2024年心理學(xué)研究方法考研題庫【考研真題精選＋章節(jié)題庫】

絎竴閮ㄥ垎銆€鑰冪爺鐪熼綺鵑€?/a>涓€銆佸崟欏歸€夋嫨棰?/a>1鍦ㄤ弗鏍兼帶鍒剁殑鏉′歡涓嬶紝鐢╢MRI鎶€鏈爺絀朵笉鍚屼換鍔″紩璧風(fēng)殑澶ц剳鐨眰嬋€媧葷姸鎬佺殑鍙樺寲錛岃鐮旂┒鏂規(guī)硶灞炰簬錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庢祴楠屾硶B錛庤瀵熸硶C錛庤皟鏌ユ硶D錛庡疄楠屾硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>A欏癸紝嫻嬮獙娉曟槸鎸囪繍鐢ㄦ爣鍑嗗寲嫻嬮獙宸ュ叿錛堥棶鍗楓€侀噺琛級搴﹂噺琚瘯瀵規(guī)煇涓€浜嬬墿鎴栨儏澧冪殑鍙嶅簲宸紓鐨勭爺絀舵柟娉曘€侭欏癸紝瑙傚療娉曟槸鎸囧湪鑷劧鎯呭涓浜虹殑蹇冪悊鐜拌薄鍜岃涓烘湁緋葷粺銆佹湁璁″垝鍦拌瀵熻褰曪紝鍒嗘瀽鍚庤幏寰楀績鐞嗘椿鍔ㄤ駭鐢熷拰鍙戝睍瑙勫緥鐨勭爺絀舵柟娉曘€侰欏癸紝璋冩煡娉曟槸鎸囪璋冩煡鑰呭氨鏌愪竴闂鑷敱琛ㄨ揪鎰忚鎴栨€佸害錛屽垎鏋愮兢浣撳績鐞嗗€懼悜鐨勭爺絀舵柟娉曘€侱欏癸紝瀹為獙娉曟槸鎸囨湁璁″垝銆佹湁鐩殑鍦版帶鍒舵潯浠訛紝浣胯璇曚駭鐢熸煇縐嶅績鐞嗘椿鍔ㄥ茍榪涜鍒嗘瀽鐮旂┒鐨勬柟娉曘€傞騫蹭腑錛屸€滃湪涓ユ牸鎺у埗鐨勬潯浠朵笅鈥濊鏄庤鐮旂┒鏂規(guī)硶灞炰簬瀹為獙娉曘€?/p>2鎻愬嚭鈥滃鐢熸帉鎻″縐戝熀鏈粨鏋勬渶濂芥柟娉曟槸鍙戠幇娉曗€濈殑蹇冪悊瀛﹀鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庣淮鏋滄柉鍩?/p>B錛庣毊浜氭澃C錛庢浠ｅ厠D錛庡竷椴佺撼銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>甯冮瞾綰蟲槸緹庡浗钁楀悕鐨勮鐭ユ暀鑲插績鐞嗗瀹訛紝浠栧弽瀵逛互寮哄寲涓轟富鐨勭▼搴忔暀瀛︺€傚竷椴佺撼涓誨紶瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勭洰鐨勫湪浜庝互鍙戠幇瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勬柟寮忥紝浣垮縐戠殑鍩烘湰緇撴瀯杞彉涓哄鐢熷ご鑴戜腑鐨勮鐭ョ粨鏋勩€?/p>3鍦ㄤ俊鍙鋒嫻嬭瀹為獙涓紝姣忔鍚戣璇曟彁渚?锝?涓埡嬋€錛屽彧鏈変竴涓槸淇″彿錛屽叾浣欏潎鏄櫔闊籌紝璁╄璇曟姤鍛婂摢涓€涓槸淇″彿錛岄€氳繃媯€嫻嬫鏁板拰琚瘯絳斿嬈℃暟璁＄畻琚瘯鍒ゆ柇鍔涖€傞噰鐢ㄧ殑鏂規(guī)硶鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庤揩閫夋硶B錛庢湁鏃犳硶C錛庤瘎浠鋒硶D錛庡垎孌墊硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>榪€夋硶鍦ㄨ璇曞垽鏂箣鍓嶏紝淇″彿鍜屽櫔闊寵嚦灝戣榪炵畫鍛堢幇涓ゆ錛屽湪涓ゆ鎴栧嬈″憟鐜扮殑鍒烘縺涓彧鏈変竴嬈″嚭鐜頒俊鍙楓€?/p>4娌冨拰璇哄皵鏇煎湪鎺㈢┒鐭椂璁板繂涓俊鎭仐蹇樻槸鍚﹀彈鍒頒簡騫叉壈錛岄€氳繃鏀瑰彉闂撮殧鏃墮棿鍜岄棿闅旀暟瀛楋紝灝嗏€滄秷閫€鈥濆拰鈥滃共鎵扳€濊繖涓や釜鍥犵礌鍒嗙寮€鏉ャ€傝繖縐嶆柟娉曞睘浜庯紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?022騫寸爺]A錛庤妭鐪佹硶B錛庨噸瀛︽硶C錛庢彁紺烘硶D錛庢帰嫻嬫硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鍏充簬瀵艱嚧鐭椂璁板繂閬楀繕鐨勫師鍥狅紝涓€縐嶈鐐硅涓虹煭鏃惰蹇嗙殑閬楀繕鏄敱浜庝俊鎭棔榪圭殑鑷劧娑堥€€錛屽彟涓€縐嶈鐐瑰垯璁や負閬楀繕鏄敱浜庣煭鏃惰蹇嗕腑鐨勪俊鎭彈鍒板叾浠栨棤鍏充俊鎭殑騫叉壈銆傜敱浜庡姞鍏ュ共鎵頒俊鎭渶瑕佹椂闂達紝鑰屽湪鍥炲繂鍓嶅嵆浣夸笉榪涜棰濆浣滀笟涔熼毦浠ュ畬鍏ㄦ帓闄ゅ唴澶栧洜绱犵殑騫叉壈錛屽洜姝ゅ垎紱昏繖涓や釜鍥犵礌鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸闈炲父鍥伴毦鐨勩€傛矁鍜岃灝?dāng)鏇煎Q圵augh&Norman錛?965錛夎璁″嚭涓€涓潪甯稿閥濡欑殑瀹為獙錛屼紒鍥懼皢綰犵紶鍦ㄤ竴璧風(fēng)殑榪欎袱涓洜绱犲垎寮€鏉ャ€傝繖縐嶆柊鐨勬柟娉曠О涓烘帰嫻嬫硶銆備粬浠琚瘯鍚敱鑻ュ共涓暟瀛楃粍鎴愮殑鏁板瓧搴忓垪錛屽湪鏁板瓧搴忓垪鍛堢幇瀹屾瘯鍚庯紝浼撮殢鐫€涓€涓０闊充俊鍙峰憟鐜頒竴涓帰嫻嬫暟瀛楋紝榪欎釜鎺㈡祴鏁板瓧鏇劇粡鍦ㄥ墠闈㈠嚭鐜拌繃涓€嬈°€傝璇曠殑浠誨姟灝辨槸鍥炲繂鍦ㄦ帰嫻嬫暟瀛楀悗杈規(guī)槸浠€涔堟暟瀛椼€傚湪瀹為獙涓紝浠栦滑閲囩敤浜嗕袱縐嶉€熷害鏉ュ憟鐜版暟瀛楋紝涓€縐嶆槸蹇€熺殑錛屼負姣忕4涓紝涓€縐嶆槸鎱㈤€熺殑錛屼負姣忕1涓€傝繖鏍鳳紝灝卞彲浠ュ湪闂撮殧鏁板瓧涓嶅彉鐨勬儏鍐典笅鏀瑰彉闂撮殧鏃墮棿錛屼粠鑰屼嬌鏃墮棿鍜屽共鎵頒俊鎭繖涓ょ鍥犵礌鍒嗙寮€鏉ャ€傜粨鏋滃彂鐜幫紝鍦ㄥ揩銆佹參涓ょ鍛堢幇閫熷害涓嬶紝琚瘯鐨勫洖蹇嗘紜巼閮介殢闂撮殧鏁板瓧鐨勫鍔犺€屽噺灝戯紝騫朵笖涓嶅彈闂撮殧鏃墮棿鐨勫獎鍝嶃€傝繖璇存槑鐭椂璁板繂鐨勯仐蹇樻槸鐢卞共鎵板紩璧風(fēng)殑銆?/p>5娌冩．鐨勶紙Watson錛夌殑鈥滃洓鍗＄墖閫夋嫨浣滀笟鈥濋€氬父鐢ㄦ潵鐮旂┒錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛庢皵姘涙晥搴?/p>B錛庤瘉瀹炲€懼悜C錛庢蹇靛艦鎴?/p>D錛庨棶棰樿В鍐崇瓥鐣?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鍦ㄦ潯浠舵帹鐞嗕腑錛屼漢浠€懼悜浜庤瘉瀹炴煇縐嶅亣璁炬垨瑙勫垯錛岃€屽緢灝戣瘉浼畠浠紝榪欑鐜拌薄縐頒負璇佸疄鍊懼悜銆傛矁媯€氳繃鈥滃洓鍗＄墖閫夋嫨浣滀笟鈥濈殑瀹為獙璇存槑錛屽湪媯€楠岃鍒欐垨鍋囪鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛岃璇曟湁涓€縐嶅己鐑堢殑瀵硅鍒欑殑璇佸疄鍊懼悜銆?/p>6鐮旂┒鐭ヨ鏁翠綋浼樺厛鐜拌薄鐨勫疄楠岃寖寮忔槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛庡鍚堝埡嬋€鍥懼艦鑼冨紡B錛庡弻鑰沖垎鍚寖寮?/p>C錛庡姞宸ュ垎紱昏寖寮?/p>D錛庢彁紺烘悳绱㈣寖寮?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>綰沖啹錛圢avon錛?977錛夊湪涓€欏瑰疄楠屼腑瑕佹眰琚瘯鎶ュ憡鎵€鐪嬪埌鐨勫瓧姣嶆槸H榪樻槸S錛屼綔涓哄垽鏂洰鏍囩殑瀛楁瘝鏈夋椂鏄ぇ瀛楁瘝鏈夋椂鍒欐槸灝忓瓧姣嶃€傜粨鏋滃彂鐜幫紝澶у皬瀛楁瘝鏄惁鐩稿悓榪欎釜鍥犵礌錛屼笉褰卞搷琚瘯瀵瑰ぇ瀛楁瘝鐨勫垽鏂椂闂達紝浣嗗ぇ灝忓瓧姣嶄笉鍚屾椂琚瘯瀵瑰皬瀛楁瘝鐨勫垽鏂椂闂存樉钁楀鍔犮€傝繖浜涘彂鐜拌〃鏄庤瑙夊姞宸ョ敱鏁翠綋寮€濮嬶紝鐒跺悗杞悜閮ㄥ垎錛屽強鐭ヨ榪囩▼涓瓨鍦ㄦ暣浣撲紭鍏堟晥搴旓紙鏁翠綋澶т簬閮ㄥ垎涔嬪拰錛夈€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€堿銆?/p>7閫氬父鐢ㄦ潵嫻嬮噺绔嬩綋鐭ヨ鐨勪華鍣ㄦ槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛庝節(jié)媧炰華B錛庡姩鏅洏C錛庢販鑹茶疆D錛庣珛浣撻暅銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鐢辯珛浣撶殑涓嶅悓閮ㄥ垎鎶曞皠鍒板弻鐪艱緗戣啘鐨勮鍍忓樊褰㈡垚鐨勬繁搴︾煡瑙夌О涓鴻瑙夋繁搴︾煡瑙夈€傛渶鍒濈殑绔嬩綋瑙傚療鍣ㄥ彨浣滅珛浣撹闀滐紝鏄?838騫寸敱鑻卞浗鐗╃悊瀛﹀CharlesWhetone璁捐鐨勩€備粬璁や負濡傛灉緇欎袱鍙溂鐫涘垎鍒憟鐜板叿鏈夊井灝忓樊寮傜殑涓ゅ箙鐩鎬技鍥劇墖錛屽嵆绔嬩綋鍥炬椂錛屽氨鑳戒駭鐢熶漢涓虹殑娣卞害鐭ヨ銆?/p>8鑰冨療涓嶅悓鎬у埆澶у鐢熺敓婧愬湴鐨勪漢鏁板垎甯冩槸鍚︽湁宸紓錛屽簲璇ラ€夌敤鍝緇熻鏂規(guī)硶錛燂紙銆€銆€錛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?021騫寸爺]A錛嶼媯€楠?/p>B錛巘媯€楠?/p>C錛庡崱鏂規(guī)楠?/p>D錛嶧媯€楠?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鏍規(guī)嵁棰樺共鍙煡錛岃鐮旂┒娑夊強涓や釜鍙橀噺錛屽垎鍒槸鎬у埆鍜岀敓婧愬湴錛屾€у埆鏄簩鍒嗙殑綾誨埆鍙橀噺錛岀敓婧愬湴鏄簩鍒嗘垨澶氬垎鐨勭被鍒彉閲忥紝鍥犳鍙互閫夌敤鍗℃柟媯€楠屼腑鐨勭嫭绔嬫楠屻€傚洜姝ょ瓟妗堥€塁銆?/p>9涓轟簡鎺㈣灝忓鐢熺殑瀛︿範(fàn)鍔ㄦ満錛岀爺絀惰€呰璁′竴浜涢棶棰樼粍鎴愰棶鍗鳳紝瑕佹眰涓嶅悓騫寸駭鐨勫鐢熷洖絳旓紝鐒跺悗瀵瑰叾緇撴灉榪涜鍒嗘瀽錛岃繖縐嶇爺絀舵柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?020騫寸爺]A錛庡疄楠屾硶B錛庤瀵熸硶C錛庝釜妗堟硶D錛庤皟鏌ユ硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>璋冩煡娉曞氨鏌愪竴闂錛岀敤鍙ｅご鎴栦功闈㈢殑褰㈠紡鍚戣璋冩煡鑰呮彁闂紝閫氳繃瀵逛粬鐨勫洖絳旇繘琛屽垎鏋愭潵浜嗚В浠栫殑蹇冪悊媧誨姩鐨勬柟娉曘€傝皟鏌ユ硶鍖呮嫭璁胯皥娉曞拰闂嵎娉曪紝棰樺共鎵€榪版柟娉曞嵆璋冩煡娉曚腑鐨勯棶鍗鋒硶銆?/p>10鍚戣璇曞嬈″憟鐜板嚑涓浐瀹氱殑鍒烘縺錛岀劧鍚庤褰曞悇涓埡嬋€寮曡搗鐨勭浉搴斿弽搴旂殑嬈℃暟錛屼互嫻嬪畾鎰熻闃堥檺銆傝繖縐嶆柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?020騫寸爺]A錛庢瀬闄愭硶B錛庢亽瀹氬埡嬋€娉?/p>C錛庡鉤鍧囧樊璇硶D錛庝俊鍙鋒嫻嬫硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>嫻嬮噺鎰熻闃堥檺鐨勫熀鏈柟娉曟湁鏋侀檺娉曘€佸鉤鍧囧樊璇硶鍜屾亽瀹氬埡嬋€娉曘€傛瀬闄愭硶鐨勫埡嬋€鐢遍€掑噺鍜岄€掑鐨勪袱涓郴鍒楃粍鎴愶紝姣忔鍛堢幇鍒烘縺鍚庤琚瘯鎶ュ憡鏄惁鏈夋劅瑙夈€傛亽瀹氬埡嬋€娉曟槸浠ョ浉鍚岀殑嬈℃暟鍛堢幇灝戞暟鍑犱釜鎭掑畾鐨勫埡嬋€錛岄€氳繃琚瘯瑙夊療鍒版瘡涓埡嬋€鐨勬鏁版潵紜畾闃堥檺銆傚鉤鍧囧樊璇硶鏄疄楠岃€呰瀹氫互鏌愪竴鍒烘縺涓烘爣鍑嗗埡嬋€錛岀劧鍚庤姹傝璇曡皟鑺傚彟涓€姣旇緝鍒烘縺錛屼嬌鍚庤€呭湪鎰熻涓婁笌鏍囧噯鍒烘縺鐩哥瓑銆傛棤淇″彿媯€嫻嬫硶銆?/p>11鏌愮數(shù)瑙嗗彴瑕佸8鏉″箍鍛婄殑鍙楁榪庣▼搴﹁繘琛岃瘎浼幫紝璇?0鍚嶈瘎鍒よ€呭榪?鏉″箍鍛婃寜鈥滃枩嬈⑩€濇帓搴忋€傝繖縐嶆柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?020騫寸爺]A錛庡鍋舵瘮杈冩硶B錛庢劅瑙夌瓑璺濇硶C錛庣瓑綰ф帓鍒楁硶D錛庢暟閲忎及璁℃硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>絳夌駭鎺掑垪娉曟槸鎶婅澶氬埡嬋€鍚屾椂鍛堢幇錛岃璁稿琚瘯鎸夌収涓€瀹氭爣鍑嗭紝鎶婅繖浜涘埡嬋€鎺掓垚涓€涓『搴忥紝鐒跺悗鎶婅澶氫漢瀵瑰悓涓€鍒烘縺璇勫畾鐨勭瓑綰у姞浠ュ鉤鍧囥€傚鍋舵瘮杈冩硶鏄妸鎵€鏈夎姣旇緝鐨勫埡嬋€閰嶆垚瀵癸紝鐒跺悗涓€瀵逛竴瀵瑰湴鍛堢幇錛岃琚瘯鑰呬緷鎹埡嬋€鐨勬煇涓€鐗規(guī)€ц繘琛屾瘮杈冿紝騫跺垽鏂繖縐嶇壒鎬у湪鍝竴涓埡嬋€涓婅〃鐜板緱鏇翠負紿佸嚭銆傛劅瑙夌瓑璺濇硶鏄埗浣滅瓑璺濋噺琛ㄧ殑鐩存帴鏂規(guī)硶錛岃姹傝璇曞皢鏌愮蹇冪悊緇村害涓婄殑涓€孌佃窛紱誨垎鎴愪袱涓垨涓や釜浠ヤ笂鐨勭瓑鍒嗭紝鍐嶇畻鍑哄浜哄嬈″垝鍒嗙粨鏋滅殑騫沖潎鍊箋€傛暟閲忎及璁℃硶鏄埗浣滄劅瑙夋瘮渚嬮噺琛ㄧ殑涓€縐嶆柟娉曪紝鍏蜂綋鍋氭硶鏄紝涓昏瘯鍦ㄧ粰瀹氱殑鍒烘縺緋誨垪涓‘瀹氫竴涓埡嬋€寮哄害浣滀負鏍囧噯鍒烘縺錛屽茍瑙勫畾涓€涓暟瀛椾綔涓哄畠鐨勬劅瑙夐噺銆傜劧鍚庤姹傝璇曟妸鍚岀被鐨勩€佸己搴︿笉鍚岀殑涓€浜涘埡嬋€錛屽垎鍒笌鏍囧噯鍒烘縺姣旇緝錛屽茍浼拌姣忎釜鍒烘縺寮曡搗鐨勬劅瑙夐噺鏄爣鍑嗗埡嬋€鎵€寮曡搗鐨勬劅瑙夐噺鐨勫嚑鍊嶆垨鍑犲垎涔嬪嚑錛屼篃鐢ㄦ暟瀛楄〃紺鴻繖縐嶆瘮渚嬪叧緋匯€?/p>12DRM錛圖eese-Roediger-McDermott錛夎寖寮忎富瑕佺敤鏉ョ爺絀訛紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?020騫寸爺]A錛庨敊璇蹇?/p>B錛庡唴闅愯蹇?/p>C錛庡墠鐬昏蹇?/p>D錛庡洖婧蹇?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>DRM鑼冨紡涓昏鐢ㄦ潵鐮旂┒閿欒璁板繂錛岄敊璇蹇嗘槸鎸囬敊璇湴澹版槑涓€涓互鍓嶆湭鍛堢幇榪囩殑璇嶆垨浠庢湭鍙戠敓榪囩殑浜嬫浘緇忓憟鐜版垨鍙戠敓銆侱RM鑼冨紡鍚戣璇曞憟鐜板涓涔?fàn)璇嶈〖屾瘡涓瘝琛ㄧ斪兏€涓湭鍛堢幇鐨勭洰鏍囪瘝錛堜篃縐板叧閿楗碉紝濡傚瘨鍐鳳級鍜屼笌瀹冪浉鑱旂郴鐨?5涓涔?fàn)椤圭浖堝鍐ぉ銆佸啺闆€佹劅鍐掋€佸彂鎶栵級緇勬垚銆傜劧鍚庡湪嫻嬮獙闃舵璁╄璇曞鍛堢幇榪囩殑璇嶈繘琛岃嚜鐢卞洖蹇嗗拰鍐嶈銆傜粨鏋滃彂鐜幫紝鍦ㄥ洖蹇嗗拰鍐嶈嫻嬮獙涓璇曞皢鏈憟鐜拌繃鐨勫叧閿楗佃瘑鍒負鈥滃憟鐜拌繃鐨勨€濈殑姣旂巼錛堝嵆铏氭姤鐜囷級鎺ヨ繎閭ｄ簺瀹為檯鍛堢幇榪囩殑璇嶇殑鍑諱腑鐜囷紙鍗崇湡瀹炶蹇嗭級錛岃繖灝辮〃鏄庨敊璇蹇嗗彂鐢熶簡銆?/p>13鐩存帴浣跨敤鎶界娉曚粠鎬諱綋涓娊鍙栦竴閮ㄥ垎涓綋緇勬垚鐮旂┒鏍鋒湰鐨勬柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?020騫寸爺]A錛庣畝鍗曢殢鏈烘娊鏍?/p>B錛庡垎灞傛娊鏍?/p>C錛庡垎闃舵鎶芥牱D錛庣瓑璺濇娊鏍?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>綆€鍗曢殢鏈烘娊鏍峰氨鏄粠鎬諱綋N涓崟浣嶄腑浠繪剰鎶藉彇n涓崟浣嶄綔涓烘牱鏈紝浣挎瘡涓彲鑳界殑鏍鋒湰琚娊涓殑姒傜巼鐩哥瓑鐨勪竴縐嶆娊鏍鋒柟寮忥紝鎶界娉曘€侀殢鏈烘暟瀛﹁〃娉曢兘鏄畝鍗曢殢鏈烘娊鏍楓€?/p>14渚濇嵁璐瑰笇綰沖畾寰嬪埗瀹氱殑蹇冪悊閲忚〃錛岄噰鐢ㄧ殑鏂規(guī)硶鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庢暟閲忎及璁℃硶B錛庣粷瀵歸槇闄愭硶C錛庡樊鍒槇闄愭硶D錛庝俊鍙鋒嫻嬫硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>宸埆闃堥檺娉曚互緇濆闃堥檺涓鴻搗鐐癸紝浠ユ渶灝忓彲瑙夊樊涓烘渶灝忓崟浣嶅埗浣滃績鐞嗛噺琛ㄣ€傞煢浼畾寰嬪拰璐瑰笇綰沖畾寰嬮兘鏄繍鐢ㄨ繖縐嶆柟娉曞埗浣滅殑蹇冪悊閲忚〃銆傚埗浣滃樊鍒槇闄愰噺琛ㄩ鍏堣鐭ラ亾鏌愪竴鐗╃悊閲忕殑闊︿集甯告暟銆傝垂甯岀撼浠ラ煢浼畾寰嬩負鍩虹錛屽湪鎺㈣鍒烘縺寮哄害涓庢劅瑙夊己搴︾殑鍏崇郴鏃訛紝鍋囧畾鏈€灝忓彲瑙夊樊鍦ㄤ富瑙備笂閮界浉絳夈€傛牴鎹樊鍒槇闄愭硶鍒朵綔蹇冪悊閲忚〃錛屾彁鍑轟簡璐瑰笇綰沖畾寰嬨€?