntil...did...句式，均表示“直到……才……”。后者需要使用倒裝，將助動詞提前。9.WheneverIgotothebankwithitsuniquearchitecture,itisalwaysfullofpeople.Ihavenever____________________________________________________________.【答案】Ihaveneverbeenalonetogotothebankwithitsuniquearchitecture.查看答案【解析】由于句子表示每次去銀行都是擠滿了人，所以可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“我從沒有獨自去過銀行”（因為總是有人）。10.EventhoughItriedtounderstandtheimpliedmeaningtheauthormeanttoconvey.Icouldn’tmakeheadortailofit.Despite____________________________________________________________.【答案】Despitetryingtounderstandtheimpliedmeaningtheauthormeanttoconvey,Icouldn’tmakeheadortailofit.查看答案【解析】eventhough屬于連詞，后面接完整的句子。despite屬于介詞，后面接動詞ing形式。Ⅴ.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordwiththelettergivenbelow.(10%)Inrecentyears,euthanasiahasagainsparkedaworldwidedebateoverthemoralandlegalimplicationsoftheact.Ontheonehand,euthanasiafreesfatalpatientsfrom(1)u_____physicalpainsandthefamiliesoffatalpatientsfromheavy(2)f_____burdens.Ontheotherhand,thedoctorwho(3)p_____euthanasiaonpatientswithfatalillnesswithnohopeofrecoveryare(4)o_____condemnedbymanypeopleand(5)a_____oftheso-called“assistedmurder”.Thepointofthe(6)i_____iswhetherthesocietyshould(7)i_____itsvaluesuponthepatients.Wemayaskwhat(8)e_____wouldbemoraldifferencebe(9)b_____seeingapatientdieinpain(10)a_____endinghisorherlifein(11)p_____.Isitmorallyjustifiedto(12)d_____lengthenthetimeofthepatient’s(13)s_____,thesufferingthat(14)s_____noend?Thereisnoreasontothinkthateuthanasiaconflictsfundamentallywiththe(15)e_____valuesintermsofsocial(16)n_____.Afterall,theworldischangingandwhathasexistedisnot(17)a_____justifiable.Inanycase,itis(18)p_____tomakelawsthatwillprovideanopportunityforthepracticeof(19)t_____euthanasiaaccordingtothepatient’sownwish(20)w_____preventingrealmurder.【答案與解析】1.unbearable（根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“安樂死”是為了幫助身患絕癥的人擺脫病痛的，而這種病痛通常都是到了“難以忍受的程度”，所以才想要解脫。由提示u可推測為unbearable。）2.financial（由邏輯推測，得絕癥的病人通常都會花大量的費用維續(xù)生命，通常會給家庭帶來經(jīng)濟負(fù)擔(dān)，故填financial。）3.practiced（根據(jù)文意，此處句子指給病人“實施”安樂死的醫(yī)生，由提示字母p可知是動詞practice，填過去式表示過去“實施過”這樣的手術(shù)的醫(yī)生。）4.often（根據(jù)邏輯推測，給絕癥病人實施安樂死“通?！倍紩艿酵饨缏氊?zé)。故填often。）5.accused（beaccusedof屬于固定搭配，意為“被指控為”，根據(jù)上下文，這里指醫(yī)生被指控為協(xié)助謀殺。）6.issue（本篇文章都是在討論“安樂死”這一問題，根據(jù)提示字母i可知此處填issue。）7.impose（imposeupon屬于固定搭配，表示“強加于”，即此處表示將這一價值觀強加給病人，填impose符合文章邏輯。）8.exactly（whatexactlywouldbe意為“到底是什么”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，即意為道德上有何區(qū)別。）9.between（此處缺少介詞between表示“目睹患者痛苦地死去”和“安樂中結(jié)束他們的生命”之間道德上的區(qū)別。）10.and（此處缺少連接詞and，將相比較的兩個成分連接。）11.peace（inpeace意為“在安樂中”，符合上下文對于“安樂死”的討論，即表示讓病人安詳?shù)厮廊?。?2.deliberately（根據(jù)上下文，與安樂死相對的，就是有意去延長絕癥病人痛苦的生命。故