李觀儀《新編英語(yǔ)教程（2）》（第3版）學(xué)習(xí)指南【詞匯短語(yǔ)＋課文精解＋全文翻譯＋練習(xí)答案】

Unit1一、單元語(yǔ)法本單元主要涉及復(fù)合動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所謂復(fù)合動(dòng)詞，也就是謂語(yǔ)部分有多個(gè)表動(dòng)作意味的詞。本單元涉及到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和一般動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：should/could＋bedone，例：Moretimeshouldbegiventothisissue.應(yīng)該在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上多花些時(shí)間。此外，還應(yīng)注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)，如一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbe＋done；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)wouldbe＋done；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/arebeingdone；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing＋done；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havebeen＋done；過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeen＋done；將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shallhavebeen＋done，例：Willwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?我們會(huì)被邀請(qǐng)參加開(kāi)幕式嗎？（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.消息一到，就會(huì)被傳到士兵的母親那兒去。（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）Thebuildingisbeingbuiltnow.那座大樓現(xiàn)在正在被建造。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）SupperwasbeingpreparedwhenIarrivedhome.我到家時(shí)，晚飯正在準(zhǔn)備。（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）Swiftprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation.文化和教育方面已取得了很大進(jìn)展。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）ThebridgehadbeendamagedbeforetheWorldWarⅡ.這座橋在二戰(zhàn)前就已經(jīng)毀壞了。（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）Thebookwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.這本書(shū)下月末就能完成了。（將來(lái)完成時(shí)）

二、詞匯短語(yǔ)

Languagestructures

1handicap[5hAndikAp]n.aphysicalormentaldisability身心的缺陷[擴(kuò)展]handicappedadj.殘疾的，智力障礙的

2scratchy[5skrAtFi]adj.makingaharsh,scratchingnoise發(fā)刮擦聲的：ascratchyrecord有沙沙聲的唱片

3magnetic[mA^5netik]adj.concerningorproducedbymagnetism磁的，有磁性的：magnetichead磁頭

4jaywalk[5dVeiwC:k]vi.tocrossastreetillegallyorinarecklessmanner不遵守交通規(guī)則亂穿馬路

5pedestrian[pe5destriEn]n.apersontravelingonfoot;awalker行人，步行者

6zebracrossing斑馬線(xiàn)aplacemarkedwithblackandwhitelineswherepeoplewhoarewalkingcancrossaroadsafely

7conscientious[7kCnFi5enFEs]adj.a)(ofpeopleorconduct)carefultodowhatoneoughttodo,anddoitaswellasonecan（指人或行為）認(rèn)真的，盡責(zé)的：aconscientiousworker勤勤懇懇的工作人員；b)(ofactions)donewithgreatcareandattention（指行動(dòng)）小心謹(jǐn)慎的：Thisessayisamostconsciouspieceofwork.這篇論文是精雕細(xì)刻的工作。

8hoarse[hC:s]adj.roughorgratinginsound嘶啞的：ahoarsecry嘶啞的喊叫

9shabby[5FAbi]adj.showingsignsofwearandtear;threadbareorworn-out破舊的，襤褸的：beshabbyindress衣衫襤褸

10brochure[brEu5FjuE]n.asmallbookletorpamphlet小冊(cè)子

11sewage[5sju(:)idV]n.liquidandsolidwastecarriedoffinsewersordrains下水道的污物

12renovate[5renEuveit]vt.restore(esp.oldbuildings)togoodcondition修復(fù)（尤指舊建筑物），整修：Thehousehasbeenrenovatedthreeyearsearlier.這所房子三年前就已翻新。

13mapout籌劃或安排某事makeaplantodosth.：Iliketomapoutthewholeweekinadvance.我喜歡事先把一周的時(shí)間詳細(xì)計(jì)劃好。

Dialogue

1representative[7repri5zentEtiv]adj.typicalofaparticulargrouporthing典型的，有代表性的；n.someonewhohasbeenchosentospeak,vote,ormakedecisionsforsomeoneelse代表：salesrepresentative銷(xiāo)售代表；unionrepresentative工會(huì)代表

2city-state（古希臘的）城邦anindependentstatethatconsistsofacityandthesurroundingcountryarea,especiallyinthepast

3feature[5fi:tFE]v.toincludeorshowsomethingasaspecialorimportantpartofsomething包含……（作為主要部分或特點(diǎn)），以……為特色：Thenewspaperfeaturedthestoryoftheevent.這份報(bào)紙?zhí)貏e報(bào)道了那個(gè)事件。

4combat[5kCmbEt]n.fighting,especiallyduringawar戰(zhàn)斗，格斗；vt.totrytostopsomethingbadfromhappeningorgettingworse抗擊，防止：combatcrime防止犯罪；combatterrorism與恐怖主義作斗爭(zhēng)

5chariot[5tFAriEt]n.anancienthorse-drawntwo-wheeledvehicleusedinwar,races,andprocessions.戰(zhàn)車(chē)