/p>15鐢ㄦ潵鐮旂┒鐭ヨ鎷撴墤涓嶅彉鎬у拰浼煎姩鐜拌薄鍏崇郴鐨勮寖寮忔槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庤繍鍔ㄧ珵浜夎寖寮?/p>B錛庝腑澶嚎绱㈣寖寮?/p>C錛庣偣鎺㈡祴鑼冨紡D錛庡仠姝俊鍙瘋寖寮?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>榪愬姩绔炰簤鑼冨紡錛屼篃縐板弻鐪肩珵浜夎寖寮忥紝鏄瑙傛亽瀹氱殑鐗╃悊鍒烘縺涓庝富瑙備笉鏂氦鏇跨殑鐭ヨ浣撻獙鐩稿垎紱葷殑涓€縐嶈瑙夌敓鐞嗙幇璞★紝鍙互鐢ㄦ潵鐮旂┒鐭ヨ鎷撴墤涓嶅彉鎬у拰浼煎姩鐜拌薄鍏崇郴銆?/p>16甯哥敤鏉ュ厠鏈嶅畨鎱板墏鏁堝簲鐨勬柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛嶢BBA娉?/p>B錛庣‘淇濅富璇曚笉鐭ラ亾瀹為獙鐩殑C錛庢亽瀹氭硶D錛庢帶鍒剁粍鎺ュ彈铏氬亣瀹為獙澶勭悊銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>A欏癸紝ABBA娉曞彲浠ュ鉤琛″疄楠屽鐞嗛『搴忋€侭欏癸紝紜繚涓昏瘯涓嶇煡閬撳疄楠岀洰鐨勫彲浠ユ帶鍒跺疄楠岃€呮晥搴斻€侰欏癸紝鎭掑畾娉曟槸鎺у埗棰濆鍙橀噺浣垮叾淇濇寔涓嶅彉鐨勬柟娉曘€侱欏癸紝璁╁鐓х粍鎺ュ彈铏氬亣鐨勫疄楠屽鐞嗭紝鑰冩煡瀹夋叞鍓傛晥搴旂殑澶у皬錛岀劧鍚庝粠瀹為獙緇勭殑嫻嬮噺緇撴灉鍑忓幓瀹夋叞鍓傛晥搴旂殑閲忥紝灝卞彲浠ュ緱鍒扮湡姝ｇ殑瀹為獙澶勭悊閲忋€?/p>17涓嬪垪閫夐」涓紝灞炰簬鎯呯華涓昏浣撻獙嫻嬭瘎鏂規(guī)硶鐨勬槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庢儏緇渾褰㈤噺琛?/p>B錛庡垎鍖栨儏緇噺琛?/p>C錛庨潰閮ㄥ姩浣滅紪鐮佺郴緇?/p>D錛庢儏緇殑涓夌淮妯″紡鍥?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鎯呯華涓昏浣撻獙嫻嬭瘎鏂規(guī)硶涓昏鍖呮嫭褰㈠璇嶆琛ㄣ€佺淮搴︾瓑綰ч噺琛ㄣ€佸垎鍖栨儏緇噺琛ㄥ拰鏃墮棿鎶芥牱鎶€鏈€?/p>18鍏堝悜琚瘯鍛堢幇鏈変竴瀹氭搴忔垨浣嶇疆鐨勫埡嬋€緋誨垪錛岀劧鍚庡埡嬋€緋誨垪鎵撲貢錛岃姹傝璇曟寜鐓у埡嬋€鍛堢幇鐨勬搴忔垨浣嶇疆澶嶅師銆傝繖縐嶇爺絀惰蹇嗙殑鏂規(guī)硶灞炰簬錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?019騫寸爺]A錛庡洖蹇嗘硶B錛庡啀璁ゆ硶C錛庡啀瀛︽硶D錛庨噸寤烘硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>A欏癸紝鍥炲繂娉曟槸鎸囧鐢熷皢宸插榪囩殑鏌愪竴鐭ヨ瘑鍦ㄥご鑴戜腑榪涜鍥炲繂銆侭欏癸紝鍐嶈娉曟槸鎸囨妸璇嗚榪囩殑鏉愭枡錛堟棫鏉愭枡錛変笌鏈瘑璁拌繃鐨勬潗鏂欙紙鏂版潗鏂欙級娣峰悎鍦ㄤ竴璧鳳紝瑕佹眰琚瘯鍖哄垎錛屽鍓嶈€呬綔鑲畾鍒ゆ柇錛屽鍚庤€呬綔鍚﹀畾鍒ゆ柇錛屽皢璁ゅ鏃ф潗鏂欑殑鐧懼垎姣斿噺鍘昏閿欐柊鏉愭枡鐨勭櫨鍒嗘瘮錛屽嵆涓哄啀璁や繚鎸侀噺銆侰欏癸紝鍐嶅娉曟槸寰峰浗蹇冪悊瀛﹀鑹懼嫻╂柉鍒涘埗鐨勪竴縐嶈蹇嗕繚鎸侀噺嫻嬮噺瀹為獙鏂規(guī)硶銆傚叿浣撳仛娉曪細瀛︿範(fàn)鏉愭枡錛堝鏃犳剰涔夐煶鑺傦級鍒版伆濂借兘鑳岃鐨勭▼搴︼紝鍋滄瀛︿範(fàn)騫惰涓嬫墍鐢ㄧ殑鏃墮棿錛岄棿闅斾竴孌墊椂闂村悗鍐嶉噸鏂板涔?fàn)鍚屾狅L(fēng)殑鏉愭枡錛屽悓鏍瘋揪鍒板垵嬈″涔?fàn)鏃惰兘鑳岃姎劷E嬪害錛岃涓嬫墍鐢ㄧ殑鏃墮棿銆傛瘮杈冧袱嬈″涔?fàn)鎵€鐢ㄧ殑鏃墮棿錛堟垨瀛︿範(fàn)嬈℃暟錛夛紝灝卞彲寰楀埌涓€涓粷瀵硅妭鐪佸€箋€侱欏癸紝閲嶅緩娉曡姹傝璇曟妸鍒氬垰鍛堢幇榪囩殑鍒烘縺鎸夊師嬈″簭鎺掑垪銆?