初中化學(xué)堿的化學(xué)性質(zhì)市公開課一等獎?wù)n件省賽課獲獎?wù)n件

第二節(jié)堿及其性質(zhì)堿化學(xué)性質(zhì)1/45酸通性有哪些？酸與批示劑反應(yīng)酸與金屬單質(zhì)反應(yīng)酸與金屬氧化物反應(yīng)酸與鹽反應(yīng)2/45研究物質(zhì)化學(xué)性質(zhì)一般思緒：根據(jù)分類選擇物質(zhì)試驗探究確定性質(zhì)典型物質(zhì)性質(zhì)探究一類物質(zhì)共有化學(xué)性質(zhì)歸納3/45氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鈣化學(xué)性質(zhì)請對桌面上試劑中溶質(zhì)進行分類NaOH溶液Ca(OH)2溶液鐵釘生銹鐵釘CuCl2溶液FeCl3溶液Na2CO3溶液石蕊試液酚酞試液堿金屬氧化物鹽酸堿批示劑4/45NaOH溶液Ca(OH)2溶液化學(xué)方程式批示劑銹釘CuCl2溶液FeCl3溶液Na2CO3溶液石蕊藍酚酞

紅石蕊藍酚酞紅無現(xiàn)象無現(xiàn)象藍色沉淀藍色沉淀紅褐色沉淀紅褐色沉淀白色沉淀無現(xiàn)象Ca(OH)2+CuCl2=Cu(OH)2↓+CaCl2

2NaOH+CuCl2=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl3NaOH+FeCl3=Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl3Ca(OH)2+2FeCl3=2Fe(OH)3↓+3CaCl2

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3↓

+2NaOHNaOH+CO2×化學(xué)性質(zhì)相同異差氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鈣化學(xué)性質(zhì)Ca(OH)2+CuCl2=Cu(OH)2↓+CaCl2

2NaOH+CuCl2=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl

3NaOH+FeCl3=Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl

3Ca(OH)2+2FeCl3

=2Fe(OH)3↓+3CaCl2

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3↓

+2NaOH5/45NaOH溶液Ca(OH)2溶液A組B組石蕊試液酚酞試液石蕊試液酚酞試液6/45NaOH溶液Ca(OH)2溶液A組B組7/45NaOH溶液Ca(OH)2溶液A組B組氯化銅溶液氯化鐵溶液氯化銅溶液氯化鐵溶液8/45NaOH溶液Ca(OH)2溶液A組B組碳酸鈉溶液碳酸鈉溶液9/452NaOH+CuCl2Na+OH-Cu2+Cl－Cu(OH)2Na+OH-Cl－2NaOH+CuCl2

=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl

10/45Cl-FeCl3NaOHOH-Na+Na+Na+OH-Fe3+OH-Fe(OH)3Cl-Cl-3NaOH+FeCl3

=Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl

11/45NaOH+CO2

〓？√疑問：(1)瓶子變癟就有充足理由說明是CO2和NaOH溶液反應(yīng)了？試驗探究二猜猜看間接觀測法控制變量Na+OH—

H2OH2O+CO2

〓H2CO3

Na2CO3+H2OCO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+H2O(2)要證明該反應(yīng)發(fā)生，還能夠從哪方面進行，還需要補充哪些試驗？反應(yīng)物→生成物思緒分析驗證減少驗證生成12/45堿溶液化學(xué)性質(zhì)（1）堿溶液與酸堿批示劑反應(yīng)（2）堿+非金屬氧化物2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2OCa(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3↓+H2O2NaOH+CuCl2=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl堿溶液都能夠使紫色石蕊變藍、無色酚酞變紅鹽+水新堿+新鹽（3）堿+鹽3NaOH+FeCl3=Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl歸納小結(jié)Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3↓