6shroud[Fraud]n.somethingthathidesorcoverssomething隱蔽物：underashroudoffog在迷霧的掩護(hù)下；vt.tocoverorhidesomething遮蔽，隱藏：Theincidenthasalwaysbeenshroudedinmystery.那起事故的真相還不清楚。

7myth[miW]n.anancientstory,especiallyoneinventedinordertoexplainnaturalorhistoricalevents神話(huà)，虛構(gòu)的故事

8progenitor[prE5dVenitE]n.someonewhofirstthoughtofanidea先驅(qū)；創(chuàng)始人

9abolish[E5bCliF]vt.toofficiallyendalaw,systemetc,especiallyonethathasexistedforalongtime廢止，廢除（法律、制度、習(xí)俗等）：Thesesuperstitiouspracticesshouldbeabolishedassoonaspossible.這些迷信做法應(yīng)盡早廢除。

10revive[ri5vaiv]vt.tobringsomethingbackafterithasnotbeenusedorhasnotexistedforaperiodoftime使復(fù)興，使恢復(fù)：revivetheeconomy使經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇；revivetheoldcustoms恢復(fù)古老的習(xí)俗

11persist[pE(:)5sist]v.tocontinuetodosomething,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit堅(jiān)持，持續(xù)：persistinlearningEnglish/thestudyofEnglish堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)；persistwithsth.繼續(xù)努力做某事

12oversee[5EuvE5si:]v.towatchsomebody/somethingandmakesurethatajoboranactivityisdonecorrectly監(jiān)督：overseetheimplementationoftheresolution監(jiān)督?jīng)Q議的執(zhí)行

ReadingⅠ

1rugby[5rQ^bI]n.anoutdoorgameplayedbytwoteamswithanegg-shapedballthatyoukickorcarry橄欖球

2tremendous[tri5mendEs]adj.extremelylargeinamount,extent,ordegree;enormous巨大的，極大的

3enthusiasm[in5Wju:ziAzEm]n.greatexcitementfororinterestinasubjectorcause熱情，狂熱，積極性：Hisenthusiasmbreathednewlifeintothecompany.他的熱情給公司注入了新的生命。

4intercollegiate[7intE(:)kE5li:dViit]adj.involvingorrepresentingtwoormorecolleges院際的

5luxurious[lQ^5zjuEriEs]adj.suppliedwithluxuries,verycomfortable奢侈的，極舒適的：liveinluxurioussurroundings生活在奢侈的環(huán)境中

6severe[si5viE]adj.intenselyorextremelybadorunpleasantindegreeorquality嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的：Hiscostlymistakeresultedinsevereloss.他的嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致了重大的損失。

7tremor[5tremE]n.ashakingorvibratingmovement震動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)：Therewasaslighttremorinhisvoice.他的聲音有點(diǎn)顫抖。

8opponent[E5pEunEnt]n.onethatopposesanotherorothersinabattle,contest,controversy,ordebate對(duì)手，反對(duì)者：Hebeathisopponentintheelection.他在選舉中擊敗了對(duì)手。

9reputation[7repju(:)5teiFEn]n.thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic.名聲，聲譽(yù)

10hurl[hE:l]v.tosendwithgreatvigor;thrust用力送出，猛推:Theyoungtrackandfieldathletecouldalreadyhurlthediscus60yards.這個(gè)年輕的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員已能把鐵餅擲60碼遠(yuǎn)。

11fiercely[`fIEslI]adv.inafiercemanner猛烈地，厲害地：Thestormblewfiercelyoverlandandsea.暴風(fēng)雨猛烈地吹過(guò)陸地和海面。

12visor[5vaizE]n.movingpartofahelmet,usedtocoverandprotecttheface面甲，面罩

13pad[pAd]v.tolineorstuffwithsoftmaterial墊以軟物

14naked[5neikid]adj.a)withoutclotheson裸體的；b)withouttheusualcovering沒(méi)有通常的遮蓋物的：anakedlight無(wú)燈罩的電燈；c)notdisguising無(wú)隱蔽的，無(wú)掩飾的：thenakedtruth赤裸裸的現(xiàn)實(shí)

15jersey[5dV\:zI]n.ashirtmadeofsoftmaterial,wornbyplayersofsports運(yùn)動(dòng)衫

16tackle[5tAkl]v.seizeandthrowdownanopponentplayer,whousuallycarriestheball擒住，扭倒

17beaddictedto成為習(xí)慣而離不開(kāi)，對(duì)……有癮：She’saddictedtovideogames,whichmakeshermotherangryattimes.她沉迷于電視游戲機(jī)，有時(shí)會(huì)讓他媽媽生氣。

18craze[kreiz]n.ashort-livedpopularfashion;afad短暫的時(shí)尚，流行一時(shí)的狂熱：Isthisinterestinhealthfoodsjustapassingcraze?這股健康食品熱潮是否轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝？

19wholeheartedly[hEul5hB:tidli]adv.withoutreserve;withoutreservation全心全意地：Asapartymemberonemustservethepeoplewholeheartedly.作為一個(gè)黨員，應(yīng)該全心全意為人民服務(wù)。

20theoffsiderulesillegallyaheadoftheball（足球）越位規(guī)則

21brilliantly[5briljEntli]adj.inanextremelyintelligentway輝煌地，燦爛地：Herarticlebrilliantlydemolisheshisargument.她的文章精辟地批駁了他的論點(diǎn)。

ReadingⅡ

1candybaralong,thin,sweetfood,usuallycoveredinchocolate（通常裹以巧克力的長(zhǎng)條狀）糖塊；糖棒

2markedly[mB:kidli]adv.inaclearlynoticeablemanner顯著地，明顯地：markedlydifferent顯著不同；increasedmarkedly明顯增加

3compensate[5kCmpEnseit]v.tooffset;counterbalance抵消；彌補(bǔ)：Nothingcancompensateforthelossoftime.虛度光陰是無(wú)法補(bǔ)償?shù)摹?/p>

4furious[5fjuEriEs]adj.Fullofextremeanger狂怒的，極為激烈的：befuriouswithsb.對(duì)某人大發(fā)雷霆；befuriousatsth.因某事狂怒不已[擴(kuò)展]furyn.狂怒，狂暴

5readily[5redili]adv.inacooperativemanner;willingly樂(lè)意地，欣然：Iaskedherifshewouldallowmetointerviewher,andshereadilyagreed.我問(wèn)她是否允許我采訪(fǎng)她，她欣然同意了。

6default[di5fC:lt]v.tofailtopaymoneythatyouoweattherighttime拖欠（金錢(qián)）；tonotdosomethingthatyouaresupposedtodo,especiallythatyouarelegallysupposedtodo不履行（義務(wù)）：Theplayerdefaultinthetournamentbecauseofherinjury.在這次循環(huán)賽中，這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員由于受傷而棄權(quán)。

7remedy[5remidi]n.amedicinetocureanillnessorpainthatisnotveryserious藥物，治療法：agoodremedyforacold治療感冒的良藥；vt.todealwithaproblemorimproveabadsituation補(bǔ)救，糾正：remedyamistake糾正一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤

8ineptitude[i5neptitju:d]n.lackofskill不稱(chēng)職；笨拙：Hewasfinallyfiredafterayearofineptitude.他不稱(chēng)職地工作一年后終于被解雇了。

9initiate[i5niFieit]vt.tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin:開(kāi)始，發(fā)起：initiateareform開(kāi)始改革；initiateanewcourseofstudies開(kāi)設(shè)一門(mén)新課程；initiateadiscussiononeconomics發(fā)起一次關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的討論

10diagnosis[7daiE^5nEusis]n.theprocessofdiscoveringexactlywhatiswrongwithsomeoneorsomething診斷[擴(kuò)展]diagnosevi.診斷；判斷

11predominate[pri5dCmineit]vi.tobegreaterinamountornumberthansth./sb.else（在數(shù)量上）占優(yōu)勢(shì)：Inolderagegroupswomenpredominatebecausementendtodieyounger.在年齡較大的人群中，女性占多數(shù)，因?yàn)槟行缘膲勖鼉A向于短些。

12intramural[7intrE5mjuErEl]adj.existingorcarriedonwithintheboundsofaninstitution,especiallyaschool校內(nèi)的；內(nèi)部的：intramuralsports校內(nèi)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)

13incompetent[in5kCmpitEnt]adj.nothavingtheabilityorskilltodoajobproperly不合格的，不勝任的：anincompetentcandidate不合格的候選人

14sideline[5saidlain]n.alinealongeitherofthetwosidesofaplayingcourtorfield,markingitslimits邊界線(xiàn)；anactivitypursuedinadditiontoone’sregularoccupation.副業(yè)，兼職

15allegedly[E5ledVIdlI]adv.usedwhenreportingsomethingthatpeoplesayistrue,althoughithasnotbeenproved據(jù)稱(chēng)；據(jù)說(shuō)如此：Thetrafficaccidentwasallegedlyduetonegligence.這次車(chē)禍據(jù)說(shuō)是由于疏忽造成的。

16whimsical[5(h)wimzikEl]adj.unusualorstrangeandoftenamusing古怪的；異想天開(kāi)的：awhimsicalthought一個(gè)荒唐的想法

17tingle[5tiN^l]vi.asensationofslightstinging略微的刺痛感

18articulate[B:5tikjulit]adj.abletotalkeasilyandeffectivelyaboutthings,especiallydifficultsubjects善表達(dá)的：anarticulateargument清楚有力的論點(diǎn)；anarticulatespeaker口才好的演講者

19sympathetic[7simpE5Wetik]adj.caringandfeelingsorryaboutsomeone’sproblems有同情心的：asympatheticperson富于同情心的