/p>19鍦ㄨ蹇嗙爺絀朵腑錛屼負浜嗛槻姝㈠榪頒駭鐢熶綔鐢紝閫氬父閲囩敤鐨勬帶鍒舵柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛嶥onders鍑忓洜绱犳硶B錛嶦bbinghaus鑺傜渷娉?/p>C錛嶴ternberg鍔犲洜绱犳硶D錛嶱eterson-Peterson鍒嗗績娉?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鐨壒媯瓑浜哄湪瀹為獙涓紝瑕佹眰琚瘯璁頒綇浠ュ惉瑙夊艦寮忓憟鐜扮殑3涓瓧姣嶏紝涓轟簡闃繪琚瘯榪涜澶嶈堪錛屽湪鍛堢幇瀛楁瘝涔嬪悗椹笂璁╄璇曞涓€涓暟瀛楄繘琛岃繛鍑?鐨勮綆楋紝鐩村埌涓昏瘯鍙戝嚭淇″彿鍐嶅洖蹇嗗垰鎵嶅憟鐜扮殑3涓瓧姣嶃€傜毊鐗規(guī)．澶鐢ㄥ竷鏈?鐨壒媯妧鏈紙鍙堢ОPeterson-Peterson鎶€鏈級闃叉琚瘯榪涜澶嶈堪銆?/p>20涓鴻€冨療姹夊瓧瀛楅錛堥珮棰戙€佷綆棰戯級涓庡０鏃佽鍒欐€э紙瑙勫垯銆佷笉瑙勫垯錛夊姹夊瓧闃呰鐨勫獎鍝嶏紝鐮旂┒鑰呭皢50鍚嶈璇曢殢鏈哄垎涓轟袱緇勶紝姣忕粍25鍚嶏紝涓€緇勬棦闃呰楂橀-瑙勫垯瀛楋紝涔熼槄璇婚珮棰?涓嶈鍒欏瓧錛涘彟涓€緇勬棦闃呰浣庨-瑙勫垯瀛楋紝涔熼槄璇諱綆棰?涓嶈鍒欏瓧銆傝瀹為獙涓殑澹版梺瑙勫垯鎬у睘浜庯紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庤璇曞唴鍙橀噺B錛庤璇曢棿鍙橀噺C錛庨澶栧彉閲?/p>D錛庢棤鍏沖彉閲?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>璇ュ疄楠岃璁＄被鍨嬩負2脳2鐨勬販鍚堣璁★紝琚瘯鍐呭彉閲忎負澹版梺瑙勫垯鎬э紝琚瘯闂村彉閲忎負姹夊瓧瀛楅銆?/p>21鐢ㄧ粡鍏稿績鐞嗙墿鐞嗗鏂規(guī)硶嫻嬪畾鎰熻闃堥檺瀹規(guī)槗浜х敓搴忓垪鏁堝簲錛屼負浜嗘帶鍒惰繖縐嶆晥搴旓紝閫氬父閲囩敤鐨勬柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庢亽瀹氭硶B錛庢秷闄ゆ硶C錛庡尮閰嶆硶D錛嶢BBA娉?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>A欏癸紝鎭掑畾娉曟槸鎸囦嬌棰濆鍙橀噺鍦ㄥ疄楠岃繃紼嬩腑淇濇寔鎭掑畾涓嶅彉銆侭欏癸紝娑堥櫎娉曟槸鎸囨秷闄ら澶栧彉閲忋€侰欏癸紝鍖歸厤娉曟槸浣挎祴楠屽垎緇勭瓑緇勭殑鏂規(guī)硶銆侱欏癸紝ABBA鏂規(guī)硶鍙互騫寵緋誨垪鏁堝簲銆?/p>22鍦ㄤ竴欏硅€冨療鍒濅腑鐢熻嫳璇涔?fàn)鏁堟灉鐨勭爺绌朵讣岄噰鐢ㄧ殑鏁欏鏂规硶鏈夎囪緟邋紡鍜屽悘戝紡锛屼娇鐢ㄧ殑鑻辫瘯欐潗鏈堿銆丅銆丆涓変釜鐗堟湰銆傝瀹為獙璁捐鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庝簩鍥犵礌瀹為獙璁捐B錛庝笁鍥犵礌瀹為獙璁捐C錛庝簲鍥犵礌瀹為獙璁捐D錛庡叚鍥犵礌瀹為獙璁捐銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>瀹為獙璁捐涓?脳3璁捐錛屾湁涓や釜鑷彉閲忥細鏁欏鏂規(guī)硶銆佹暀鏉愮増鏈€?/p>23渚濇嵁APA鐨勫績鐞嗗璁烘枃鍐欎綔瑙勮寖錛屼笅鍒楀弬鑰冩枃鐚功鍐欐牸寮忔紜殑鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>渚濇嵁APA鐨勫績鐞嗗璁烘枃鍐欎綔瑙勮寖錛屽弬鑰冩枃鐚功鍐欐牸寮忓簲璇ユ槸錛氣€滀綔鑰咃紙騫翠喚錛?鏂囩珷鍚嶇О.鏈熷垔鍚嶇О錛堢敾涓婂簳綰挎垨浠ユ枩浣撳尯鍒?spanclass="TextUnderLine">錛?/span>錛屾湡鍙鳳紝欏電爜錛堣搗璁〉鏁幫級.鈥濄€?/p>24濡傛灉瀹為獙鍑虹幇浜嗚嚜鍙橀噺鐨勬販娣嗭紝鐩存帴鍙楀埌褰卞搷鐨勭爺絀舵晥搴︽槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庡唴閮ㄦ晥搴?/p>B錛庡閮ㄦ晥搴?/p>C錛庣粨鏋勬晥搴?/p>D錛庣粺璁℃晥搴?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>A欏癸紝鍐呴儴鏁堝害鏄寚瀹為獙涓殑鑷彉閲忎笌鍥犲彉閲忎箣闂村洜鏋滃叧緋葷殑鏄庣‘紼嬪害錛屽嵆鏄嚜鍙橀噺鑰屼笉鏄叾浠栧洜绱犲紩璧蜂簡鍥犲彉閲忕殑鍙樺寲錛岄偅涔堣繖涓疄楠屽氨鍏鋒湁杈冮珮鐨勫唴閮ㄦ晥搴︺€傛墍浠ワ紝鍐呴儴鏁堝害涓庢棤鍏沖彉閲忕殑鎺у埗鏈夊叧銆侭欏癸紝澶栭儴鏁堝害鏄寚瀹為獙緇撹鐨勬帹騫跨▼搴︼紝瀹為獙涓帶鍒跺彉閲忚秺澶氾紝涓€鑸閮ㄦ晥搴﹁秺宸€(wěn)侰欏癸紝緇撴瀯鏁堝害鏄寚涓€涓祴楠屽疄闄呮祴鍒版墍瑕佹祴閲忕殑鐞嗚緇撴瀯鍜岀壒璐ㄧ殑紼嬪害銆侱欏癸紝緇熻鏁堝害鏄寚瀹為獙鏁版嵁紜疄琛ㄧず鑷彉閲忎笌鍥犲彉閲忕殑鍥犳灉鍏崇郴鐨勭▼搴︺€?/p>25寤虹珛欏哄簭閲忚〃閲囩敤鐨勪富瑕佹柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?018騫寸爺]A錛庡垎孌墊硶B錛庢劅瑙夌瓑璺濇硶C錛庣瓑綰ф帓鍒楁硶D錛庡樊鍒槇闄愭硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>A欏癸紝鍒嗘娉曞緩绔嬫瘮渚嬮噺琛ㄣ€侭D涓ら」錛岀瓑璺濋噺琛ㄧ殑寤虹珛鏂規(guī)硶鏄劅瑙夌瓑璺濇硶涓庡樊鍒槇闄愭硶銆侰欏癸紝欏哄簭閲忚〃鐨勫緩绔嬫柟娉曟槸瀵瑰伓姣旇緝娉曚笌絳夌駭鎺掑垪娉曘€?/p>26涓嬪垪閫夐」涓紝嫻嬪畾鍚姩鏁堝簲甯哥敤鐨勬柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庡弻鑰沖垎鏋愭硶B錛庡鍋惰仈鍚堟硶C錛庣煡瑙夎鯨璁ゆ硶D錛庡垎鏁ｆ敞鎰忔硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>C銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鍚姩鏁堝簲鏄寚鍓嶉潰鐨勪俊鎭姞宸ユ椿鍔ㄥ闅忓悗鐨勫姞宸ユ椿鍔ㄦ墍璧風(fēng)殑淇冭繘鎴栨姂鍒剁殑浣滅敤錛屽惎鍔ㄦ晥搴旂殑鐮旂┒鑼冨紡鍙互鍒嗕負閲嶅鍚姩鍜岄棿鎺ュ惎鍔紝濡傜煡瑙夎鯨璁ゃ€佽瘝姹囧垽鏂€佽瘝騫茶ˉ絎旂瓑嫻嬮獙銆?/p>27鍦ㄢ€滀笉鍚屾儏澧冧笅騫煎効寤惰繜婊¤凍鐨勫疄楠岀爺絀垛€濅腑錛屸€滀笉鍚屾儏澧冣€濇槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庤嚜鍙橀噺B錛庡洜鍙橀噺C錛庢帶鍒跺彉閲?/p>D錛庢棤鍏沖彉閲?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>A銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鏈涓殑瀹為獙鐩殑鏄帰絀垛€滀笉鍚屾儏澧冧笅騫煎効寤惰繜婊¤凍鈥濓紝鍗沖亣璁炬儏澧冨獎鍝嶄簡騫煎効寤惰繜婊¤凍錛屽疄楠岄€昏緫灝辨槸騫煎効寤惰繜婊¤凍鎯呭喌錛堝洜鍙橀噺錛夐殢鐫€鎯呭錛堣嚜鍙橀噺錛夌殑鍙樺寲鑰屽彉鍖栵紝鏁呭辜鍎垮歡榪熸弧瓚蟲儏鍐典負鍥犲彉閲忥紝鎯呭鏄嚜鍙橀噺錛屽疄楠岀爺絀朵笅鐨勨€滀笉鍚屾儏澧冣€濆睘浜庤嚜鍙橀噺涓嬬殑涓嶅悓鎿嶄綔姘村鉤銆?/p>28蹇冪悊瀛︾爺絀舵姤鍛婁腑鐨勨€滅爺絀舵柟娉曗€濋儴鍒嗛€氬父涓嶅寘鎷紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庤璇曞垎閰?/p>B錛庣爺絀跺亣璁?/p>C錛庢潗鏂欓€夋嫨D錛庡疄楠岃璁?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鐮旂┒鍋囪閮ㄥ垎涓嶅睘浜庣爺絀舵柟娉曢儴鍒嗭紝涓€鑸睘浜庡墠璦€閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>29鎸変竴瀹氶€熷害緇欒璇曚緷嬈″憟鐜版潗鏂欎腑鐨勫悇涓」鐩紝璁╀粬浠涔?fàn)鍜岃蹇嗐€傜涓€嬈″憟鐜版椂錛岃姹傝璇曡瘑璁版潗鏂欙紱浠庣浜屾鍛堢幇璧鳳紝瑕佹眰琚瘯鍦ㄦ瘡涓」鐩嚭鐜版椂錛岃鍑虹揣閭誨叾鍚庣殑涓嬩竴涓」鐩€傝繖縐嶈蹇嗙爺絀舵柟娉曞睘浜庯紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庡叏閮ㄥ憟鐜版硶B錛庨噸寤烘硶C錛庨噸瀛︽硶D錛庢彁紺烘硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>D銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>鎻愮ず娉曟槸鎸囧皢緋誨垪涓殑鍒烘縺欏圭洰鎸夐『搴忔帓鎴愪竴鍒楋紝浠ヤ簨鍏堝畾濂界殑閫熷害閫愰」鍚戣璇曞憟鐜般€傝璇曟妸鍒烘縺緋誨垪鍏ㄩ儴瀛︿範(fàn)涓€閬嶄互鍚庯紝鍗沖洖鍒扮郴鍒楃殑寮€澶達紝寮€濮嬬浜岄亶瀛︿範(fàn)錛屼絾榪欐瑕佹眰琚瘯鍦ㄧ湅鍒頒竴涓」鐩椂錛屽繀欏誨姫鍔涚寽鍑哄畠鐨勪笅涓€涓」鐩€?/p>30鐮旂┒鑰呴€氬父閫氳繃鎺у埗娓╁害銆佺収鏄庛€佸櫔闊充互鍙婅璇曠殑鎬у埆銆佸勾榫勩€佽亴涓氱瓑鍚勭棰濆鍙橀噺錛屼互紿佹樉鑷彉閲忎笌鍥犲彉閲忎箣闂村彲鑳界殑鍥犳灉鍏崇郴錛岃繖浜涘仛娉曟崯瀹蟲渶澶х殑鏁堟灉綾誨瀷鏄紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庡唴閮ㄦ晥搴?/p>B錛庡閮ㄦ晥搴?/p>C錛庢瀯鎬濇晥搴?/p>D錛庣粺璁＄粨璁烘晥搴?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>瀹為獙瀹ゅ疄楠屼細瀵瑰疄楠屾潯浠惰繘琛屼弗鏍兼帶鍒訛紝浠庤€屽埄浜庣爺絀惰€呭彂鐜拌嚜鍙橀噺涓庡洜鍙橀噺涔嬮棿鍙兘鐨勫洜鏋滆仈緋伙紝鍏跺唴閮ㄦ晥搴﹁緝楂樸€備絾緙虹偣鏄叾瀹為獙鎯呭甯︽湁鏋佸ぇ鐨勪漢涓烘€ц川錛屼嬌寰楀緢闅懼皢瀹為獙緇撴灉搴旂敤浜庢棩甯哥敓媧諱腑錛屽嵆澶栭儴鏁堝害涓嶉珮銆?/p>31搴忓垪鍙嶅簲鏃舵柟娉曠殑鍩烘湰閫昏緫鏉ユ簮浜庯紙銆€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庡姞娉曞弽搴旀椂娉?/p>B錛庡噺娉曞弽搴旀椂娉?/p>C錛庡紑紿楀疄楠屾硶D錛庢帓闄?鍖呭惈娉?/p>銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>搴忓垪鍙嶅簲鏃朵換鍔′互鍙嶅簲鏃朵綔涓哄弽搴旀寚鏍囷紝浠ュ簭鍒楄鍒欐搷浣滀笅鐨勬搷浣滄垚緇╀笌闅忔満鎿嶄綔涓嬬殑鎿嶄綔鎴愮嘩涔嬪樊浣滀負鍐呴殣瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勬晥鏋滐紝鎵€渚濇嵁鐨勫熀鏈€昏緫鏉ユ簮浜庡噺娉曞弽搴旀椂銆?/p>32鏂拏鑺．錛圵.Stephenson錛?953騫存彁鍑虹殑鐮旂┒鑷垜姒傚康鐨勬柟娉曟槸錛堛€€銆€錛夈€?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[緇熻€?017騫寸爺]A錛庤涔夊尯鍒嗘硶B錛嶲鍒嗙被鎶€鏈?/p>C錛庝袱闅炬晠浜嬫硶D錛庡唴闅愯仈鎯蟲硶銆愮瓟妗堛€?/span>B銆愯В鏋愩€?/span>B欏癸紝鏂拏鑺．鎻愬嚭Q鍒嗘瀽鎶€鏈爺絀惰嚜鎴戞蹇點€侫欏癸紝緹庡浗蹇冪悊瀛﹀濂ユ柉鍙ゅ痙鍜屽叾鍚屼簨鍒涚珛璇箟鍖哄垎