+2NaOH13/45氫氧化鈉用途14/45氫氧

化鈣用途15/4516/45這節(jié)課你學(xué)到了什么？跟你朋友們一起分享吧！知識上．．．辦法上．．．情感上．．．你說我說17/45典型物質(zhì)性質(zhì)一類物質(zhì)通性同類物質(zhì)性質(zhì)歸納推測結(jié)識一類物質(zhì)化學(xué)性質(zhì)辦法18/451、氫氧化鈉固體應(yīng)當(dāng)如何保存？請說明原因2、推測KOH溶液會有哪些化學(xué)性質(zhì)？說說你理由。挑戰(zhàn)自我19/45請用盡可能多辦法辨別稀鹽酸和氫氧化鈉溶液兩種無色液體。

課后作業(yè)：20/45謝謝！21/45謝謝！22/451、為何NaOH溶液和Ca(OH)2溶液具有那么多相同化學(xué)性質(zhì)？請從微粒角度分析并說出理由。NaOH=Na++OH—Ca(OH)2=Ca2++2OH—2、NaOH和Ca(OH)2化學(xué)性質(zhì)為何會有差異？請從微粒角度分析并說出你理由。刨根問底堿溶液化學(xué)性質(zhì)其實質(zhì)是OH—化學(xué)性質(zhì)NaOH+Na2CO3Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3↑

+2NaOH×組成和構(gòu)造組成和構(gòu)造決定同共性異個性23/45氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鈣化學(xué)性質(zhì)NaOH、Ca(OH)2與鐵和鐵銹都不反應(yīng)批示劑銹釘CuCl2溶液FeCl3溶液Na2CO3溶液加入NaOH溶液加入Ca(OH)2溶液石蕊藍酚酞

紅石蕊藍酚酞紅無現(xiàn)象無現(xiàn)象藍色沉淀藍色沉淀紅褐色沉淀紅褐色沉淀白色沉淀無現(xiàn)象24/45Ca(OH)2+CuCl2

=Cu(OH)2↓+CaCl2

2NaOH+CuCl2

=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl

3NaOH+FeCl3

=Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl

3Ca(OH)2+2FeCl3

=2Fe(OH)3↓+3CaCl2

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3↓

+2NaOH復(fù)分解反應(yīng)25/45氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鈣化學(xué)性質(zhì)批示劑銹釘CuCl2溶液FeCl3溶液Na2CO3溶液加入NaOH溶液加入Ca(OH)2溶液石蕊藍酚酞

紅石蕊藍酚酞紅無現(xiàn)象無現(xiàn)象藍色沉淀藍色沉淀紅褐色沉淀紅褐色沉淀白色沉淀無現(xiàn)象化學(xué)性質(zhì)相同差異26/45復(fù)習(xí)回憶我們用什么辦法結(jié)識了酸化學(xué)性質(zhì)，請總結(jié)出酸有哪些化學(xué)通性？單質(zhì)物質(zhì)純凈物混合物化合物氧化物酸堿鹽Mg、Fe、CuFe2O3、CuOAgNO3、Na2CO3

BaCl2HClH2SO427/45Cu2+Cl－Cl－Na+OH-Na+OH-Cl－Cl－Na+Na+Cu(OH)2反應(yīng)前反應(yīng)后28/45DiagramThemeGallery

isaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.TitleAddyourtextThemeGallery

isaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.29/45

CycleDiagramTextTextTextTextTextCyclenameAddYourText30/45DiagramTextTextTextAddYourTitleTextText1Text2Text3Text4Text5AddYourTitleTextText1Text2Text3Text4Text5TextText31/45DiagramConceptAddYourTextTextTextTextTextTextText32/45DiagramAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourText33/45DiagramAddYourTitleAddYourTitleAddYourTitleThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.34/45DiagramThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.TextTextText35/45MarketingDiagramConceptConceptconceptConcept36/45DiagramAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextAddYourTextText37/45Diagram1ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.2ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.3ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.38/45DiagramYourTextYourTextYourTextYourTextYourTextYourTextYourTextYourText202320232023202339/45DiagramTitleThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.TitleThemeGallery

isaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.TitleThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.40/45BlockDiagramTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT